formationn.

Brit.

/fɔːˈmeɪʃn/,

/fəˈmeɪʃn/, U.S.

/fɔrˈmeɪʃən/

Etymology: < Latin formātiōn-em, noun of action < formāre to form v.¹: see -ation suffix.

a. The action or process of forming; a putting or coming into form; creation, production.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > fashioning, shaping, or forming

shapinga1350

forming1401

formationc1450

fashion1463

plasmation?a1475

framing1551

frame1558

fashioning1574

plasmating1585

fiction1607

effection1623

formature1659

efficiency1665

formativeness1849

styling1928

c1450 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 10 The worlde..I forme in the formacion With a dongion of darcknes.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cclvii Aboute this tyme there was a great formation of monasteries.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 12 The rules that I shall gyve for the formation of tenses.

1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 152 in Poems The Formation of the Body in the womb.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 315 The Formation of Barnacles is exactly the same.

1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. iv. 43 The complete formation of this administration was interrupted by the death of the Earl.

1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 52 The escape of hydrogen and the formation of a neutral salt.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. xi. 190 His mind had really reached a new stage in its formation of a purpose.

b. The action or process of forming an accumulator plate, a semiconductor device, etc. (see form v.¹ 1g).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > [noun] > formation of accumulator plate

formation1881

forming1902

the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > [noun] > specific semiconductor devices > forming of device

formation1926

forming1926

1881 S. P. Thompson Storage Electr. 12/1 The amount of charge will..depend on the size of the plates and on the degree to which the process of ‘formation’ has been carried out.

1895 S. P. Thompson Electr. & Magn. 519 During the subsequent process of ‘formation’ the hardened paste is reduced on one plate..and peroxidized on the other.

1926 L. B. W. Jolley A.C. Rectification (ed. 2) xv. 372 During the process of formation the oxide film is being deposited on the anode.

1964 G. Smith Storage Batteries ii. 22 A forming agent is added to the sulphuric acid, which..accelerates the production of the lead dioxide coating when current is passed through the plate during formation.

2. concrete. The thing formed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > fashioning, shaping, or forming > that which is formed

shaping1340

fiction1579

figment1592

formation1646

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. vi. 117 The Chorion, a thick..membrane obscuring the formation, and which the Dam doth teare asunder.

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 501 Productive of some disgusting formation in their children.

1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence xviii. 234 Modern formations are numerous, as acquittal [etc.].

a. The manner in which a thing is formed with respect to the disposition of its parts; formal structure, conformation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > [noun]

shapec1050

composition1382

temperc1400

confectionc1420

temperament1471

frame?1520

compage1550

architecture1590

compacture1590

structure?1591

fabricaturec1600

constitution1601

membrature1606

composture1614

compositure1625

contexturea1639

composure1639

economy1644

fabric1644

conformation1646

composier1648

constructurea1652

compages1660

mechanism1662

compound1671

construction1707

componency1750

formation1774

make-up1821

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 324 These holes are dug with so much art, that there seems the design of an architect in the formation.

1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 325 Remarks..as to the formation of clouds.

1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 253 The liver..varies much in size, in different persons..from mere peculiarities of formation.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Formation..the particulars of a ship's build.

b. The disposition of fibres in a sheet of paper.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > disposition of fibres

formation1937

1937 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper 110/1 Formation, the disposition or texture of the fibres in a sheet of paper.

1952 J. P. Casey Pulp & Paper I. viii. 417 Formation..is a highly important property and influences many of the properties of the final paper, such as strength and appearance.

1953 J. N. Stephenson Pulp & Paper Manuf. III. 119 Formation is that quality which describes the structure of a sheet of paper, the manner in which the fibers are interlaced.

a. Military. An arrangement or disposition of troops.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun]

rayc1440

form1600

formation1796

1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 130 The formation will front the same way as the head of the column.

1802 in C. James New Mil. Dict.

1832 Proposed Regulations Cavalry ii. 20 The..Formations must be executed as often by the left as by the right.

1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xxii. 388 The usual Roman formation in battle was in triple line.

b. Aeronautics. The orderly disposition of a number of aircraft in flight.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > [noun] > an aircraft > a group of aircraft > disposition in flight

formation1914

1914 Engineering 4 Dec. 680/3 Formation Flying... In the handling of a single squadron, the formation adopted may evidently be fairly elastic.

1917 ‘Contact’ Airman's Outings p. xiv Dotted everywhere, singly or in formations of two, three, four, or six, were..the single-seater fighting scouts.

1931 H. A. Jones War in Air III. iv. 296 They were made to..practise..flying in formation.

1941 E. C. Shepherd Mil. Aeroplane 4 Anti-aircraft fire can..break up the formations.

1963 Amer. Speech 38 117 The bomber then comes slowly up behind the tanker and flies a close formation with it.

1971 D. N. James Gloster Aircraft 211 Three Gladiators of No. 87 Squadron flew tied-together formation aerobatic sequences with cord connecting their interplane struts.

a. Geology. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > [noun] > formation

head1686

formation1815

1815 W. Phillips Outl. Mineral. & Geol. (1818) 88 The term formation is not always used to express a deposite consisting only of a single stratum..it is also commonly used to designate a series of..strata, which being intimately associated, and containing the same description of organic remains, are thence..considered to be of contemporaneous formation.

1833 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. (1874) i. 4 The term ‘formation’..expresses..any assemblage of rocks which have some character in common, whether of origin, age, or composition.

1881 T. M. Hughes in Nature 5 May 14/2 The..formation, by which, adopting a terminology now in much favour on the Continent, we mean the lithological character and origin of the rock.

b. Ecology. [ < German formation (A. Grisebach 1838, in Linnaea XII. 160).] A community formed by groups of plants which have adapted themselves to similar climatic conditions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > community or association

society1896

formation1898

association1900

associes1916

socies1916

alliance1930

phytocoenosis1930

sociation1930

1898 Bot. Gaz. 25 394 The grass formations are more or less intermediate between the sand hill and the foothill formations.

1904 Science 18 Mar. 467 The persistent misuse by many ecologists of the word ‘formation’, when referring to plant societies or associations.

1909 E. Warming et al. Oecol. Plants xxxv. 140 A formation may then be defined as a community of species,..which have become associated together by definite external..characters of the habitat.

1929 J. E. Weaver & F. E. Clements Plant Ecol. i. 6 No formation is uniform throughout its entire extent.

1960 N. Polunin Introd. Plant Geogr. xi. 333 Each formation usually covers a wide area involving various conditions.

6. = information n.

ΚΠ

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 977 Pardown he ast off the repreiff befor..and said he suld no mor Formacioune [1570 Information] mak off him that was so gud.

Compounds

formation dancing n. a variety of (competitive) ballroom dancing in which members of a team dance in formation through a sequence of routines.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > ballroom dancing > [noun] > group dances > involving members of a competitive team

formation dancing1936

1936 Dancing Times Aug. 515/2 There was also a very fine demonstration of Mrs. Ripman's ‘Formation Dancing’ in Valse and Fox-trot.

1967 Silvester & Whitman Compl. Old Time Dancer 137 Some competitors have found that experience of formation dancing has helped them in various ways.

1985 Financial Times 10 Aug. (Weekend Suppl.) p. i/3 Walking back along the promenade I looked through a window—to watch a group of elderly ladies doing formation dancing in the front room of a private hotel.

formation-level n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > permanent way > level on which ballast is laid

formation-level1888

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Formation Level, the level of the tops of the embankments and bottoms of the cuttings of a railway upon which the ballast is laid.

formation-rule n. Logic one of a set of rules together specifying which combinations of symbols are to count as well-formed formulas in a given system (opposed to transformation rule).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [noun] > well-formed formula > elements of

formation-rule1937

well-formedness1947

1937 A. Smeaton tr. R. Carnap Logical Syntax Lang. §1. 2 The difference between syntactical rules in the narrower sense and the logical rules of deduction is only the difference between formation rules and transformation rules.

1948 H. Reichenbach Elem. Symbolic Logic i. 16 Formation rules..tell us under what conditions a set of signs is meaningful.

1965 P. Caws Philos. of Sci. xvi. 119 Formation-rules..specify how primitive or other terms may be put together to form acceptable expressions.

1966 Amer. Philos. Q. 3 7/1 Speech activities..proceed in accordance with formation rules.

Derivatives

forˈmational adj. [see -al suffix¹] of or pertaining to formation or formations.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective]

creational1677

creatal1857

formational1886

1886 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 132 244 Formational and historical geology.

forˈmationally adv. in respect of formation, as regards formation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [adverb]

productively1602

constitutively1656

creatively1713

formationally1898

1898 Bot. Gaz. 25 382 The forests of Mexico..are both floristically and formationally distinct from the northern forests.

1953 C. E. Bazell Ling. Form 51 Phonemically the form [wished] is on a par with the formationally underivable fist, etc.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	formation
释义	formationn. Brit. /fɔːˈmeɪʃn/, /fəˈmeɪʃn/, U.S. /fɔrˈmeɪʃən/ Etymology: < Latin formātiōn-em, noun of action < formāre to form v.¹: see -ation suffix. 1. a. The action or process of forming; a putting or coming into form; creation, production. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > fashioning, shaping, or forming shapinga1350 forming1401 formationc1450 fashion1463 plasmation?a1475 framing1551 frame1558 fashioning1574 plasmating1585 fiction1607 effection1623 formature1659 efficiency1665 formativeness1849 styling1928 c1450 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 10 The worlde..I forme in the formacion With a dongion of darcknes. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cclvii Aboute this tyme there was a great formation of monasteries. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 12 The rules that I shall gyve for the formation of tenses. 1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 152 in Poems The Formation of the Body in the womb. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 315 The Formation of Barnacles is exactly the same. 1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. iv. 43 The complete formation of this administration was interrupted by the death of the Earl. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 52 The escape of hydrogen and the formation of a neutral salt. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. xi. 190 His mind had really reached a new stage in its formation of a purpose. b. The action or process of forming an accumulator plate, a semiconductor device, etc. (see form v.¹ 1g). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > [noun] > formation of accumulator plate formation1881 forming1902 the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > [noun] > specific semiconductor devices > forming of device formation1926 forming1926 1881 S. P. Thompson Storage Electr. 12/1 The amount of charge will..depend on the size of the plates and on the degree to which the process of ‘formation’ has been carried out. 1895 S. P. Thompson Electr. & Magn. 519 During the subsequent process of ‘formation’ the hardened paste is reduced on one plate..and peroxidized on the other. 1926 L. B. W. Jolley A.C. Rectification (ed. 2) xv. 372 During the process of formation the oxide film is being deposited on the anode. 1964 G. Smith Storage Batteries ii. 22 A forming agent is added to the sulphuric acid, which..accelerates the production of the lead dioxide coating when current is passed through the plate during formation. 2. concrete. The thing formed. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > fashioning, shaping, or forming > that which is formed shaping1340 fiction1579 figment1592 formation1646 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. vi. 117 The Chorion, a thick..membrane obscuring the formation, and which the Dam doth teare asunder. 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 501 Productive of some disgusting formation in their children. 1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence xviii. 234 Modern formations are numerous, as acquittal [etc.]. 3. a. The manner in which a thing is formed with respect to the disposition of its parts; formal structure, conformation. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > [noun] shapec1050 composition1382 temperc1400 confectionc1420 temperament1471 frame?1520 compage1550 architecture1590 compacture1590 structure?1591 fabricaturec1600 constitution1601 membrature1606 composture1614 compositure1625 contexturea1639 composure1639 economy1644 fabric1644 conformation1646 composier1648 constructurea1652 compages1660 mechanism1662 compound1671 construction1707 componency1750 formation1774 make-up1821 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 324 These holes are dug with so much art, that there seems the design of an architect in the formation. 1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 325 Remarks..as to the formation of clouds. 1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 253 The liver..varies much in size, in different persons..from mere peculiarities of formation. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Formation..the particulars of a ship's build. b. The disposition of fibres in a sheet of paper. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > disposition of fibres formation1937 1937 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper 110/1 Formation, the disposition or texture of the fibres in a sheet of paper. 1952 J. P. Casey Pulp & Paper I. viii. 417 Formation..is a highly important property and influences many of the properties of the final paper, such as strength and appearance. 1953 J. N. Stephenson Pulp & Paper Manuf. III. 119 Formation is that quality which describes the structure of a sheet of paper, the manner in which the fibers are interlaced. 4. a. Military. An arrangement or disposition of troops. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] rayc1440 form1600 formation1796 1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 130 The formation will front the same way as the head of the column. 1802 in C. James New Mil. Dict. 1832 Proposed Regulations Cavalry ii. 20 The..Formations must be executed as often by the left as by the right. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xxii. 388 The usual Roman formation in battle was in triple line. b. Aeronautics. The orderly disposition of a number of aircraft in flight. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > [noun] > an aircraft > a group of aircraft > disposition in flight formation1914 1914 Engineering 4 Dec. 680/3 Formation Flying... In the handling of a single squadron, the formation adopted may evidently be fairly elastic. 1917 ‘Contact’ Airman's Outings p. xiv Dotted everywhere, singly or in formations of two, three, four, or six, were..the single-seater fighting scouts. 1931 H. A. Jones War in Air III. iv. 296 They were made to..practise..flying in formation. 1941 E. C. Shepherd Mil. Aeroplane 4 Anti-aircraft fire can..break up the formations. 1963 Amer. Speech 38 117 The bomber then comes slowly up behind the tanker and flies a close formation with it. 1971 D. N. James Gloster Aircraft 211 Three Gladiators of No. 87 Squadron flew tied-together formation aerobatic sequences with cord connecting their interplane struts. 5. a. Geology. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > [noun] > formation head1686 formation1815 1815 W. Phillips Outl. Mineral. & Geol. (1818) 88 The term formation is not always used to express a deposite consisting only of a single stratum..it is also commonly used to designate a series of..strata, which being intimately associated, and containing the same description of organic remains, are thence..considered to be of contemporaneous formation. 1833 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. (1874) i. 4 The term ‘formation’..expresses..any assemblage of rocks which have some character in common, whether of origin, age, or composition. 1881 T. M. Hughes in Nature 5 May 14/2 The..formation, by which, adopting a terminology now in much favour on the Continent, we mean the lithological character and origin of the rock. b. Ecology. [ < German formation (A. Grisebach 1838, in Linnaea XII. 160).] A community formed by groups of plants which have adapted themselves to similar climatic conditions. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > community or association society1896 formation1898 association1900 associes1916 socies1916 alliance1930 phytocoenosis1930 sociation1930 1898 Bot. Gaz. 25 394 The grass formations are more or less intermediate between the sand hill and the foothill formations. 1904 Science 18 Mar. 467 The persistent misuse by many ecologists of the word ‘formation’, when referring to plant societies or associations. 1909 E. Warming et al. Oecol. Plants xxxv. 140 A formation may then be defined as a community of species,..which have become associated together by definite external..characters of the habitat. 1929 J. E. Weaver & F. E. Clements Plant Ecol. i. 6 No formation is uniform throughout its entire extent. 1960 N. Polunin Introd. Plant Geogr. xi. 333 Each formation usually covers a wide area involving various conditions. 6. = information n. ΚΠ 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 977 Pardown he ast off the repreiff befor..and said he suld no mor Formacioune [1570 Information] mak off him that was so gud. Compounds formation dancing n. a variety of (competitive) ballroom dancing in which members of a team dance in formation through a sequence of routines. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > ballroom dancing > [noun] > group dances > involving members of a competitive team formation dancing1936 1936 Dancing Times Aug. 515/2 There was also a very fine demonstration of Mrs. Ripman's ‘Formation Dancing’ in Valse and Fox-trot. 1967 Silvester & Whitman Compl. Old Time Dancer 137 Some competitors have found that experience of formation dancing has helped them in various ways. 1985 Financial Times 10 Aug. (Weekend Suppl.) p. i/3 Walking back along the promenade I looked through a window—to watch a group of elderly ladies doing formation dancing in the front room of a private hotel. formation-level n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > permanent way > level on which ballast is laid formation-level1888 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Formation Level, the level of the tops of the embankments and bottoms of the cuttings of a railway upon which the ballast is laid. formation-rule n. Logic one of a set of rules together specifying which combinations of symbols are to count as well-formed formulas in a given system (opposed to transformation rule). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [noun] > well-formed formula > elements of formation-rule1937 well-formedness1947 1937 A. Smeaton tr. R. Carnap Logical Syntax Lang. §1. 2 The difference between syntactical rules in the narrower sense and the logical rules of deduction is only the difference between formation rules and transformation rules. 1948 H. Reichenbach Elem. Symbolic Logic i. 16 Formation rules..tell us under what conditions a set of signs is meaningful. 1965 P. Caws Philos. of Sci. xvi. 119 Formation-rules..specify how primitive or other terms may be put together to form acceptable expressions. 1966 Amer. Philos. Q. 3 7/1 Speech activities..proceed in accordance with formation rules. Derivatives forˈmational adj. [see -al suffix¹] of or pertaining to formation or formations. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] creational1677 creatal1857 formational1886 1886 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 132 244 Formational and historical geology. forˈmationally adv. in respect of formation, as regards formation. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [adverb] productively1602 constitutively1656 creatively1713 formationally1898 1898 Bot. Gaz. 25 382 The forests of Mexico..are both floristically and formationally distinct from the northern forests. 1953 C. E. Bazell Ling. Form 51 Phonemically the form [wished] is on a par with the formationally underivable fist, etc. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1450
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