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单词 gin
释义

ginn.1

Brit. /dʒɪn/, U.S. /dʒɪn/
Forms: Middle English gen, Middle English gwnnys (plural), Middle English jenne, Middle English–1500s gyne, Middle English–1600s ginne, Middle English–1600s gynne, Middle English– gin, 1500s–1700s ginn, 1600s gynn, 1600s iynn, Middle English–1700s (1800s in sense 8) gyn.
Origin: Probably a borrowing from French. Etymons: French gin, engin.
Etymology: Probably < Anglo-Norman gin, ginne (also egin ), variant (with reduction and loss of the prefix) of Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French engin engine n. Compare later engine n.
†1. Skill, ingenuity. Also in a negative sense: cunning, craft, artifice (cf. engine n. 1a). Obsolete. quaint of gin: skilled at contriving or planning; (of a thing) curiously contrived.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > skill or art > inventive or constructive skill
ginc1175
compassc1320
witc1325
enginec1330
devicec1400
engininga1450
artifice1540
imaginea1550
ingeniousness1555
ingeniosity1607
ingenuousness1628
ingenuity1649
contrivance1659
artfulness1670
contrivancy1877
devicefulness1894
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun]
listOE
wiþercraftc1175
wilta1230
craftc1275
sleightc1275
engine?a1300
quaintisec1300
vaidiec1325
wilec1374
cautelc1375
sophistryc1385
quaintnessc1390
voisdie1390
havilon?a1400
foxeryc1400
subtletyc1400
undercraftc1400
practic?a1439
callidityc1450
policec1450
wilinessc1450
craftiness1484
gin1543
cautility1554
cunning1582
cautelousness1584
panurgy1586
policy1587
foxshipa1616
cunningnessa1625
subdolousness1635
dexterity1656
insidiousnessa1677
versuteness1685
pawkiness1687
sleight-hand1792
pawkery1820
vulpinism1851
downiness1865
foxiness1875
slimness1899
slypussness1908
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7087 Vþwitess swiþe wise. Þatt..unnderrstodenn maniȝ whatt Þurrh snoterr gyn bi sterrness.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 765 Mid lutle strengþe þurȝ ginne Castel & burȝ me mai iwinne.
?a1300 Fox & Wolf 72 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 28 To one putte wes water inne Þat wes I-maked mid grete ginne.
c1300 St. Michael (Harl.) in T. Wright Pop. Treat. Sci. (1841) 132 Oure Loverd, that al makede i-wis, queynte is of ginne.
?1316 Short Metrical Chron. (Royal) (2002) l. 180 Feole þinges þer beþ ynne, Craftilich ymad wiþ gynne.
c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 74 (MED) S[aynt] Austyne, Þat furst in Englond with his gyn þe treuþ to preche began.
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 1705 (MED) Þis Castel is of so qweynt a gynne.
1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 110 By subtelte and his sleyghty gyn.
1567 G. Turberville tr. G. B. Spagnoli Eglogs i. f. 2 To guyle the fishe with gyn, Or searche ye brakes for breeding byrds.
c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) 1133 Therfore þe kyng had cast too keepe þat steede In þat cave craftely enclosed with gynne.
1665 J. Bulteel tr. T. Corneille Amorous Orontus iv. i. 67 Cliton. Erast' being there hid, tho, shew's some Ginn? Orontus. I know the whole Intrigue.
†2.
a. An instrument of torture; spec. the rack. Cf. engine n. 4b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > rack
ginc1225
enginea1450
framec1480
rack1481
brake1530
pine banka1535
pine bauk1542
Duke of Exeter's daughter1618
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 904 Þis pinful gin wes of swuch wise iginnet þet te twa turnden eiðer wið oðer.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Giiv I bequethe hym the gowte and the gyn.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. E4v Typhœus ioynts were stretched on a gin.
1592 T. Lodge Euphues Shadow (1883) 14 Trying vanitie in the gin, attyring Vertue with the garland.
1659 C. Clobery Divine Glimpses 5 Tenter up Nature to the highest pin; And rack Philosophy with quaintest gin.
b. A fetter. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > binding or fettering > [noun] > bond(s) or fetter(s) or shackle(s) > for the feet or legs
copsa700
fetterc800
gyvec1275
bolt1483
boysc1485
hose-ring?1515
hopshacklea1568
gin?1587
leg ring1606
hamper1613
shacklock1613
wife1616
pedicle1628
leg iron1779
wife1811
leg lock1815
ankle ring1823
anklet1835
hopple1888
Oregon boot1892
?1587 J. Deacon Treat. Nobody is my Name sig. J7 Those..wares...if after their buying they abate in price,..become ginnes to fetter him faster in the Gaile of miserye.
1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 145 To keep from flaying scourge thy skin, And ankle free from Iron gin.
†3.
a. An instance or product of ingenuity; a contrivance, scheme, or device. Also: an artifice, a trick (cf. engine n. 2). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > a wile or cunning device
wrenchc888
craftOE
turnc1225
ginc1275
play?a1300
enginec1300
wrenkc1325
forsetc1330
sleightc1340
knackc1369
cautel138.
subtletya1393
wilea1400
tramc1400
wrinkle1402
artc1405
policy?1406
subtilityc1410
subtiltyc1440
jeopardy1487
jouk1513
pawka1522
frask1524
false point?1528
conveyance1534
compass1540
fineness1546
far-fetch?a1562
stratagem1561
finesse1562
entrapping1564
convoyance1578
lift1592
imagine1594
agitation1600
subtleship1614
artifice1620
navation1628
wimple1638
rig1640
lapwing stratagem1676
feint1679
undercraft1691
fly-flap1726
management1736
fakement1811
old tricka1822
fake1829
trickeration1940
swiftie1945
shrewdie1961
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > available means or a resource > a device, contrivance, or expedient
costOE
craftOE
custc1275
ginc1275
devicec1290
enginec1300
quaintisec1300
contrevurec1330
castc1340
knackc1369
findinga1382
wilea1400
conject14..
skiftc1400
policy?1406
subtilityc1410
policec1450
conjecturea1464
industry1477
invention1516
cunning1526
shift1530
compass1540
chevisance1548
trade1550
tour1558
fashion1562
invent?1567
expediment1571
trick1573
ingeny1588
machine1595
lock1598
contrival1602
contrivement1611
artifice1620
recipea1643
ingenuity1651
expedient1653
contrivance1661
excogitation1664
mechanism1669
expediency1683
stroke1699
spell1728
management1736
manoeuvre1769
move1794
wrinkle1817
dodge1842
jigamaree1847
quiff1881
kink1889
lurk1916
gadget1920
fastie1931
ploy1940
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 670 Brutus iherde siggen..of þan ufele ginnen [c1300 Otho ginne] þe cuðen þa mereminnen.
c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) 131 Hu he miȝte mid sume ginne, His lemman Blauncheflur awinne.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4351 Wan we buþ wyþ such a gynne þe brigge-ȝates al wyþ-ynne, þan wol y blowe myn horn.
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 173 (MED) That nevere man that was on mold With strengthe, myȝte, ne with gynne That ilke schepe myght not wynne.
R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Mending of Life 119 (MED) Þis..meditacion þe fend ouercoms & his gwnnys destroys.
c1500 Sir Corneus in M. M. Furrow Ten 15th-cent. Comic Poems (1985) 285 I wyll asey with a gyne All þese cokwold[es] þat her [ar] yn, To knaw þem wyll I fonnd.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vii. sig. Iiv The Hag she found, Busie (as seem'd) about some wicked gin.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. l. 36773 So be no way, be ony wyle or gyn, Withoutin leif mycht no man wyn thairin.
c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) 644 By ginnes of gemetrie hee joifully telles Bothe þe date and þe daie.
1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis Pref. Indeliable tincture; which rub'd in The Gallants doe account their bravest gin.
1677 A. Horneck Great Law of Consideration iv. 116 These are some of the ginns and stratagems, whereby he doth insensibly ruine the greatest part of Mankind.
1723 Trickology 16 They have an incurable Itch to intermeddle with their secret and profound Gins.
b. An affair, a happening. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2867 Her hors apolk stap in, Þe water her wat ay whare; It was a ferly gin, So heye vnder hir gare It fleiȝe.
4.
a. A device for catching game, etc.; a snare, net, trap. Cf. engine n. 4c. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun]
grinc825
trapa1000
snarea1100
swikea1100
granea1250
springec1275
gina1300
gnarea1325
stringc1325
trebuchet1362
latch?a1366
leashc1374
snarlc1380
foot gina1382
foot-grina1382
traina1393
sinewa1400
snatcha1400
foot trapa1425
haucepyc1425
slingc1425
engine1481
swar1488
frame1509
brakea1529
fang1535
fall trap1570
spring1578
box-trapa1589
spring trapa1589
sprint1599
noosec1600
springle1602
springe1607
toil1607
plage1608
deadfall1631
puppy snatch1650
snickle1681
steel trap1735
figure (of) four1743
gun-trap1749
stamp1788
stell1801
springer1813
sprent1822
livetrap1823
snaphance1831
catch pole1838
twitch-up1841
basket-trap1866
pole trap1879
steel fall1895
tread-trap1952
conibear trap1957
conibear1958
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 464 He..Himseluen sit, olon [emended in ed. to alon] bihalt Weðer his gin him out biwarlt [probably read biwalt].
?a1300 Fox & Wolf l. 82 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 28 (MED) Þo he wes in þe ginne I-brout.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 105 He may wylde fewle slayne with hawkes and dere slaen with hundes or oþer gynnez.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 576 With his handys quhile he wrocht Gynnys to tak geddis & salmonys.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 225/1 Gynne to take quayles with, ronnelle.
1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 3 The little fishes..With fearefull nibbling flie th' inticing gin.
1637 T. Heywood Dial. ii, in Wks. (1874) VI. 115 They onely shall lost labor win, Who seeke to catch an old Fox in a gin.
1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 151 He made a Planetary Gin Which Rats would run their own heads in.
1712 J. Arbuthnot App. to John Bull Still in Senses iii. 16 A Noose that slip'd as glib as a Bird-catcher's Gin.
1781 G. Crabbe Library 14 Her subtle gin, that not a Fly escapes!
1815 Sporting Mag. 46 4 He discovered the defendants setting gins or engines to catch hares.
1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 250 These animals get caught, too, in the gins.
1911 Living Age 8 Apr. 86/1 ‘What is it?’ she asked. ‘'Tis a gin,’ he rejoined-—‘a snare for takin' rabbits an' such like.’
1951 Official Gaz. (Kenya) 30 Jan. 187 No person..shall..set, or have in his possession for the purpose of setting, any set-gun, trap, gin, snare or net capable of killing or capturing any game animal.
2011 Western Gaz. (Nexis) 1 Aug. 26 With a Royal society with a charter to protect animals and inspectors given the authority to do so, snares should by now be as obsolete as gins.
b. In extended use. Now archaic and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > a wile or cunning device > designed to trap or catch
gina1325
pitfallc1390
train?a1400
catch1799
a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 369 (MED) Þe ffisscheres beoþ þe prechours þat goþ aboute wiþ hare gynne and precheþ..goed soules to wynne.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 28 Hyre guodes to loȝy þe enuious agrayþeþ alle his gynnes.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 1620 His gynnes hath he [sc. Loue] sett withoute Ryght forto cacche in his panters These damoysels and bachelers.
1483 W. Caxton tr. A. Chartier Curial sig. ijv For to make the grete and myghty to falle and ouerthrowe she [sc. Fortune] setteth gladly her gynnes.
1510 A. Chertsey tr. Floure Commaundementes of God (de Worde) i. f. cix/1 The deuyll hath throughout the worlde so many coltrappes, instrumentes and baytes for to take the soules in his gynnes, snares, and strynges.
1563 W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Blacke Smyth ii. 7 Caught in gyn wherein is layd no bayt.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. x. 247 Satan, the master-juggler needeth no wires or ginnes to work with, being all ginnes himself.
1677 F. Sandford Geneal. Hist. Kings Eng. 128 So strong was the conceit of a Prophecy of Merlin (that Ginn of Error) That Llewellin should one day possess the Diadem of Brute.
1721 R. Keith tr. Thomas à Kempis Soliloquy of Soul x, in tr. Thomas à Kempis Select Pieces II. 174 For many are the Gins for that Soul which loveth to gad abroad.
1763 Brit. Mag. 4 548 Beware the Wheel of Fortune—'tis a gin, You'll lose a dozen times for once you win.
1873 E. J. Brennan Witch of Nemi 17 That ye may shun the gins that trap to hell.
1897 R. Roberts Christendom Astray vii. 128 Hunting immortal souls with gin and snare, and exporting them to his own grim domain.
1969 W. H. Auden City without Walls 108 Released into peace from The gin of old sin.
1984 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 May (Book World section) 13 He has created..a gin to lure Hansel and Gretel into the fascination of his deepwoods respects for the wild creatures.
†5.
a. An instrument, a tool. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > [noun]
toolc888
loomc900
ginc1300
instrumentc1392
machinamentc1425
work-loomc1425
oustil1477
mistera1525
appliance1565
device1570
utensil1604
conveniency1660
contrivance1667
ruler1692
machine1707
implements1767
dial1839
dog1859
c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 258 Ac ne mot þer non ben inne Þat one þe breche bereþ þe ginne, Noþer bi daie ne bi niȝt, But he also capun beo idiȝt.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 608 Neptanabus biholdeþ his gynne.
1570 H. Billingsley in tr. Euclid Elements Geom. vi. Introd. f. 153 Instrumentes of..drawing huge thinges incredible to the ignorant, and infinite other ginnes.
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia i. 3 Their Boats are but one great tree..burnt in the forme of a trough with gins and fire.
a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Queene of Corinth iii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bbbbbb3/1 I should curse my fortune Even at the highest, to be made the ginne To unscrew a Mothers love unto her Son.
b. A contrivance or apparatus; a mechanical device; a machine. Also figurative. Obsolete.archaic in quot. a1822.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun]
trama1400
ginc1400
pageant1519
engine1581
machination1605
machina1612
machine1659
mechanism1665
contrivance1667
gimcrack1772
plant1925
power1942
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 491 Þen watz þer joy in þat gyn [sc. the ark]..And much comfort in þat cofer.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 1165 This false gyn Was nat maad ther, but it was maad bifore.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 314 Tryl another pyn For ther Inne lyth theffect of al the gyn.
a1450 Seven Sages (Cambr. Dd.1.17) (1845) l. 2035 To ordayn and dyvyse a gyne For to holde the piler up-ryght.
1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xvi. ii. 574 He meaneth of all the gins in instruments, it is too tedious to stand reckning of them here.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. i. xv. 43 The foundation was neither on the rocke, nor on good ground, but by a ginne screwed to the Roman Consistory.
1662 T. Hobbes Mr Hobbes Considered 54 Not every one that brings from beyond Sea a new Gin, or other janty device, is therefore a Philosopher.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Let. to — in Posthumous Poems (1824) 59 To breathe a soul into the iron heart Of some machine portentous, or strange gin.
c. A component of a device which allows it (or part of it) to move. Also in figurative contexts. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > part of > spring
spring1428
sprent1511
gin1591
resort1598
worm1724
worm-spring1730
scape-spring1825
leaf spring1855
blade-spring1863
nest spring1866
tension spring1877
coil spring1890
1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. A2 His stirhops are made with vices and gins that one may put them in a paire of gloues.
1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 49 Idolles, and Statues, which artificially are moued by vises & gynnes.
a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI Serm. (1629) 462 There goeth search and enquiry to it; paynes, and diligence are requisite: we shall not come thither, with the turning of a ginne.
a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI Serm. (1629) 694 Of our selves, to move: not wrought to it, by any gin or vice or skrew made by art.
†6. A machine or instrument used in warfare for casting stones or other missiles; a siege engine or tower. Cf. engine n. 4. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > [noun] > ballista
ballistaeOE
ginc1325
mangonelc1325
springalc1330
ballistc1384
scorpionc1384
tormentc1384
trebuchet1388
fowler1420
dondainec1430
onagera1460
perrier1481
trabuch?1482
bricole1489
coillard1489
mouton1489
sambuca1489
martinet1523
racket1535
sling1535
brake1552
catapult1577
sweep1598
sling-dart1600
petrary1610
espringal1614
scorpion-bowa1629
swafe1688
sackbut1756
mangona1773
matafunda1773
lombard1838
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 11435 Hii þat wiþinne were þe castel wuste vaste Mid arblast and mid oþer ginnes, vaste aȝen hom caste.
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) l. 680 He stont on heiȝ roche and sound..Þat þer ne mai wone non vuel þing Ne derue no gynnes castyng.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 9889 It [sc. þis castel] may neyhe na warid wiht, Ne na maner gin [Vesp. engine] of were May cast þar-till it for to dede.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 4176 They dredde noon assaut Of gynne, Gunne nor skaffaut.
?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 784/13 Hoc mangnalium, a gyn.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 231 Than Bissines the grit gyn bend, Straik doun the top of the foir tour.
a1650 Merline 1854 in F. J. Furnivall Percy Folio MS (1867) I. 480 When they to the castle came wylde fyer soone them nume & cast itt in with a gynne.
†7. A device for fastening or securing a door, window, etc.; a bolt, bar, latch, etc. Obsolete. Chiefly Scottish in later use. to know the gin: to know the way or trick of opening (a door, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > bolt or bar
shuttle971
barc1175
esselc1275
slota1300
sperel13..
ginc1330
staple-bar1339
shotc1430
shuttingc1440
shutc1460
spar1596
counter-bar1611
shooter1632
drawbar1670
night bolt1775
drop-bolt1786
snibbing-bolt1844
stay-band1844
window bar1853
heck-stower1876
barrel bolt1909
latch bolt1909
panic bolt1911
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > experience > be experienced [phrase]
to know the ginc1530
to know what something is1535
to find (know, etc.) the length (also measure) of a person's foot1580
to know one's way around1814
to be more than seven1896
to know whereof one speaks (or writes, etc.)1922
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 5678 Þe gate he leke..Wiþ mani bar and mani gin.
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) l. 803 Þe foure smale toures abouten..Euerichon haþ a ȝat wiþ ginne, Þat may non vuel come þerinne.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1759 Þe windou was wit suilk a gin Men moght it open þat loked wit-in.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 6170 (MED) Wyndewes closed by on gynne.
c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Niijv Of our pore howses, men soone may knowe the gyn So at our pleasour, we may go out and in.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 398 b The barres and gynnes beyng forced backe.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. l. 36094 Donewald..Knew weill the gyn of euerilk chalmer duir.
1619 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 95 ij iron Gynnes for the dore.
a1650 Old Robin of Portingale 88 in F. J. Furnivall Percy Folio MS (1867) I. 239 About the Middle time of the Night came 24 good knights in, Sir Gyles he was the formost man, soe well he knew that ginne.
1683 J. Shirley Compl. Courtier 131 Weel as I know the Gate, but better I ken the Gin; For let me come early or late, my Nelly will let me in.
1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. Gyn, the bolt or lock of a door.
1828 P. Buchan Anc. Ballads & Songs N. Scotl. I. 160 Ye'll take my brand I bear in hand, And wi' the same ye'll lift the gin.
1895 ‘H. Haliburton’ Dunbar: Poems adapted for Mod. Readers 90 Meikle was the need o' bar an' gin.
8.
a. A mechanical apparatus used for hoisting heavy weights; (in later use) spec. one which is portable and which consists of a tripod (typically with one adjustable leg) from the apex of which one or more pulleys are suspended. Also figurative. Now historical.lading gin, raising gin: see the first element.Quot. 1398 probably shows the English word rather than a late occurrence of the Anglo-Norman word; see etymology.With quot. 1779, cf. triangle n. 2k.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > shear-legs or gin
gin1398
lading gin1497
raising gin1497
shearsa1625
Jack1686
triangle1691
crab1739
shear-legs1860
1398 Winchester Chamberlain's Roll in Middle Eng. Dict. at Gin(ne In meremio cariando usque ad muros..cum uno gyn x d.
1448 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 399 Ropes Barowes gynnes herdelles.
1512 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 608 Gynnes, wheles, cables.
?a1549 Inventory Henry VIII (1998) I. 122/1 Gynnes with shevers of brasse.
1647 W. Eldred Gunners Glasse 31 Marke therefore how the Ginne is ordered in setting it fast from sliding, and how the Rope is put into the shivers of the Block or Ram-head.
1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 27 The Privy Councell of Kings, hath been an old ginne of State, that at a sudden lift could doe much to the furthering of the present Estate of publique Affaires.
1724 P. Miller Gardeners & Florists Dict. II. at Transplanting Trees If the Mould about the Root of the Tree is too heavy.., it then may be rais'd with a Crane or Gin.
1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea 9 She had for a mast an artillery triangle (gin or tripod) made of three stout bamboos.
1788 Trans. Soc. Arts 6 208 The Gin will not hoist it on such soft ground.
1837 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 72/1 The bed..is either lewised or chained, and raised by the large crane or ‘gin’.
1868 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea III. vii. 130 The cranes, the gins, the engines of all kinds.
1977 J. Judd Corr. Van Cortlandt Family 424 A gin is a machine for raising or moving heavy weights (as a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys and ropes). This could be used to weigh—archaically meaning to heave, hoist, or raise—the cannon.
2013 Daily Tel. 11 June 11/2 Ten cadets used a three-legged frame of poles known as a gyn, with a rope and four pulleys to hoist a similar Austin Seven 20ft off the ground at the city's Jesus Green.
b. Mining. A mechanical apparatus used to draw up ore, water, etc., from a mine shaft; esp. one employing a windlass powered by draught animals, wind, or water. Now historical.Recorded earliest in gin pit n. at Compounds 2.horse-gin, water gin, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > winch or capstan
windas1293
wind1399
windlassc1400
fern1546
stow?1549
capstock1551
winch1577
draw-beam1585
wind-beam1585
winder1585
capstring1609
crab1627
guindall1628
gin1632
Jack1686
screw engine1688
twirl1688
moulineta1706
jack roll1708
wind-lifta1734
whim1738
stowce1747
whim-engine1759
macaroni gin1789
whimsy1789
winze1839
jack roller1843
wink1847
winding engine1858
fusee-windlass1874
come-along1891
1632 Surv. Dovegang Mine (P.R.O.: DL 44/1121) Howe farre round about from the Ginn pitt of the said dougange the ground doth extend wch is wthin the Compasse and possibility of drayninge by the Sough to be made.
1633–6 Acct. (P.R.O. E134/12CHAS1/MICH3) 9 Godfry Jeffery for 3 dayes at yegin.
1675 J. Ogilby Itinerarium Angliæ (Road from Ferrybridge to Boroughbridge, right-hand strip) A Cole mine ginn.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iii. 148 They draw it [sc. the water] up by Gin... The Gin is always work't by Horses.
1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 8 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) [The Blast] may..tear up your Timber Work and shatter the Gins.
?1794 Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 5 Science 270 With these ginns or vertical wheels both water and coals were drawn from the pits.
1803 W. Tennant Indian Recreat. II. 168 The cattle are not driven in a gin as ours; but retire away from the well, and return to its mouth.
1862 S. Smiles Lives Engineers III. 9 The gin consists of a large drum placed horizontally round which ropes attached to buckets and corves are wound, which are thus drawn up or sent down the shafts.
1921 Coal Age 27 Oct. 685/2 Will Coal Age kindly suggest a plan or arrangement that will afford the greatest efficiency in hoisting coal from a shaft, by means of a whim or gin?
2000 P. W. B. Semmens & A. J. Goldfinch How Steam Locomotives really Work i. 8 Watt also pioneered the ‘rotative’ steam engine, a machine needed to supplement the horse-powered ‘gins’ used to haul the minerals out of the deeper mines.
†9. A machine used for driving piles; esp. one in which a weight is repeatedly raised to a height and dropped on the pile. Obsolete.Recorded earliest in gin-boat n. at Compounds 2.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > driving or beating tools > [noun] > pile-drivers
wilkin1495
rammer1538
gin1682
pile engine1754
piling engine1763
piledriver1766
ringing engine1837
postdriver1857
1682 J. Collins Salt & Fishery 21 Of Banking in, and Recovering the Ground. This is to be performed by aid of Ginn-Boats, to drive into the Mud rows of Trees, and Posts sharpened at the Lower end.
a1689 H. Cholmley Acct. Tangier (1787) 154 All haste was made in finishing the tarrace mill, and the gin to drive piles.
1750 T. R. Blanckley Naval Expositor at Monkey A Block made of Iron with a Catch, made use of in Ginns for driving Piles.
1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. II. 106/1 The gin is connected with a very large fly,..allowing the horses to lean on it during the descent of the load.
1901 Engin. News 17 Oct. 282/2 The gin is fitted with a Warrington steam pile hammer manufactured by the Vulcan Iron Works of Chicago.
10. A machine used to remove the seeds from cotton, typically having one or more rollers which pinch the seeds away from the lint, or a revolving cylinder of toothed discs or saws which pull the lint from the seeds; = cotton gin n. at cotton n.1 Compounds 3. Also: a building or plant where cotton is ginned.roller gin, saw gin, etc.: see the first element.American inventor and arms manufacturer Eli Whitney (1765–1825) is credited with inventing the first version of this machine capable of processing cotton on an industrial scale.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing cotton > [noun] > separating seed > machine for
gin1740
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing cotton > [noun] > separating seed > place for
gin1740
gin house1796
ginning house1819
ginnery1852
1740 W. Stephens Jrnl. 26 Mar. in Jrnl. Proc. Georgia (1742) II. 325 The Cotton is..so full of Seeds, that it cannot be cleansed by the ordinary Way of a Gin.
1784 J. F. D. Smyth Tour U.S.A. II. lii. 44 There is a more expeditious method of picking cotton by a machine called a gin, which however breaks many of the seeds amongst the cotton, and renders it of less value than what is picked by hand.
1817 J. Bradbury Trav. Amer. 271 There are public gins established in almost every part, to which a planter may take his cotton, and have it cleaned and packed.
1854 J. D. Hooker Himalayan Jrnls. II. xxvi. 237 The cotton is cleansed here, as elsewhere, by a simple gin.
1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 198 These cotton seeds are then sent to a mill, where by means of a peculiar apparatus called a gin, the cotton is separated from them.
1937 Life 13 Sept. 101/2 (advt.) You will see cotton fresh from the gin being felted into soft padding.
2013 R. Sui & J. A. Thomasson in Q. Zhang & F. J. Pierce Agric. Automation vi. 136 A machine used to compress seed cotton into rectangular packages (modules) for temporary field storage and easy transport to the gin.
11. Nautical. A pulley block typically consisting of a wheel encased in a small cruciform or T-shaped frame, and with a hook allowing it to be suspended from a yardarm, bulkhead, or other fixed point; = gin block n. (b) at Compounds 2. Now historical.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > tackle or purchase > [noun] > for hoisting things into or out of ship
garnet1485
derrick1756
stay-tackle1815
gin1836
gadget1891
1836 W. N. Glascock Naval Service I. 274 In some ships, the jib and fore-top-stay-sail halliards are rove through gins fitted for the purpose.
1865 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 3) 60 The chain is led through a gin under the quarter of the lower yard.
1901 A. M. Knight Mod. Seamanship vi. 61 Gin-blocks, or gins, are iron pulleys (single) of large diameter mounted in skeleton frames also of iron. Used chiefly for hoisting cargo, commonly with a wire-rope pendant.
1987 D. J. House Seamanship Techniques I. iv. 98 Coaling ships..regularly employed a gin as a head block.
1997 W. L. Crothers Amer.-built Clipper Ship xxx. 482 Two gins were shackled to the middle of the yard.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in senses 8 and 11).
gin pulley n. rare (now historical)
ΚΠ
1801 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 1 Aug. To be sold by Auction..Part of a Timber Carriage, with a Gin Pulley and Rope.
1959 Horizon (Rhodesian Select. Trust) Apr. 11/3 One man with a bottle of liquor would be hoisted up to the gin pulley to the tune of ‘Whisky for my Johnnie’.
gin rope n. now rare
ΚΠ
1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 91 Gynne rope with an hoke of iren.
1547 in Acts Privy Council (1890) II. 447 Gynne ropes, j coyle.
1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. ii. at Gin Three Pullies of Brass, over which comes a Rope..called the Gin-Rope.
1940 Republican-Courier (Findlay, Ohio) 16 Feb. 12/2 The gin rope was lowered into the hold..and soon it came up with a fish at least ten feet long attached to it by the tail.
gin tackle n. (chiefly in form gyn tackle) Military and Nautical
ΚΠ
1820 J. Renwick tr. H. Lallemand Treat. Artillery 234 Lower the grappling, and hook the gun behind the trunnions; hook on to the gin tackle, take the number of turns necessary round the roll, and heave up.
1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 317 A gyn tackle consists of one triple and one double block: the fall is fixed to the double.
2014 D. J. House Seamanship Techniques (ed. 4) v. 143 Calculate the stress on the hauling part of a gyn tackle rove to disadvantage (3 and 2, sheaves), and used to lift a load of one tonne.
C2.
gin band n. now rare a belt used to rotate the cylinder or cylinders of a cotton gin.Quot. 1820 shows a compound of cotton gin denoting the same piece of equipment.
ΚΠ
1820 Orleans Gaz. & Commerc. Advertiser (New Orleans) 23 Mar. The subscribers have for sale..on accommodating terms:..Cotton Gin Bands.]
1826 Natchez (Mississippi) Gaz. 2 Sept. Leather..Gin Bands, ready for Gins.
1855 Florida Plant. Rec. 518 Received one Gin band from the Tallahassee R. R. Depot.
1957 U.S. Patent 2,812,708 6 The original gin bands..are of greater length than those to be required in the re-banding operation.
† gin beam n. Mining Obsolete the cross beam which bears the hoisting apparatus of a gin (sense 8b).
ΚΠ
1860 Birmingham Daily Post 14 Nov. 1/4 To be sold..lot of Pit Timber, Gin Beam, Wheel, and appendages.
1910 Trans. Mining & Geol. Inst. India 5 26 The numerous upright brick pillars in the Raniganj district that formerly supported the Gin Beam.
gin block n. †(a) a pulley block used with a raising gin (sense 8a) (obsolete); (b) a pulley block that has a hook allowing it to be suspended (= sense 11).
ΚΠ
1777 St. James's Chron. 6 Nov. The Lieutenant-General and the Rest of the principal Officers of his Majesty's Ordnance give Notice, that they will sell by public Auction..Standing Vices, Iron Gyn Blocks.
a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 969/2 Gin-block, a tackle block with a hook to swing from the gib of a crane or from the sheer of a gin.
2005 D. Diss Dizzy xiv. 130 Another boy and I, by the hatch, worked the running end of the rope. It dropped vertically from the gin block in the deckhead above us and down through the hatch to the magazine, a few decks down.
† gin-boat n. Obsolete rare a boat carrying a gin used for driving piles; see sense 9.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels with other specific uses > [noun] > boat carrying pile-driver
gin-boat1682
1682 J. Collins Salt & Fishery 21 Of Banking in, and Recovering the Ground. This is to be performed by aid of Ginn-Boats, to drive into the Mud rows of Trees, and Posts sharpened at the Lower end.
† gin-hole n. Obsolete a hole in the ground where a gin (sense 8 or 9) has stood.
ΚΠ
1632 J. Taylor On Thame Isis sig. Biv And Sunning locke the groundsill is too high, Besides two Gin-holes that are very bad And Sunning bridge much need of mending had.
gin-horse n. now historical a horse that works a gin (sense 8b), a mill-horse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > that turns a piece of machinery
mill-horsec1443
mill-jade1612
whip-horse1677
gin-horse1693
whim-horse1759
well-horse1894
1693 W. Gilpin Let. 29 May in D. R. Hainsworth Corr. J. Lowther (1983) 27 I understand..your first intentions of managing the ginn-horses by such common undertakers as would do it cheapest.
1793 R. Burns Let. Dec. (2003) II. 265 There is a species of the Human genus that I call, the Gin-horse Class... Round, & round,..they go..without an idea or wish beyond their circle.
1828 T. Carlyle Burns in Edinb. Rev. Dec. 311 This orbit may be..the circle of a ginhorse.
1950 A. H. John Industr. Devel. S. Wales iii. 81 Ann Robins obtained 8d. a day for driving the gin-horse.
2000 T. Ingold Perception Environment iii. xv. 308 There is little difference in principle between the oarsmen of the Roman slave-galley..and the gin-horses.
gin mill n. a cotton mill where a cotton gin is used.
ΚΠ
1875 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches New & Old 46 The idea of a pavement in a one horse town composed of two gin mills, a blacksmith's shop, and that mustardplaster of a newspaper, the Daily Hurrah!
?1957 R. Lax Let. 13 Dec. in A. W. Biddle When Prophecy still had Voice (2001) iii. 143 Cotton Mather invented the gin-mill. This was called the unlustrious resolution: more cuttin, more mathers, more resolutions, and more gin-mills.
2011 M. B. Bush Sweet Hope 51 The gin mill clanged, and it was like hammers banging against their chests.
† gin net n. Obsolete a net laid in order to catch a prey; (also) a fishing net.
ΚΠ
1784 Mod. Part Universal Hist. XXXVIII. viii. 313 He had prepared a kind of gin-nets, or toils, in which they were to be catched alive.
1883 Contemp. Rev. Sept. 355 He may dexterously and quickly lay a gin-net.
1911 Fisheries U.S. 1908 (U.S. Dept. Commerce & Labor) 214 Seines and gin nets were used in the capture of nearly the entire product.
gin pit n. Mining (now historical) a shaft out of which material is drawn by a gin (sense 8b).
ΚΠ
1632 Surv. Dovegang Mine (P.R.O.: DL 44/1121) Howe farre round about from the Ginn pitt of the said dougange the ground doth extend wch is wthin the Compasse and possibility of drayninge by the Sough to be made.
1809 Tradesman Aug. 115 In general, the engine and gin-pits are round, and about twelve feet wide.
2005 Jrnl. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 30 May 9 Our latest developments, a fine Masonic Temple, an early 1800s gin pit and a replica of the Puffing Billy locomotive, are on schedule.
gin pole n. †(a) each of the poles comprising the legs of a gin (sense 8a) (obsolete rare); (b) originally and chiefly U.S. a pole, beam, etc., used for hoisting, typically fitted with a rope and pulley at one end and held steady at an angle by ropes.
ΚΠ
1792 Times 2 Mar. A good set of Gin Poles; a complete set Brass-sheathed Pullies;..a Timber Jack; 100 Pair of new Oak Wedges.
1835 E. Gilbert Youth's Catechetical Gram. 22 The men raised the heavy timbers of the Church with ropes and pullies suspended on a gin-pole.
1993 Westcoast Logger Feb. 14/1 After the spar tree is raised, the gin pole is no longer required.
2016 Corsicana (Texas) Daily Sun (Nexis) 11 Aug. (State and Regional News section) He would even move people from one cemetery plot to another, using his truck with the gin pole on it.
gin pump n. Mining (now historical) a gin used to pump water out of a mine shaft; cf. sense 8b.
ΚΠ
a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) 165 The Gin-pump of Mostyn Coal-pits.
1879 Rep. Inspectors of Mines Pennsylvania 1878 (Ex. Doc. No. 10) x. 148 in Governor's Message & Rep. Heads of Dept. Pennsylvania 1878–9: Pt. 2 A pumpman, employed in the Park Coal Company's slope,..was on his way out with a certain bolt belonging to a gin-pump which he had charge of.
2003 Links (Newcomen Soc.) June 7/1 Gin pumps were in general use in the 17th century for pumping water out of wells and mines.
gin race n. now historical the circle or track in which a gin-horse moves.
ΚΠ
1835 J. Holland Hist. & Descr. Fossil Fuel, Collieries, & Coal Trade ix. 185 The formation of what is called the gin-race, or circular track in which the horse attached to the machine travels.
1898 R. L. Galloway Ann. Coal Mining 168 The horse-track, or ‘gin race,’ was round the mouth of the pit.
1966 Cave Sci. Oct. 460 In 1857 the Barmaster laid out ground for a gin race at Ash Nursery Mine, as a circle of 42 ft. diameter, ‘round a stake 20 ft. from the shaft’.
1995 M. Smith in C. Brontë Lett. I. 188 The animal moved in a circular ‘gin-race’.
gin-ring n. now historical and rare = gin race n.
ΚΠ
1838 Morning Post 20 Oct. Gin-ring, two dwelling-houses, smithy, and stable with two horses, all of which were carried down with the ground to a considerable depth.
1888 3rd Ann. Rep. State Inspector Coal Mines 1887 (Kansas Coal Mine Inspection Department) 32 The gin-ring of this mine has been covered in, and part of the shaft retimbered.
1995 M. Smith in C. Brontë Lett. I. 188 The animal moved in a circular ‘gin-race’ or ‘gin-ring’.
gin roller n. a rotating cylinder used in a roller gin (roller gin n.), which typically feeds the cotton across a blade or (esp. when operating as one of a pair) pinches the seeds away from the lint.
ΚΠ
1806 Med. Repository 2nd Hexade 4 222 Metallic fluted gin rollers, for cleaning cotton, Gurdon F. Saltonstall, Sept. 2 [1801].
a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 969/2 Another [gin] has a roller-knife acting in combination with a gin-roller.
1998 Textile Technol. Digest Jan. 10/2 Researchers developed a mote grooving device to cut and maintain mote grooves in gin rollers.
gin saw n. any of a series of toothed metal discs arranged in the form of a cylinder and used to draw cotton through the comb-like grid of a cotton gin.Quot. 1821 shows a compound of cotton gin denoting the same piece of equipment.
ΚΠ
1821 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Sept. (advt.) Cotton Gin Saws, made to any pattern or order.]
1833 Mechanics' Mag. (N.Y.) June 336/1 Every variety of saws—cast steel mill, pit, and cross-cut saws..; circular saws, in whole plates or in segments; and gin saws.
2007 Jrnl. Cotton Sci. 11 81/1 A driven rotating seed finger mechanism..was developed to improve the presentation of the cotton to the gin saws.
† gin shears n. (in form gyn sheers) Military and Nautical Obsolete a portable hoisting apparatus consisting of two poles fastened together at the top, where a rope and pulley are suspended, and held erect in a sloping position by ropes and (usually) a third pole; cf. shear n.1 4.
ΚΠ
1876 G. Will & J. C. Dalton Artillerist's Hand-bk Ref. 273 They [sc. sheers] are used to raise heavy ordnance, weights, &c., and there are three natures, viz., ordinary sheers, lever sheers, and gyn sheers.
1911 Garrison Artillery Training (new ed.) III. xxi. §164. 307 Gyn sheers, that is, sheers in which the cheeks of a gyn are substituted for spars, are frequently used because they are generally at hand, quickly rigged and light.
gin stand n. a frame supporting the machinery of a cotton gin; the gin and its frame as a unit.
ΚΠ
1819 Mississippi State Gaz. 10 Apr. A Quantity of Cotton Gin Irons, and a few Gin Stands are left by the subscriber with Messrs. Rutherford, Fisk & McNeill.
1835 J. H. Ingraham South-West II. 288 A broad band, which passes over and turns the cylinder and brush of the gin-stand alone.
1917 Weekly Underwriter 3 Nov. 593/2 When the lint cotton reaches the brush box of the gin stand it is pulled off the saws by the rapidly revolving drum.
2013 R. Sui & J. A. Thomasson in Q. Zhang & F. J. Pierce Agric. Automation vi. 138 A modern high-speed gin stand is able to gin 20 bales (4540 kg lint) per hour.
gin trap n. a mechanical trap with (frequently serrated) spring-operated jaws designed to catch an animal or human by the leg.
ΚΠ
1819 Champion & Sunday Rev. 24 Jan. 49/1 When the thunder roars, he believes it to be the squeaking of a mouse in a gin-trap.
1833 J. Newborn Monthly Visitor 50 By it I do depart from evil here, And shun the tempter's gin-trap, net and snare.
1970 in D. Tangye Cornish Summer i. 9 We once helped to nurse a badger back to health after it had been caught in a gin trap.
2007 R. Lovegrove Silent Fields iv. 152 Gin traps (outlawed in 1958 but still used illegally throughout the rest of the century) and other Rabbit traps were a known cause for the deaths of many Choughs.
gin wheel n. (a) the wheel or windlass of a gin used for hoisting; cf. senses 8, 11; (b) (in a cotton gin) a wheel or cylinder of toothed metal discs or brushes; cf. gin saw n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > shear-legs or gin > drum of
gin wheel1760
1760 G. Holland Let. Inhabitants Leics. 5 Also a new pit-frame and pullies; together with a gin wheel, and roof set up.
1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iv. vii. 248 Has..your half-alive avaricious Cotton-Law Lord, never seen one such?.. These are they, the elect of the world;..set to grind in darkness at its poor gin-wheel!
1862 S. Smiles Lives Engineers I. 323 The old methods of the gin-wheel and tub, and the chain pump had been tried.
1999 J. Y. Shakoor Civil Rights Childhood 72 Emmett was told to pick up the gin wheel and carry it to the river bank.
2005 tr. Planning & Installing Solar Thermal Syst. iv. 88 General steel scaffolding..can support hoist or gin wheel for lifting collector.
gin wright n. now historical a mechanic who installs and repairs cotton gins or (in early use) gins used for hoisting.
ΚΠ
1793 H. G. Macnab Lett W. Pitt Taxes on Coal 18 Above ground—Blacksmiths sixty, engine and gin wrights, sixty.
1930 Alphab. Index Occup.: 15th Census (U.S. Bureau Census) 210 Gin wright.
2012 J. D. Rothman Flush Times iv. 144 His work as a gin wright often meant going where the machinery was.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† ginn.2

Forms: 1600s ginn, 1600s jinn, 1700s gin.
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Jinn.
Etymology: < Jinn, female forename, shortened < Jinny , variant of Jenny (see jenny n. and compare ginny n.).
Obsolete. rare.
A female ferret. Cf. jill n. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Mustela (weasel) > mustela furo (ferret) > female
gin1688
jill1851
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 136/1 A Ferret, the Hob the Male, Ginn, or Jinn, the female.

Phrases

Gin of all trades a woman who can turn her hand to all kinds of work. [After Jack of all trades n. or perhaps John-of-all-trades n. at John n. Compounds 1a.]
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > [noun] > odd-job or handyman > female
Gin of all trades1705
little woman1865
1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy i. iii. 14 Dick. Who is this good Woman, Flippanta? Flip. A Gin of all Trades; an old daggling Cheat.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

ginn.3

Brit. /dʒɪn/, U.S. /dʒɪn/
Forms: 1700s ginn, 1700s jin, 1700s– gin.
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: genever n.
Etymology: Shortened < genever n. (compare the variants at that entry).With Hollands gin (see note at definition) compare Hollands geneva at Hollands n. and also Dutch Hollandse jenever (1788 or earlier as Hollandsche jenever : see Hollands n.).
1.
a. A colourless to pale straw coloured alcoholic spirit distilled from grain or malt and flavoured with juniper berries and a variety of herbs and spices. Cf. genever n.Gin was originally made by Dutch distillers in the late sixteenth cent.; this highly flavoured aromatic drink (known in Dutch as genever, and in English now referred to as Hollands gin, Hollands or simply Dutch gin) is still produced in the Netherlands and usually drunk neat. In the mid 18th cent. a less coarse, more subtly flavoured gin began to be produced in London (hence known as London gin); this is usually used as the basis for mixed drinks and cocktails, and is now the most usual form of the drink.Various mixed drinks containing gin are mentioned in the Phrases section of this entry; see also gin and tonic n., pink gin n. at pink n.5 and adj.2 Compounds 2c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > gin > [noun]
bottled lightning1713
gin1713
royal bob1722
diddle1725
strike-fire1725
tittery1725
max1728
maxim1739
strip-me-naked1751
eye-water1755
sky blue1755
lightning1781
Jacky1800
ribbon1811
Daffy's elixir1821
sweet-stuff1835
tiger's milk1850
juniper1857
cream of the wilderness1858
satin1864
Twankay1900
panther1931
mother's ruin1933
needle and pin1937
1713 Let. from Dick Estcourt 29 I took a turn in the Prado, and drunk a Dram of Royal Gin with the Dutchess of Portsmouth.
1720 Epist. to W. Morley 11 But now with Mulso and Champaign, Instead of Gin, inspire our Brain.
1723 B. Mandeville Fable Bees (ed. 2) i. 86 The infamous Liquor, the name of which deriv'd from Juniper-Berries in Dutch, is now, by frequent use..from a word of midling length shrunk into a Monosyllable, Intoxicating Gin.
1729 J. Swift Jrnl. Dublin Lady 5 Their Chattering makes a louder din Than Fish-wives o'er a Cup of Ginn.
1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight 8 This..hurls the Thunder of the Laws on Gin [Note. A spirituous liquor, the exorbitant use of which had almost destroyed the lowest rank of the People till it was restrained by an act of Parliament in 1736].
1786 Crit. Rev. June 443 He,..worked himself into a brown humour, that is likely to last to his dying day, if wine and gin, copiously drank, do not help to remove it.
1839 T. Carlyle Chartism iv. 35 Gin..; liquid Madness sold at ten-pence the quartern.
1862 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. iii. 95 It is under the influence of gin and brandy, much more than of beer or wine, that bodily diseases arise.
1875 F. T. Buckland Log-bk. Fisherman 85 She was full length, in water as clear as gin.
1922 F. S. Fitzgerald Beautiful & Damned i. iii. 86 He wheeled out the little rolling-table that held his supply of liquor, selecting vermuth, gin, and absinthe for a proper stimulant.
1973 E. E. Aldrin & W. Warga Return to Earth iv. 100 We had in mind bourbon, but he came back with gin.
2015 Manch. Evening News (Nexis) 29 Dec. 10 Gin crawl, anyone? Manchester has no shortage of places to indulge in a little mother's ruin.
b. A drink or glass of gin.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > gin > [noun] > a drink of
flash of lightning1789
spencer1804
streak of lightning1839
gin1922
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. x. [Wandering Rocks] 229 A small gin, sir.
1938 G. Greene Brighton Rock i. i. 5 He only felt his loneliness after his third gin.
1954 K. Williams Diary 8 Sept. (1993) 104 He insisted on giving me five gins at his club, and I returned to Marchmont Street feeling quite inebriated.
1987 P. Wright & P. Greengrass Spycatcher xv. 220 He poured himself another gin, playing for time.
2004 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 17 Jan. (Weekend section) 18 Our own cheery chappy is straight down to business when we order a gin.
2. colloquial (originally U.S.). Short for gin rummy n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > rummy, etc.
rum1871
coon-can1889
panguingue1904
rummy1910
pan1935
gin rummy1937
Michigan rum1942
Oklahoma rummy1945
gin1946
canasta1948
Oklahoma1948
1946 G. Kanin Born Yesterday i. 42 She couldn't play gin till I learned her. Now she beats my brains out.
1949 Brownsville (Texas) Herald 25 Feb. 7/2 He sat down for a quick game of gin.
1959 M. Dolinsky There is no Silence i. 5 I was trying to salvage an incredible gin hand.
1977 D. Armstrong Win at Gin & Poker i. 5 Anyone who can tell one suit from another can learn to play Gin in less than five minutes.
2014 H. Reitman Aspertools x. 72 Our fathers played gin together twice a week.

Phrases

P1. In the names of various mixed drinks containing gin, as gin-and-bitters, gin-and-orange, gin and water, etc.
ΚΠ
1766 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 184/2 Here drink your Gin and Bitters, rave and moan.
1769 London Mag. Jan. 17/2 A draught of warm slender gin and water will be beneficial.
1802 Sporting Mag. 20 224 Thunder and lightning (i.e. gin and bitters).
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxxvi. 298 Mr. Bumble..drank his gin-and-water in silence.
1862 J. Thomas How to mix Drinks 79 Gin and Wormwood... Put three or four sprigs of wormwood into a quart decanter, and fill up with gin.
1880 Barman's Man. 56 [Recipe for making] Gin and Tansy.
1941 Life 25 Aug. 36/3 Marines and sailors..learning to stomach the British drink of gin and water.
1950 J. Cannan Murder Included i. 5 He himself took a sip of gin-and-orange.
1975 M. Amis Dead Babies xiii. 67 By 12.30, Giles had consumed..two gin-and-bitters, and one gin.
2013 Time Out N.Y. 5 Dec. 23/1 The gin-and-ginger Tête de Mule..is so twee.
P2.
gin and fog n. colloquial a hoarse, gravelly voice, as though the result of heavy drinking; also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [adjective] > hoarse or husky
hoarsec1000
stoppedc1485
hoarsy1570
croaking1608
throaty1647
furred1666
rouped1677
gruffa1712
cracked1739
roupy1756
hoarsened1798
gruffish1812
gin and fog1842
grasshoppery1849
croaky1851
feathery1881
tonsilly1894
wine-tasting1936
gravelly1944
gravelled1958
1842 Punch 2 237/1 A voice something between a raven and a nutmeg-grater—all gin and fog.
1947 C. Witting Let X be Murderer xiii. 133 His voice was of the hoarse variety known as gin-and-fog.
1999 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 31 Dec. (Weekend Arts section) 5 Who could resist that gin and fog voice with its icy ripple of frosty regret?
P3.
gin and French n. a cocktail of gin and French (dry) vermouth.
ΚΠ
1930 E. Mannin Confessions & Impressions xii. 177 Tearle replied that gin-and-French and virginian cigarettes would do for him.
1954 G. Smith Flaw in Crystal xv. 138 They boisterously asked me to join them, and I had a gin and French.
2001 C. Fowler Devil in Me 10 A girl dressed as a giant sequinned jellyfish popped out to order a gin and French.
gin and it n. (also gin and It) [ < gin n.3 + and conj.1 + it n.2] a cocktail of gin and Italian (sweet) vermouth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > cocktail > [noun] > gin cocktail
gin sling1790
thunder and lightning1802
Tom Collins1876
Martini1884
silver-fizz1901
pahit1902
pink gin1903
Clover Club1925
gimlet1928
gin and it1929
pink lady1929
Alexander1930
Gibson1930
silver bullet1930
Singapore sling1930
White Lady1930
pink1942
negroni1947
pinkers1961
dirty martini1991
1929 P. Hamilton Midnight Bell iv. 19 The lady was doubtful, but at last decided on Guinness, and the gentleman wanted a Gin and It.
1960 K. Amis Take Girl like You xix. 229 Her lighter and chocolates and gin-and-its with two cherries on sticks.
2004 J. McCourt Queer Street xviii. 293 Nursing a warm gin and It and smoking a Balkan Sobranie stuck in a long ebony cigarette holder.
gin and Jag n. (also gin-and-Jaguar) British colloquial (frequently depreciative) attributive relating to or denoting wealthy English middle-class people characterized as drinking gin and driving luxury cars such as Jaguars, or the residential areas (esp. the Home Counties around London) where they live.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [adjective] > middle-class or bourgeois > characteristic of
bourgeois1764
middle class1846
chintzy1851
middle-classy1926
gin and Jag1963
white bread1977
1963 Irish Times 9 Nov. 14/6 The population is being drawn to within an area of 70 miles of London, sometimes known as the ‘Gin and Jaguar’ belt.
1969 Sunday Tel. 16 Mar. 3/3 (headline) The ‘gin and Jag’ rebels.
1997 Independent 12 Mar. i. 2/2 Alan Bleasdale..has turned from gritty social commentary to the gin and Jag set for Channel 4's big spring drama.
2000 Independent 4 Feb. i. 9/1 Woldingham, a sleepy Surrey village in the heart of what is often known as the ‘gin and Jag’ belt.

Compounds

C1.
a.
(a) General attributive, as gin case, gin riot, etc.
ΚΠ
1807 H. Bolingbroke Voy. Demerary xi. 219 Two or three empty gin cases, whose flasks were converted into water bottles.
1839 T. Carlyle Chartism iv. 35 A murky-simmering Tophet, of copperas-fumes, cotton-fuz, gin-riot, wrath and toil.
1872 D. Burns Bases of Temperance Reform iv. 93 The gin-cask or beer-barrel with its plenipotentiality of physical and moral woe!
1940 F. B. Young City of Gold 365 A bucksail tent furnished with a counter of empty Rynbende gin-cases.
1990 Econ. Hist. Rev. 43 394 The London gin riots of 1736 are a good example of the Englishman's impatience with government attempts to stem the flow of available alcohol.
2015 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 28 Nov. (Features section) 3 Surprise gin box sourced from independent distillers in the UK and around the world. £40 per month.
(b)
gin bottle n.
ΚΠ
?1701 Burning Shame (single sheet) On examining her Pockets she found they had robb'd her of her Pocket Gin-bottle.
1830 M. R. Mitford Our Village IV. 104 Our drover could never resist the gentle seduction of the gin-bottle.
1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 60 A quart of draught beer in a square-faced gin bottle.
2014 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 12 Dec. (Features section) 33 Hang on a minute, Emm, where's the pile of empty gin bottles?
b. attributive. Designating drinks containing gin, as gin cocktail, gin toddy, etc.
ΚΠ
1729 Gloucester Jrnl. 4 Nov. (advt.) It is to be hoped the Gamesters will find better Encouragement than stinking Beef, and Gin-Punch.
?1740 Full Acct. Melancholly Disappointment (single sheet) Paying for the Punch and Gin Grog which his Friends Drank.
1774 J. S. Dodd tr. T. Marryat All Prescriptions contained in New Pract. Physic xxiii. 53 In the fit take,..rum or gin toddy, made weak.
1824 Atlantic Mag. Sept. 386 Fare thee well, Harry!—For thou wast the kindest soul that ever poted a gin cock-tail.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. ix. 213 Flashman had been regaling himself on gin-punch.
1874 A. P. Bentley Hist. Abduction William Morgan 44 They stopped at a public house on the way kept by a mason, where they all took a gin cocktail, and ate some red herrings.
1947 K. Eskelund My Danish Father vii. 83 I figured you needed a gin-bitters—you looked so sad.
1958 J. A. Beard in House & Garden Oct. 172/3 Simply make a gin toddy (with or without the lemon) and grate a little nutmeg on top.
1987 Black Enterprise Dec. 108/1 If yours is a warm-weather holiday, try this Gin Punch.
2016 Irish Daily Mail (Nexis) 27 Feb. (Features section) 44 Must try: Afternoon tea in any of the hotels and a gin cocktail from the Canary Bar.
c. Instrumental and objective, as gin-drinker, gin-smuggling, gin-drunk, etc.
ΚΠ
1734 S. Buck Geneva 5 Tea does in some measure occasion the drinking of Gin, many flying to her for Cure of the Vapours and Spleen; yet I cannot look upon such as true Gin-Drinkers.
1736 in Coll. Pamphlets Pro & Con Brit. Distillery 10 The necessary Effects of Gin-Drinking are a Depravation of Appetite, Vomiting, Relaxation of the Coats of the Stomach.
1748 D. Mallet Congratulatory Let. to Selim 11 A ragged Gin-drunk old Apple-woman.
1755 Man No. 13. ⁋8 She proving a vixen, a gilt, and a gin-drinker.
1839 T. Carlyle Chartism ii. 13 The labourer's..unrest, recklessness, gin-drinking.
1859 Ld. Lytton Wanderer (ed. 2) 292 That gin-drinking hag.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 278 The prevention of gin smuggling.
1941 P. Larkin Let. 16 Sept. in Sel. Lett. (1992) 21 Their playing is nervous & tense and dirty—exemplified by Mezzrow, the dope-taker, or Tough, the gin-drinker.
1965 B. Took & M. Feldman in B. Took & M. Coward Best of ‘Round the Horne’ (2000) 1st Ser. Programme 11. 38/2 Your Queen Mother? That gin-swigging slagheap!
1987 Toronto Star (Nexis) 1Apr. d4 The two-fisted, gin-drinking womanizing master of the pianoforte has been dead 44 years.
2016 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 28 Feb. (Living section) 5 It happened when I was researching a gin smuggler..for another book.
d. Similative.
gin-bright adj. (chiefly of water) shiny, radiant; very clear.
ΚΠ
1890 Fishing Gaz. 25 Oct. 211/2 The Thames now is absolutely gin-bright, and the fish have become exceedingly shy.
1908 W. P. Westell Country Rambles 191 The silver sheen on the Willows by the gin-bright water very noticeable.
1985 P. Carey Illywhacker ii. li. 348 When we stumbled out into the gin-bright street she liked Nathan enough to kiss him.
2005 P. Mitchell Out of Orchard 46 Products can be..‘Bone-dry’ through to sweet; ‘Gin-bright’ or naturally cloudy.
gin-clear adj. (esp. of water) perfectly clear.
ΚΠ
1880 Bell's Life in London 5 June 11/3 Large shoals of barbel have been observed grubbing and grouting on the bottom, in the late gin-clear water.
1894 Daily News 15 Oct. 3/5 The Suffolk Stour is ‘gin-clear’, and fish are off the feed there.
1976 Newmarket Jrnl. 16 Dec. 46/1 The water level was low, gin clear and running off steadily.
2016 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 9 Jan. (Traveller section) 26 I'd landed at Male airport just before midnight.., then sleep-walked over gin-clear water to my over-water villa.
C2.
Gin Act n. British (now historical) one of several Acts of Parliament passed in the 18th cent. to control the sale of gin.The Gin Acts of 1729 and esp. 1736 raised the retail tax on the sale of gin; after public protest the latter was repealed in 1743. The Gin Act of 1751 eliminated small gin shops, thereby restricting the distribution of gin to larger distillers.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > types of laws > [noun] > commercial or revenue
sizea1300
assizea1330
indiction1586
poll bill1641
frumentarian law1652
statute of the staple1657
statute of frauds1678
Gin Act1730
Pot Act1733
Stamp Act1765
Stamp-Bill1765
corn law1766
Bumboat Act1796
Maine law1852
permissive bill1864
lemon law1981
1730 H. Fielding Rape upon Rape iii. iii. 32 Truly, since this Gin Act, Trade hath been so dull, that I have often wished my Husband would live by the Highway himself, instead of taking Highwaymen.
1736 Addr. to People Late Acts Parl. 8 This Act, commonly called the Gin Act;..and Two other Acts;..were the last Day of the Term, in Westminster-Hall,..made up in a Parcel.
1777 in Ld. Chesterfield Misc. Wks. I. 242 Lord Chesterfield's first speech on the Gin act, February 21, 1743.
1865 Macmillan's Mag. Mar. 485/2 The Gin Act became more and more unpopular, until, after a very unsatisfactory trial of six years, the prohibition duties were repealed.
1999 J. Burnett Liquid Pleasures viii. 164 The Gin Act was fairly easily evaded by disguising gin with some addition such as wine.
gin berry n. a juniper berry.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > juniper berry
gin berry1825
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > juniper berry
juniper1578
gin berry1825
1825 Supporter, & Scioto (Ohio) Gaz. 17 Nov. (advt.) Logwood; camwood; gin berries.
1839 Z. Leonard Narr. Adventures 39 On the South side, where grows a kind of Juniper or Gin shrub, bearing a berry tasting similar to gin. Here we passed the night without any thing to eat except these gin berries.
1941 D. T. Farnham Embattled Male in Garden xi. 205 You can gather..green branches of juniper with the aromatic gin-berries attached.
2011 Stroud Life (Nexis) 7 Dec. The gin berry is being saved from extinction on Painswick Beacon. Conservation charity Plantlife is toasting the success of its efforts to save the juniper.
gin-crawl n. see crawl n.1 b.
gin craze n. a craze for drinking gin; esp. a period in the early 18th cent. when the consumption of gin increased rapidly in Great Britain, provoking moral indignation and various legislative attempts to control it.
ΚΠ
1911 L. P. Bowler Gold Coast Palaver xvi. 86 Cannibalism is accentuated by the gin craze.
1933 Harvard Graduates Mag. Sept. 38 Eventually, at the peak of the so-called Gin Craze, the total reached more than eleven million gallons per annum.
1959 R. Wilson Sc. made Easy vi. 82 The 1743 Act tried to check rather than prohibit the gin craze.
2009 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 25/3 The bridge between the sweeter Holland gin that launched the gin craze in the 18th century and the London Dry that typically goes in your martini today.
gin daisy n. originally and chiefly U.S. a cocktail made with gin, lemon juice, and (usually) grenadine.
ΚΠ
1887 Secret Out 18 May 214/1 We sat with a list of those drinks before us, and we chose a Gin Daisy, a Rattlesnake, and a Denver Sour.
1934 El Paso (Texas) Herald-Post 3 Sept. 4/3 I was..drinking whisky sours and gin daisies with Ray and Bill and Mr. Murdoch.
2003 P. Martin Mammoth Bk. Cocktails iv. 225 Gin Daisy, 2oz. Gin, 1oz. Lemon Juice, ½ tsp. powdered Sugar, 1 dash Grenadine.
† gin door n. Obsolete rare the entrance to a gin palace (gin palace n.).
ΚΠ
1817 1st Rep. Comm. State Police Metropolis 190 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 233) VII. Some of the justices particularly objected against this gin door.
1850 E. B. Browning Poems (new ed.) II. 191 The gin-door's oath, that hollowly chinks Guilt upon grief.
gin drinker's liver n. (also gin drinkers' liver, gin drinkers liver) now historical and rare a liver affected by alcoholic cirrhosis; (also) the condition alcoholic cirrhosis; = gin liver n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > disorders of liver
hepatitis1699
liver rot1785
liver1805
gin liver1830
nutmeg liver1833
cirrhosis1839
Laennec's cirrhosis1839
gin drinker's liver1845
yellow atrophy1845
hobnailed liver1849
red atrophy1849
hobnail liver1882
fascioliasis1884
infectious hepatitis1891
distomatosis1892
distomiasis1892
hepatomegalia1893
infective hepatitis1896
spirit liver1896
hepatoma1905
hepatosplenomegalia1930
Pick's syndrome1932
serum hepatitis1943
Pick's syndrome1955
micronodular cirrhosis1960
macronodular cirrhosis1967
hep1975
1832 Lancet 7 Apr. 3/1 This is very different from the liver of gin-drinkers. A gin-drinker's liver is generally very hard, but it contains minute granules which are sometimes called tubercles.]
1845 Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. 47 196 In the early stage of Cirrhosis, (the gin-drinkers' liver of English writers) the size of the viscus is usually enlarged.
1903 Physiol. Aspects Liquor Probl. II. 367 The disease is sometimes called ‘the gin-drinker's liver’.
2008 C. Paddon Anat. Holistic Therapists 55 There are several types of cirrhosis of the liver but portal cirrhosis is by far the most common. This is also referred to gin drinkers liver, or alcoholic liver.
gin fizz n. a cocktail made from gin mixed with lemon juice, sugar, and ice.
ΚΠ
1878 Puck (N.Y.) 4 Aug. 4/2 What do you say to a gin-fizz?
1940 R. Wright Native Son ii. 120 They went to a rear table. Bigger ordered two sloe gin fizzes.
2009 Vanity Fair Aug. 58/2 There's nothing more divine than having a Tokyo Joe or a gin fizz at Peter, atop Tokyo's Peninsula hotel.
gin joint n. colloquial (originally U.S.) a bar where strong drinks such as gin are consumed.In later use sometimes with allusion to a line from the film Casablanca; see quot. 1942.
ΚΠ
1885 Daily Gaz. (Fort Wayne, Indiana) 29 Jan. 6/3 [They] have been working Nevada hasheries and gin joints.
1902 National Police Gaz. (U.S.) 22 Mar. 11/4 If there are any gin joints in the neighborhood Sullivan will raise a little hell.
1942 J. J. Epstein et al. Casablanca (film script) 62 Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world she walks into mine—!
2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 28 Mar. a19/5 Let's see, of all the gin joints. Of all the people the Bush team would let edit its climate reports, we have a guy who first worked for the oil lobby denying climate change.
2009 J. Kellerman True Detectives viii. 70 They serve food at this gin joint?
gin liver n. now historical and rare a liver affected by alcoholic cirrhosis; (also) the condition alcoholic cirrhosis; = gin drinker's liver n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > disorders of liver
hepatitis1699
liver rot1785
liver1805
gin liver1830
nutmeg liver1833
cirrhosis1839
Laennec's cirrhosis1839
gin drinker's liver1845
yellow atrophy1845
hobnailed liver1849
red atrophy1849
hobnail liver1882
fascioliasis1884
infectious hepatitis1891
distomatosis1892
distomiasis1892
hepatomegalia1893
infective hepatitis1896
spirit liver1896
hepatoma1905
hepatosplenomegalia1930
Pick's syndrome1932
serum hepatitis1943
Pick's syndrome1955
micronodular cirrhosis1960
macronodular cirrhosis1967
hep1975
1830 Lancet 5 June 377/1 The liver was reduced into that state, called in this country a gin liver; filled with minute light-brown tubercles.
1904 J. H. Kellogg Man the Masterpiece (new ed.) 41 His experiments demonstrated that pepper has six times the power to produce gin liver that gin has.
1992 Brit. Jrnl. Addiction 87 1113/1 By the turn of the present century, cirrhosis was commonly known as a drunkard's disease, e.g. as ‘gin’ liver.
gin mill n. U.S. colloquial a drinking saloon or bar, esp. a disreputable or seedy one.
ΚΠ
1859 N.Y. Herald 8 Nov. 1/5 The merits of the respective candidates are discussed with equal zest in the palatial mansion and..where gin mills and filth abound.
1968 J. McPhee Pine Barrens viii. 141 When a poacher has made his kill, or kills, he goes back to the gin mill.
2016 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 5 Feb. b11 When I was bartending at my gin mill, I would see veterans having flashbacks.
gin miller n. U.S. colloquial (now rare) the keeper of a gin mill; a bar owner; frequently humorous.
ΚΠ
1870 World (N.Y.) 4 Nov. 2/1 Those among them who have noses, possess noses which could be red at any distance... Some of them are Morman [sic] elders with tabernacles in Water street, but the majority are honest millers—gin-millers.
1908 Relig. Telescope 29 July 29 Think of the billions of dollars that would be turned by prohibition from the gin-miller's till to the flour miller's till, from a body and soul-destroying business to wealth-producing business.
1948 Washington Post 14 Apr. C2/1 Installation of television sets in taverns has sent bar and food business soaring, some proprietors say. Other restauranteurs and gin-millers claim video repels paying customers, draws mostly deadbeats.
gin rummy n. originally U.S. a form of rummy (rummy n.3) in which a player holding cards totalling ten or less may end the game by laying down his or her cards. [The origin of the name is unclear, and it is not certain that it shows the name of the drink, although it possibly puns on whisky-poker n. at whisky n.1 Compounds 2 and possibly also on a folk-etymological association of rummy n.3 with the drink rum n.2 D. Parlett Oxf. Guide Card Games (1990) 146 mentions poker gin and gin poker as slightly earlier names of the same game, but little evidence for these terms is available.]
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > rummy, etc.
rum1871
coon-can1889
panguingue1904
rummy1910
pan1935
gin rummy1937
Michigan rum1942
Oklahoma rummy1945
gin1946
canasta1948
Oklahoma1948
1937 Cleveland (Ohio) Plain Dealer 26 Dec. 5 b/1 Dishes washed and stowed on the shelf by the stove, we gathered about the table and played ‘gin’ rummy. It's a form of rummy.
1965 M. Spark Mandelbaum Gate vii. 253 She found her playing gin rummy with Ruth Gardnor.
2006 New Yorker 11 Sept. 31/2 The spot on the porch where the family liked to sit and play gin rummy.
gin-soaked adj. (a) soaked in gin; (b) = gin-sodden adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > affected by > specific drink
for-lode1565
winy1594
vinomadefied1652
whiskified1802
gin-soaked1836
ginny1837
vinous1847
brandy-sodden1854
brandified1863
1836 Morning Post 1 Apr. The..Manchester weavers, who think proper to squeeze out of their gin-soaked brains some absurd notions regarding the affairs of the Irish Church.
1896 Nineteenth Cent. Jan. 33 They were rabbits shut up in a physiologist's experimenting cage, and fed on gin-soaked grains.
1908 Daily Chron. 20 Aug. 4/4 The gin-soaked grandmother.
1976 H. S. Thompson Let. Dec. in Fear & Loathing in Amer. (2000) 725 The memories of those white-buck..years of my gin-soaked youth.
2006 Time Out (Nexis) 29 Mar. 13 Jack the Ripper..Identity unknown but possibly a gin-soaked royal.
2010 Buffalo News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 10 Nov. c5 I told her about gin-soaked raisins for arthritis.
gin-sodden adj. given to or characterized by the drinking of large quantities of gin (or other spirits).
ΚΠ
1836 John Bull 12 Dec. 456/2 The gin-sodden countenances of those who frequent the Metropolitan Courts of Conscience.
1886 J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts (1889) 83 That dull-eyed gin-sodden lout.
1977 ‘J. Le Carre’ Honourable Schoolboy xx. 465 A woman..swaying about and speaking gin-sodden French.
2014 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) 7 Nov. (Food & Drink section) 32 The kind of guilt one only generally feels after a game of strip backgammon at a gin-sodden dinner party in the Westlands.
gin spinner n. now historical and rare a distiller or retailer of spirits.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > distilling > [noun] > distiller
distiller1639
malt-stiller1731
malt distiller1753
gin spinner1778
distilleress1841
stiller1902
society > trade and finance > trader > traders or dealers in specific articles > [noun] > in food and drink > in liquor
wine-merchantc950
vintnerc1430
cooperc1503
merchant vintner1532
beer-monger1622
wine-cooper1635
firkin-man1706
brandy-man1723
brandy-merchant1771
gin spinner1778
liqueur merchant1801
almacenista1846
liquor-dealer1859
négociant1910
1778 Gen. Advertiser 26 Mar. The Gin Spinner in Whitecross-street..retales halfpennyworths of that baneful liquor on the Sabbath.
1813 European Mag. & London Rev. Jan. 69 The distillers, alias Gin Spinners, have..advanced the price of gin.
1827 P. Egan Anecd. Turf 179 Just as she was about to toddle to the gin-spinner's for the ould folks, and lisp out for a quartern of max.
1862 G. A. Sala Accepted Addr. 186 A strong team of gin-spinners' horses..led by distillers' draymen.
2005 Guardian (Nexis) 20 Aug. (Saturday section) 9 The slowly accreted effluvium of industry: in Brentford, fellmongers, gut and gin spinners; breweries in Chiswick; lime kilns in Vauxhall.
gin straight n. neat gin.
ΚΠ
1862 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) 6 Sept. 119/2 The others are gin straight and rum straight.
1928 Giggle Water (C. S. Warnock) 83 Whiskey Straight and Gin Straight are served in the same manner.
2009 Mail Today (Nexis) 5 Dec. I ordered gin straight.
† gin sutler n. Obsolete rare a person who supplies soldiers with gin; cf. sutler n.
ΚΠ
1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vi. vii. 136 Minerva, as a brawny gin suttler, tucked up her skirts, brandished her fists, and swore most heroically..by way of keeping up the spirits of the soldiers.
† gin-trap n. slang Obsolete rare the mouth. [Perhaps with punning reference to gin trap n. at gin n.1 Compounds 2.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [noun]
moutheOE
billa1000
munc1400
mussa1529
mouc1540
gan1567
gob1568
bouche1582
oven1593
taster1596
Pipe Office1609
neba1616
gab1681
gam1724
mouthpiece1738
potato-trap1785
potato-jaw1791
fly-trapc1795
trap1796
mouthie1801
mug1820
gin-trap1824
rattletrap1824
box1830
mouf1836
bread trap1838
puss1844
tater-trap1846
gash1852
kissing trap1854
shop1855
north and south1858
mooey1859
kisser1860
gingerbread-trap1864
bazoo1877
bake1893
tattie-trap1894
yap1900
smush1930
gate1937
cakehole1943
motormouth1976
pie hole1983
geggie1985
1824 Bell's Life in London 12 Dec. 396/3 He could never again..expect to have his ivories rattled in his gin trap.
gin twist n. a gin sling (gin sling n.) with lemon juice. [Compare slightly later gin sling n.]
ΚΠ
1784 Weekly Entertainer 6 Dec. 535 Admission 6d. gin-twist included; but no new cyder to be allowed 'till Christmas.
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. i. 1 The gin-twist and devilled turkey had no charms for him.
2015 Morning Advertiser (Nexis) 4 June 41 Having designed your gin twists, make sure you inform customers of your ability and willingness to serve them.

Derivatives

† ginward adj. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1829 Edinb. Rev. 49 381 With characteristic sagacity, the legislators, justices, and parsons of the land join together..to augment the ginward bias.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

ginn.4

Brit. /dʒɪn/, U.S. /dʒɪn/, Australian English /dʒɪn/
Forms: 1700s–1800s din, 1800s–1900s jin, 1800s– gin.
Origin: A borrowing from Dharuk. Etymon: Dharuk diyin.
Etymology: < Dharuk (Sydney region) diyin.
Australian. In later use offensive.
An Australian Aboriginal woman or wife. Also more generally: any woman or female.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > woman > [noun]
wifeeOE
womaneOE
womanOE
queanOE
brideOE
viragoc1000
to wifeOE
burdc1225
ladyc1225
carlinec1375
stotc1386
marec1387
pigsneyc1390
fellowa1393
piecec1400
femalea1425
goddessa1450
fairc1450
womankindc1450
fellowessa1500
femininea1513
tega1529
sister?1532
minikinc1540
wyec1540
placket1547
pig's eye1553
hen?1555
ware1558
pussy?a1560
jade1560
feme1566
gentlewoman1567
mort1567
pinnacea1568
jug1569
rowen1575
tarleather1575
mumps1576
skirt1578
piga1586
rib?1590
puppy1592
smock1592
maness1594
sloy1596
Madonna1602
moll1604
periwinkle1604
Partlet1607
rib of man1609
womanship?1609
modicum1611
Gypsy1612
petticoata1616
runniona1616
birda1627
lucky1629
she-man1640
her1646
lost rib1647
uptails1671
cow1696
tittup1696
cummer17..
wife1702
she-woman1703
person1704
molly1706
fusby1707
goody1708
riding hood1718
birdie1720
faggot1722
piece of goods1727
woman body1771
she-male1776
biddy1785
bitch1785
covess1789
gin1790
pintail1792
buer1807
femme1814
bibi1816
Judy1819
a bit (also bundle) of muslin1823
wifie1823
craft1829
shickster?1834
heifer1835
mot1837
tit1837
Sitt1838
strap1842
hay-bag1851
bint1855
popsy1855
tart1864
woman's woman1868
to deliver the goods1870
chapess1871
Dona1874
girl1878
ladykind1878
mivvy1881
dudess1883
dudette1883
dudine1883
tid1888
totty1890
tootsy1895
floozy1899
dame1902
jane1906
Tom1906
frail1908
bit of stuff1909
quim1909
babe1911
broad1914
muff1914
manhole1916
number1919
rossie1922
bit1923
man's woman1928
scupper1935
split1935
rye mort1936
totsy1938
leg1939
skinny1941
Richard1950
potato1957
scow1960
wimmin1975
womyn1975
womxn1991
the world > people > ethnicities > New Zealand and Australian indigenous peoples > Australian Aboriginal peoples > [noun] > woman
gin1790
Mary1830
lubra1847
1790 R. Clark MS Jrnl. 15 Feb. in Austral. Nat. Dict. (1988) 133 I heard the crying of children close to me I asked them for to go and bring me there (Dins) which is there woman.
1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales II. xx. 16 He once looked into one of their gins' (wives') bags, and found the fleshy part of a man's thigh wrapped up therein.
1831 D. Tyerman & G. Bennet Voy. & Trav. II. xxxvii. 166 They [sc. New Holland aborigines] answered..‘We are poor men; we have no jins’.
1885 R. C. Praed Head Station 21 The gins, or elder women..lay basking in the sun.
1913 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 43 293 A young gin was suffering from a disease of the hip, apparently chronic.
1916 H. A. Aberdeen Let. in Austral. National Dict. (1988) 273 As soon as we landed [in Freetown, Sierra Leone] black jins swarmed around us selling oranges, bananas & cocoanuts.
1954 H. G. Lamond Manx Star 74 ‘An' he done th' lot on wine, women an' song?’ ‘On gins, gee-gees and grog,’ Wilson corrected.
1978 D. Stuart Wedgetail View 76 Terrible hard on niggers he was, an' awful fast after them young gins, too.
2011 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 5 Feb. 5 The first week we went out to the pub and, of course, they were a bit racist. ‘They were calling Aboriginal women “gins”.’

Compounds

attributive and objective. Designating a white man who sexually exploits an Aboriginal woman, or the activity of so doing, as gin burglar, gin jockey, gin burgling, etc.
ΚΠ
1902 Bulletin (Sydney) 27 Dec. 15/1 Camp-robberies..were almost always due to nigs. being encouraged around camps by ‘gin-mashers’.
1925 Bulletin (Sydney) 6 Aug. 24/1 The news was brought to the gin-stealer by a boy.
1946 W. E. Harney North of 23° 77 In those old days we had the eternal clash of ‘gin burglar’ versus ‘gin shepherd’.
1964 Australian 5 Feb. (Sydney ed.) 10/8 Resistance to a gin burgling expedition would have been unheard of in the Hall's Creek of 10, or even five years ago.
1975 X. Herbert Poor Fellow my Country 31 The trouble was there were the white women to reckon with. Eventually they'd come looking for their men, find them Gin Jockeying, as they say, empty out their black rivals.
2007 P. Toohey Killer Within i. 21 In the north these men are called gin-jockeys or gin-burglars. If not for the availability of Aboriginal women, who would they target? White women. And then they would be known not as gin-jockeys but as predators and sex monsters.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ginv.1

Brit. /ɡɪn/, U.S. /ɡɪn/
Inflections: Past tense gan; past participle gun;
Forms: early Middle English ȝin, Middle English gunne, Middle English gyn, Middle English gyne, Middle English–1500s ginne, Middle English–1500s gynne, Middle English–1600s 1800s gin, 1500s ginn, 1600s 'ginn, 1600s 'ginne, 1700s– 'gin. Past tense

α. early Middle English gann, early Middle English gen (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English ȝan (perhaps transmission error), Middle English gain, Middle English gane, Middle English gene (perhaps transmission error), Middle English–1500s ganne, Middle English–1600s 1800s gan, 1600s–1900s 'gan.

β. early Middle English gounnen (plural), early Middle English gunen (plural), Middle English gonnen (plural), Middle English gun (originally plural), Middle English gunde, Middle English gunnen (plural), late Middle English gunne.

γ. early Middle English gond (perhaps transmission error), Middle English gon (originally singular), Middle English gonne (originally plural), Middle English gonnen (plural).

Past participle Middle English gonne, Middle English gonnen, Middle English gunen, Middle English gynnen, 1800s agun'd (English regional (Somerset)); N.E.D (1899) also records a form early Middle English gunnen.
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: begin v.1, ongin v., agin v.
Etymology: Shortened < begin v.1 and (in early use also) < ongin v. and agin v. With sense 1b compare can v.2 and the discussion at that entry.The Middle English inflections reflect those of the underlying prefixed verbs, which are strong verbs of Class III in Old English. The α. forms of the past tense are the original singular forms, although they become increasingly used as plural forms in the course of the Middle English period. The β. forms of the past tense reflect what were originally plural forms, attested extended to the singular already in the 14th cent. Compare the parallel developments discussed at begin v.1 In the singular past tense form gunde (and perhaps also gond) probably influenced by the weak past tense ending -ed . In the past participle form gynnen perhaps influenced by past participles of other verbs with a different inflectional history (e.g. given , past participle of give v.). The English regional (Somerset) past participle form agun'd shows influence from participles of weak verbs ending in -ed ; for the prefix see a- prefix2. Possible earlier evidence. Considerably earlier evidence of the shortening (in Old English) is perhaps shown by an apparent attestation of the past plural indicative form gunnon in the Tanner manuscript of the translation of Bede’s Eccl. Hist.; however, this may show a scribal error (the other manuscripts all have forms of ongin v. here). Another possible example shown by the similar form gunnan, in a scratched gloss apparently translating Latin initia (nominative plural of initium beginning), may also be erroneous. Compare:eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) i. xv. 60 Ða gunnon [OE Corpus Oxf. ongunnan, OE Corpus Cambr. ongunnon; L. coeperunt] heo þæt apostolice lif þære frymðelecan cyrcan onhyrgan.OE Glosses to Gospels (Auct. D.5.3) in H. D. Meritt Old Eng. Glosses (1945) 53/2 Initia [sunt dolorum] : gunnan [in margin].
Now rare. In later use chiefly archaic and poetic.
1.
a. intransitive. To begin (followed by infinitive, with or without to).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)]
beginc1000
onginOE
aginOE
ginc1175
to go tillc1175
to take onc1175
comsea1225
fanga1225
to go toc1275
i-ginc1275
commencec1320
to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400
to lay to one's hand(sc1405
to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410
to set toc1425
standa1450
to make to1563
to fall to it1570
to start out1574
to fall to1577
to run upon ——1581
to break off1591
start1607
to set in1608
to set to one's hands1611
to put toa1616
to fall ona1625
in1633
to fall aboard1642
auspicatea1670
to set out1693
to enter (into) the fray1698
open1708
to start in1737
inchoate1767
to set off1774
go1780
start1785
to on with1843
to kick off1857
to start in on1859
to steam up1860
to push off1909
to cut loose1923
to get (also put) the show on the road1941
to get one's arse in gear1948
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3274 He gann þennkenn off himm sellf.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 437 (MED) Þe blostme ginneþ springe & sprede.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 35 He gan to berke on þat barn..þat it wax neiȝ of his witt wod for fere.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 355 Whanne þat froste gan to þawe and to melte.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 906 Þe sonne Gan westren faste.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 859 (MED) A child gan stere in hir vombe.
?a1525 (?a1475) Play Sacrament l. 502 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 73 In woodnesse I gynne to wake!
a1529 J. Skelton Ware the Hauke (1843) 119 This fauconer gan showte.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Mar. f. 8v The grasse nowe ginnes to be refresht.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 271 b This troublesome tempest, which ganne spread itselfe abroad in every coast.
1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Evijv Thus ill at worst doth alway gin to mend.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. iii. 20 The Larke at Heauens gate sings, and Phœbus gins arise. View more context for this quotation
1648 D. Lloyd Legend Capt. Jones Contin. 8 At last his fury 'gan to be asswag'd.
1739 A. Nicol Nature's Progress in Poetry 20 All Nature wears an universal Gloom..Till Sol's Approach make Nature 'gin to smile.
1791 W. Cowper Retirem. 92 He 'gan in haste the drawers explore.
1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 85 Soon, up aloft, The silver, snarling trumpets 'gan to chide.
1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. xiv. 13 Forth from that evil house gin they proceed.
1902 J. W. De Forest Poems 85 Was it well To quench it as it 'gan to be?
1952 D. M. Jones Anathemata 181 Cheerly, cheerly men 'Gin to work the ropes.
†b. intransitive. In Middle English and some early modern poetry: used as an auxiliary forming periphrastic tenses (cf. do v. 32), esp. with verbs expressing action at a particular point in time and with adverbial expressions denoting duration or repetition. See also can v.2 Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1250 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Maidstone) (1955) 107 (MED) Gin þu nefre leuen alle mannes speche.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12970 Þa six swin he gon æten [c1300 Otho he eat] alle ær he arise of selde.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 13817 Þe brunie gan to berste, þat þe spere þorh rof and he ful to grunde.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 287 (MED) Fiftene ȝere he gan him fede.
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 648 In to his chaumber he gan gon And leide him deueling on þe grounde.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 3145 Upon hire knes sche gan doun falle..and to him calle.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 505 Ȝit anoþer Danes kyng in þe norþ gan aryue.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail li. l. 300 (MED) This piers, that hurt was so sore, Everyday gan Apeyren More and More.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 1 (MED) Lucyfer, þat Angell so gay, in suche pompe þan is he pyth..þat goddys sete he gynnyth to take.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. viii. l. 100 Scho gan behald [L. vidit] In blak adyll the hallowyt watir cald Changyt and altyr, and furthȝet wynys gude Onon returnyt into laithly blude.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) iv. sig. E.iiiv Amid his throtal his voice likewise gan stick [L. vox faucibus hæsit, a1522 Douglas tr. the voce stak in his hals].
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F2v Till to ryper yeares he gan aspyre.
1633 M. Parker King & Poore Northerne Man sig. A6 Come in fellow the Porter gan say.
1646 Life & Death Right Honourable Earle of Essex (single sheet) All the earth his fame gan ring, His worthy praises ecchoing.
†2.
a. intransitive. To begin, commence; to have or make a beginning. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > begin [verb (intransitive)]
beginc1000
comsea1225
gin?c1225
becomsea1375
commencec1380
to take beginninga1400
enterc1425
to start up1568
initiatea1618
inchoate1654
dawn1716
to take in1845
to take up1846
to set in1848
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 61 Ne mei nan muche speche..beon wið uten sunne ne ginne hit neauer swa wel.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Eccles. i. (heading) Heer gynneth the booc.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Eccles. Prol. 53 (heading) Heere gynneth the prologe in the boc of Ecclesiastes.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 1901 Þe flode bigan to gynne & klosed it aboute.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) Prol. l. 136 He..Gynnyth at Adam & endith at kyng Iohn.
a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. B3v You shall to Henly to cheere vp your guests Fore supper ginne.
1652 D. Cudmore Hist. Ioseph 33 Now 'gan the plenteous years, Nile at no time Did ever leave such fruitfull beds of slime.
1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 105 Earth's tale is told in Heaven, Heaven's told in earth. Since either gan one only faith hath been, The faith in God of all.
b. intransitive. To begin to speak, to speak. Obsolete.In quot. a1375 of a werewolf: to begin to howl.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] > begin to speak
upbreakc1275
to set spell on enda1300
gina1333
to take up (one's) parablea1382
braidc1400
to take up the word1477
begin1563
exordiate1594
to speak upa1723
to lug out1787
to speak out1792
upspeak1827
exordize1887
shoot1915
open1926
to come in1949
a1333 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 17 (MED) Gyn nouþe and onswere þou me.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 84 (MED) So balfully he [sc. þis werwolf] ginneþ þat alle men vpon molde no miȝt telle his sorwe.
a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) 2988 Þere furst spak þe emperour..Tofore heom alle þus he gan [c1400 Laud bigan].
†3. transitive. To begin (something); to undertake. Obsolete.In quot. a14002: to enter into (childhood).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)]
beginc1000
take?a1160
comsea1225
gina1325
commencec1330
tamec1386
to take upa1400
enterc1510
to stand to1567
incept1569
start1570
to set into ——1591
initiate1604
imprime1637
to get to ——1655
flesh1695
to start on ——1885
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 676 Nilus..gan ille wune.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1929 Now listenes, lef lordes þis lessoun þus i ginne.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 7792 Dauid had gunen a batayl kene.
a1400 Cato's Distichs (Fairf.) l. 167 in R. Morris Cursor Mundi (1878) III. App. iv. 1671 (MED) Wisest and mast of maine ginin childis witte a-gaine quen þai ar vn-welde.
a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 1780 (MED) Off Alle that ye haue gonne hyr-tylle Ne greuyd me neuyr yit no wight..So mykelle as it dothe to-nyght.
1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn i. sig. B3 I am bold to make my selfe your nephew..And with this Prouerb gin the world anew.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. ii. 25 Whence the Sunne gins his reflection. View more context for this quotation
1665 S. Ford Ἡσυχία Χριστιανοῦ 170 She 'gan the day with God, with him it ended.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

ginv.2

Brit. /dʒɪn/, U.S. /dʒɪn/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: gin n.1
Etymology: < gin n.1 With sense 1 compare earlier engine v.
†1. transitive. To catch in a trap (cf. gin n.1 4), to ensnare. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > trap
grina850
latchc1175
snarl1398
snarea1425
caltropc1440
trapa1500
attrap1524
gin1583
toil1592
springe1606
snickle1615
wire1749
1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Zv My landes are morgaged, my demanes leased, my apparell pawnd, nothing wanting in me to the accomplishment of all miserie, but that I weare no giues, with which they thinke to gin me: for my chamber is a prison, and I pend vp in it.
a1627 J. Fletcher & T. Middleton Nice Valour iii. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Uuu3/2 So, so, the Wood-cock's gin'd; Keep this doore fast brother.
1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting xxiii. 313 I would not gin him though—‘too good a sportsman for that’.
1833 T. Carlyle in Fraser's Mag. Aug. 154/1 Destiny has her nets round him..too soon he will be ginned.
1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 221 Men are stationed with lassos to gin you dexterously.
2.
a. transitive. To remove the seeds from (cotton), esp. by means of a cotton gin. Cf. gin n.1 10.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing cotton > treat or process cotton [verb (transitive)]
gin1700
lap1851
nep1875
1700 Act Disputes & Controv. in Acts Assembly Montserrat (1740) 56 For every Pound of Indigo, Two Shillings; for every Pound of Cotton-wooll ginned, Nine Pence.
1783 Trans. Soc. Arts 1 255 Some of them have clean seeds, and may be ginned without much difficulty, if done with care.
1863 F. C. Brown Supply Cotton from India 10 The latest home-improved gins for ginning cotton.
1879 G. Campbell White & Black in U.S. 157 Northern dealers gin and buy their [negroes'] cotton.
c1937 W. Turner Interview in C. L. Perdue et al. Weevils in Wheat (1976) 288 Ev'ybody had to gin a shoe full of cotton at night.
2002 Spin-off Winter 85/2 Cotton is cleaned and ginned by hand, then each boll is teased into a long band.
b. transitive. With up. To treat or clean up (a quantity of cotton) by removing the seeds with a gin. Now somewhat rare.
ΚΠ
1837 Southern Agriculturalist Jan. 310 It [sc. the cotton] was thrown in a heap by itself, ginned up, and the seed thrown in a large bulk by themselves.
1875 Southern Planter & Farmer Aug. 433 Crops can be and ought to be gathered and ginned up by the middle of December.
1974 Southern Exposure Winter 24/2 Cotton has got to get out of the field and get ginned up before the weather gets bad.
3. transitive. colloquial (chiefly U.S.).
a. With up, out, etc. To produce or develop (a desired product or outcome) by activity or effort; to work (something) up, esp. hastily or rapidly.
ΚΠ
1883 Columbus (Indiana) Herald 9 Aug. The old stump whisky factory is about busted. The first batch they ginned out looked like pond water.
1899 Daily Tribune (Salt Lake City, Utah) 15 Mar. 6/1 Star Consolidated, that had been ginned up during the interval between calls, opened at $1.16.
1952 Moulton (Iowa) Weekly Tribune 14 Aug. 1/2 Then came a card from Centerville wanting to know who ginned up the puzzle.
1986 Wall St. Jrnl. 24 Apr. (Eastern ed.) 1 The museum is ginning up a line of pop-up books, T-shirts and models to cash in.
1999 Newsweek (Nexis) 24 May (Nation section) 40 The Gore team..quickly ginned together a list of endorsements from Democratic mayors in the state.
2004 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 9 Feb. (Globe Review section) r3 Empty, hypnotic information ginned out by mainstream TV and Hollywood movies.
2015 D. Waller Disciples xix. 282 When Major General Colin Gubbins..learned that Donovan was organizing a major German penetration effort, he ordered his reluctant Baker Street staff to gin up one as well.
b. colloquial. With up. To concoct, invent, or fabricate (something spurious or false).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > inventive or creative faculty > contrive, devise, or invent [verb (transitive)]
findeOE
conceive1340
seek1340
brewc1386
divine1393
to find outc1405
to search outc1425
to find up?c1430
forgec1430
upfindc1440
commentc1450
to dream out1533
inventa1538
father1548
spina1575
coin1580
conceit1591
mint1593
spawn1594
cook1599
infantize1619
fabulize1633
notionate1645
to make upc1650
to spin outa1651
to cook up1655
to strike out1735
mother1788
to think up1855
to noodle out1950
gin1980
1980 N.Y. Times 14 Sept. 2 e/5 They have ginned up a surplus by assuming the Senate budget committee numbers and then doublecounting the impact of a tax cut.
1993 Business Law Today May 4/1 The acrimony involves nothing more than a fight over attorneys' fees, ginned up in a phony settlement.
2000 Time 7 Feb. 69/2 Go in for a checkup not covered by your HMO, and your doctor may gin up a covered condition to make the visit reimbursable.
2015 S. McGraw Betting Farm on Drought viii. 102 While opponents were ginning up a manufactured conflict between two ideologies, the real message of his report..was utterly lost.
4. transitive. U.S. colloquial. With up. To stir up or intensify (a situation, process, etc.); to arouse or intensify strong feelings in (a person or group). Cf. ginger v. 3. [Perhaps influenced both semantically and etymologically by to ginger up (see ginger v. 3)] .
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > give rise to
makeOE
breedc1200
wakea1325
wakenc1330
engendera1393
gendera1398
raisea1400
begetc1443
reara1513
ingener1513
ingenerate1528
to stir upc1530
yield1576
to pull ona1586
to brood up1586
to set afloat (on float)1586
spawn1594
innate1602
initiate1604
inbreed1605
irritate1612
to give rise to1630
to let in1655
to gig (out)1659
to set up1851
gin1887
1887 F. Francis Saddle & Mocassin vii. 124 The Apaches were out to beat hell... And they were ginning her up, and making things a bit lively, that's a fact!
1893 C. C. Goodwin Wedge of Gold xiii. 133 He was shy about giving me the facts, but I ginned him up to the confessional point.
1907 J. R. Cook Border & Buffalo ix. 239 Captain Lee told us to look for a raid on this place at any time; complimented us..for the manner in which we had ‘ginned them [sc. the Indian raiders] up’.
1983 Washington Post (Nexis) 24 Apr. (Outlook section) c8 Talk a bit..about how you hope to gin things up on your trip, get things going again on the Sept. 1 peace plan.
1996 Weekly Standard (Nexis) 1 Jan. 27 Lugar is known for his decorousness but for a moment he looked as if he were ginning himself up to give a big hug.
2013 M. Lindley Girl like You 332 She is hot, excited. There's nothing like getting ready for Thanksgiving to gin things up.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ginv.3

Brit. /dʒɪn/, U.S. /dʒɪn/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: gin n.3
Etymology: < gin n.3 Compare ginned adj.2
colloquial. Now rare.
†1. transitive (reflexive). To drink gin or other intoxicating drink; to become drunk. Obsolete.Quot. 1789 refers to the custom of nurses administering gin to keep children quiet, sometimes with fatal results.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (intransitive)] > get drunk
drunkenc1000
to wash one's face in an ale clout1550
to shoe the goose, gosling1566
to catch, hunt the fox1599
to swallow a tavern-token1601
to read Geneva print1608
to whip the cat1622
inebriate1626
to hunt a tavern-fox1635
fox1649
mug1653
to fuddle one's cap or nose1663
to lose one's legs1770
gin1789
stone1858
to beer up1884
slop1899
to get, have, tie a bun on1901
shicker1906
souse1921
lush1926
to cop a reeler1937
to tie one on1951
1789 J. Byng Diary 10 June in C. B. Andrews Torrington Diaries (1935) II. 18 Having ginned ourselves without being strangled,..we retired to our truckles.
1832 P. Egan Bk. Sports 263/1 But the lark being o'er—they ginned themselves at jolly Tom Cribb's.
1873 P. B. Power in Quiver Jan. 24/2 A slattern wife, an ill-tempered, unwomanly girl, who instead of being up and doing, as a true woman would, took to gin, and ginned herself into a drunken sot in a very little while.
2. intransitive. U.S. With up. To become drunk on gin or other intoxicating drink.
ΚΠ
1881 Janesville (Wisconsin) Daily Gaz. 2 Sept. She ginned up successfully, and..applied for a dose of morphine or something to make her stop drinking.
1894 Midwinter Appeal (San Francisco) 17 Feb. 4/5 He held that he can gin up when he likes.
1942 Montana Standard 9 Apr. 9/3 They are so delighted that they proceed to ‘gin up’. When they become sober they try their hands at faro again.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ginprep.conj.2

Brit. /ɡɪn/, U.S. /ɡɪn/, Scottish English /ɡɪn/, Irish English /ɡɪn/
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: English agin , again prep.; again conj.
Etymology: As preposition aphetic < agin, variant of again prep. (compare again prep. III.). As conjunction aphetic < agin, variant of again conj. Compare earlier gain prep. 3.
Scottish, English regional (chiefly northern) and Irish English (northern)
A. prep.
By, towards, before, close to (a certain time). Also: within (a period of time).
ΚΠ
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 83 Gin night we came unto a gentle place.
1788 E. Picken Poems & Epist. 176 The lines, that ye sent owre the lawn..Gin gloamin hours reek't Eben's haun.
1827 Chield Morice in W. Motherwell Minstrelsy 273 This lady she died gin ten o' the clock, Lord Barnard died gin twal'.
1887 J. Service Life Dr. Duguid 229 He gaed up through the Brig-en' gin four o'clock this mornin'.
1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 51/1 Gin, against the time. ‘Ah'll hev it fettled, for thă gin yĕ coum ageean’.
1939 Scots Mag. Jan. 268 They gie'd him the blame of the serving lassie's bairn—Her at the Big House. A year gin May.
1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots Matt. x. 19 Ye winna hae gane throu the touns o Israel, gin the comin o the Son o Man!
1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. Gin/Gain, (of time) by, e.g. ‘A'll see ye gin Setturday’; within, e.g. ‘She'll be there gin a few minutes’.
2009 R. Adam Rhymes of Weary Roadman 11 Gin the Spring they'll a' rin free.
B. conj.2
By or before the time that; when; until.
ΚΠ
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess ii. 70 Gin we get there, 'tis time to milk the ky.
1819 J. Thomson Poems Sc. Dial. (new ed.) 39 But tho' they're gane, why need we mourn, They'll a' revive gin spring return.
1895 W. Raymond Tryphena in Love iv. 38 We mus' not play a-Zunday, Because it es a zin; But we mid play a wicked days Gin Zunday come again.
1928 J. G. Horne Lan'wart Loon 8 An' syne begood to delve the yaird, Gin that his parritch were weel air'd.
1972 D. Toulmin Hard Shining Corn 58 The fourth pairie didna last lang, and gin the simmer was gaen they were pensioned aff on strae and watter.
1990 J. A. Begg in J. A. Begg & J. Reid Dipper & Three Wee Deils 11 It wis the back o eleiven gin I parked the caur oot o sicht aff the drive intae the Big Hoose.
2019 S. Templeton in Lallans 95 80 Gin the machair wis spirkit wi simmer flooers An the days o lang licht were back, he sint wird He'd be wi us.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ginconj.1

Brit. /ɡɪn/, U.S. /ɡɪn/, Scottish English /ɡɪn/, Irish English /ɡɪn/
Forms: 1600s– gin, 1800s gien (English regional (Yorkshire)); also Scottish pre-1700 1800s gane, 1700s geen, 1700s gyn, 1700s–1900s gen, 1800s gaen, 1800s gehn, 1800s–1900s gien.
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: English given , give v.
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a contracted form of given, past participle of give v. (compare give v. 32 and the variants listed at that entry), based on a reinterpretation of gif conj. as a form of give v. (compare the variants listed at gif conj.), although there is no evidence either supporting or contradicting this suggestion.It has also been suggested that the word is the same as gin conj.2 (although this is first attested later, and such a identification poses semantic problems), or that it is a contraction of an unattested combination of < gif conj. and an conj.
Scottish, English regional (chiefly northern) and Irish English (northern)
If; whether.
ΚΠ
1590 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. 199 Think and gane the pictur were hit, it wald be for the destructioune of the young Laird of Fowlis.
1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence 195 The northern man saith, Ay sud eat mare cheese gin ay hadet.
1622 in G. I. Murray Rec. Falkirk Parish (1887) I. 32 The said Jon Dun being accusit gin he saw the said Cristiane Watsoune realie do the samyn..or not.
a1681 J. Lacy Sauny the Scott (1698) iv. 26 O' my Saul, Sawndy wou'd be Hang'd gin I sud bestow an aw'd Liquor'd Bute.
1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 23 Fast to the door I rin To see gin ony young spark Will light and venture but in.
1792 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum IV. 372 Ye shall gang in gay attire..Gin ye'll leave your Collier laddie.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 294 Follow me, gin ye please, sir, but tak' tent to your feet.
1842 J. D. Phelps Collectanea Glocestriensia (Glouc. Gloss.) Gin, if.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: Old Style xvii An' gin I mun doy I mun doy.
1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. iv. 18 Gin the warst cam to the warst.
1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Gin ye'll gan I'll gan.
1921 D. H. Edwards Among Fisher Folks Usan & Ferryden 14 Gen the tide had been rinnin' hard, ye micht..hae been run to destruction.
1923 E. Gepp Essex Dial. Dict. (ed. 2) 54 Gin, if.
1928 J. G. Horne Lan'wart Loon 8 An' syne begood to delve the yaird, Gin that his parritch were weel air'd; For Tam bood ha'e them cüil an' set.
1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 51/1 Gin, if..even if. ‘Ah'd dee 't gin Ah hed t'brass’—if I had the money.
1958 T. H. White Once & Future King iv. 610 He willna hurt them, gin he see their faces.
1994 Chapman No. 77. 93/1 The fantastic is nivver easy tae deal wi bit here it warks an gin the sense aneath is death itsel, sae whit?
2004 S. Blackhall Katy Crocodile 29 Taxi Driver gin yer late Plane an pilot winna wait!
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1175n.21688n.3?1701n.41790v.1c1175v.21583v.31789prep.conj.21768conj.11590
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