herbn.

Brit.

/həːb/, U.S.

/(h)ərb/

Forms: Middle English–1500s erbe, Middle English–1600s herbe, Middle English eerbe, 1500s earbe, heerb, Scottish hairb, 1500s–1600s hearbe, 1500s– herb; also Middle English–1500s yerbe, 1800s dialect yerb, yarb, yirb.

Etymology: In Middle English usually erbe, < Old French erbe (11th cent. in Littré), modern French herbe (= Italian erba, Spanish yerba, Portuguese herva) < Latin herba grass, green crops, herbage, herb. In Old French and Middle English occasionally spelt with h after Latin; regularly so since c1475, but the h was mute until the 19th cent., and is still so treated by many: see H (the letter).

1. A plant of which the stem does not become woody and persistent (as in a shrub or a tree), but remains more or less soft and succulent, and dies down to the ground (or entirely) after flowering.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun]

grassOE

herbc1290

herbling1562

herbleta1616

forb1924

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 221/41 Of treon and herbes, þikke..bi-set in eche side.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 109 To speke of gomme or erbe or tre.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 257 Hilles and woodes..habundante in yerbes and pastures and mony wilde bestes.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xiii. f. xviij^v When it is growne, it is the greatest amonge yerbes.

1652 J. Mayne tr. J. Donne Epigr. in J. Donne Paradoxes sig. E10^v An Hearb thou [sc. Tobacco] art, but useless.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iii. 160 Strewing Flowers and Herbs in the ways as they pass'd.

1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. iii. §3. 50 Herbs are plants in which the stem does not become woody and persistent, but dies annually or after flowering, down to the ground.

2. spec. Applied to plants of which the leaves, or stem and leaves, are used for food or medicine, or in some way for their scent or flavour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > herb > [noun]

worteOE

herbc1290

pottage-warea1398

pot-wortc1400

green meatc1450

pot-herb1538

pot green1742

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine

worteOE

herbc1290

simple?a1425

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 18/598 A fair herbe, þat men cleopez letuse..In hire mouth heo pulte þarof a lef.

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 28 Erbis of vertue þat growen in hem.

c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 246 And herbes [v.r. erbis] koude I telle eek many oon As Egremoyne Valerian and lunarie And other swiche if that me liste tarie.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvi. 371 He toke an erbe, and robbed Charlemagnes noose & his lippes wyth it.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 38^v Flaxe and Hempe..be not to be receiued in the number of Corne nor Pulse, Fodder nor Hearbes.

1633 G. Herbert Sunday in Temple vi Those Who want herbs for their wound.

1725 I. Watts Logick i. vi. §3 If the leaves are of chief use to us, we call them herbs: as sage, mint, thyme.

1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 530 Fumigations with aromatic substances, woods, herbs, and resins.

1810 E. D. Clarke Trav. Var. Countries: Pt. 1st xii. 254 Broth, made with fish and wild herbs.

1847 H. D. Thoreau Let. 24 Oct. in Corr. (1958) 187 I hope he got ‘yarbs’ enough to satisfy him.

1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! iv Some skill in ‘yarbs’, as she called her simples.

3. collective. Herbage. Also figurative (quot. 1677).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass

grasseOE

turfc890

herbc1384

herbage1390

herberiea1400

verdure1447

summer grass1531

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. vi. 7 The erthe drynkynge reyn..and bryngynge forth couenable eerbe.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xxxvi[i]. 2 Cut downe like y^e grasse, and..wythered euen as y^e grene herbe.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 208 Rich men..are deservedly stiled the Herbe of Drones, which they devour.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. v. 597 On the flow'ry herb..he lay.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xciii. 138 Underfoot the herb was dry.

a. The leafy part of a (herbaceous) plant; esp. as distinct from the root.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > head or heart > [noun] > green parts

greensc1450

herb1662

herbage1701

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 314 The herb and seed of Werme.

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 1 26 The herb and flowers of the arnica are..most conveniently given in simple infusion.

†b. in the herb: green, not yet ripe. Obsolete. (Cf. in the blade, in leaf; French en herbe).

ΚΠ

1652 E. Sparke Scintillula Altaris (1663) 365 Since our haruest is but in the hearb.

†5. = herba n. Obsolete.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

herb-bed n.

ΚΠ

1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 78/2 You get fine healthy young plants..to form a good herb-bed.

herb-eater n.

ΚΠ

?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.iij Patrycke peuysshe heerbeter.

1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. x. 129 His little garden made for..the feasting of a few Pythagorean herbe eaters.

1726 J. Arbuthnot et al. It cannot rain but it Pours 8 The new Sect of Herb-eaters [sc. vegetarians].

herb-flower n.

ΚΠ

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 20 Senting delicat herbflowrs.

herb-garden n.

ΚΠ

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings xxi. 2 Geue me thy vynyarde, I wyll make me an herbgarden therof.

herb-garth n.

ΚΠ

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ciii/2 Caulgarthe, herbarium,... Herbegarth, idem, olerarium.

herb-gatherer n.

ΚΠ

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Herbe gatherer, herbarius.

1885 A. W. Tuer Old London Cries 32 The simplers, or herb-gatherers..supplied the herb-shops in Covent Garden.

herb-juice n.

herb-locust n.

ΚΠ

1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 997 Either the Bruchus, or the little Herb-locust, Grashopper, or Kricket.

herb-lore n.

ΚΠ

1955 J. R. R. Tolkien Return of King 145 A chance of talking herb-lore with me.

herb-market n.

ΚΠ

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Herbe market, lachanopolium.

1742 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Antiq. Rome xlviii, in tr. A. Palladio Architecture (ed. 3) II. 82 The Herb-Market, now call'd Montanara.

herb-master n.

ΚΠ

1955 J. R. R. Tolkien Return of King 140 I will go and ask of the herb-master.

herb-monger n.

ΚΠ

1845 S. Judd Margaret (1871) v. 23 Stultiloquent yarbmonger.

herb-plot n.

ΚΠ

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Herbaio..an hearbe-plot where hearbes grow.

herb-seller n.

ΚΠ

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 230/2 Herbe sellar.

herb-strewer n.

ΚΠ

1782 S. Pegge Curialia Misc. 45 At Coronations the ground is strewed with flowers by a person..called the Herbstrewer.

herb-eating adj.

ΚΠ

1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments vi. 102 Herb-eating Animals.

herb-like adj.

ΚΠ

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. xxvi. 351 Flowers..of a greene or herbelike colour.

C2.

a. Special combinations. See also herb-man n., herb-wife n., herb-woman n.

† herb-bane n. Obsolete name invented by Parkinson for the parasitic genus Orobanche or broom-rape.

ΚΠ

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 1362 Orobanche..Kill herbe or herbe bane.

herb beer n. a beverage prepared from herbs.

ΚΠ

1891 Daily News 28 Nov. 5/5 The proprietor insists that his herb beer is..a medicine..In the end ‘herb beer’ was declared to be a refreshment.

herb cancer n. see cancer n. 4.

ΚΠ

1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica Who taught the poore beast having poison tasted, To seek th' hearbe cancer, and by that to cure him?

1662 D. Sennertus et al. Sixth Bk. Pract. Physic viii. ii. 70 Take herb Cancer gathered in June an ounce and half, Ashes of a Mole an ounce, two Snakes skins make a pouder.

herb-doctor n. U.S. regional one who treats or cures ailments by means of herbs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > healer > alternative practitioner > [noun] > herbalist

proalizer1577

herbalist1592

herbist1611

herbister1623

signaturist1646

curandero1801

root doctor1814

curandera1821

herb-doctor1854

herb-doctressa1864

herbologist1929

sinseh1972

1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 150 Hygeia, who was the daughter of that old herb-doctor, Æsculapius.

1881 Harper's Mag. July 305/2 The herb-doctor was not so fortunate as another practitioner of his own class who came to England some years ago.

1891 Harper's Mag. Jan. 220/1 I would say that Mr. Pettingill has behaved very strangely—sending for a herb doctor.

herb-doctress n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > healer > alternative practitioner > [noun] > herbalist

proalizer1577

herbalist1592

herbist1611

herbister1623

signaturist1646

curandero1801

root doctor1814

curandera1821

herb-doctor1854

herb-doctressa1864

herbologist1929

sinseh1972

a1864 N. Hawthorne Septimius Felton (1872) 113 [Aunt Keziah was] a mixture of an Indian squaw and herb doctress.

herb-tea n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > decoction or infusion > [noun] > specific decoction or infusion

sabras?c1225

tisanea1398

tamarisk1597

wort1694

sage tea?1706

poppy tea1709

yapon tea1723

herb-tea1744

spring juices1751

balm-tea1752

camomile-tea1753

uva ursi1753

nettle tea1758

bush tea1768

quassia1778

majo bitters1866

Mexican tea1866

1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §75 When..herb-teas shall be found to have little..effect.

1842 R. W. Emerson Conservative in Nature, Ess. & Lect. on Times (1844) 109 Swallowing pills and herb-tea.

herb-water n. a medicinal infusion of herbs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > decoction or infusion > [noun] > aqueous decoction or infusion > specific

barley waterc1320

oak-water?1523

hydrelaeon?1550

plantain-water1588

lily-water1599

napha water1600

cowslip-water1612

water of magnanimity1659

succory water1670

lime-water1682

onion-water1694

pennyroyal water1699

balm-water1712

forge-water1725

laurel-water1731

aqua mirabilis1736

tar-water1740

milk of lime1784

laurel-cherry water1787

fly-water1815

herb-water1886

1886 M. W. Hungerford Lady Branksmere II. xxxiii. 230 I hope..you took the herb-water I prescribed.

b. In various names of plants. See also herb aloe n., h. bennet n.¹, h. bifoil n., h. Christopher n., h. five-leaf n., h. git n., h. mastic n., h. patience n.², h. of repentance n., h. squinantic adj., h. trefoil n., h. trinity n., h. true love n., h. twopence n., under aloe n., etc.; also herb-grace n., herb Ive n., herb John n., herb Paris n., herb Robert n.

herb carpenter n. Prunella vulgaris = carpenter's herb n. at carpenter n. Compounds 2. (Britten and Holland).

† herb fluellin n. Obsolete = fluellin n.

ΚΠ

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xvii. 26 Paules Betony, Herbe Fluellyn, or Speedewell.

herb frankincense n. an aromatic umbelliferous plant, Laserpitium latifolium (Miller Plant-n.).

ΚΠ

1678 A. Littleton Linguæ Latinæ Liber Dictionarius Herb-frankincense, Libanotis.

herb Gerard n. Goutweed, Ægopodium Podagraria.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > gout-weed

wild masterwort1523

ashweed1578

herb Gerard1578

gout-wort1597

jump-about1656

goat weed1758

gout-weed1776

English masterwort1866

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. 300 Now called Herba Gerardi..that is to say, Herbe Gerarde.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 943 Wee in English Goutewort or herbe Gerard after the Brabanders, and of some in our Land Aisweede, or Axeweede.

a1825 T. F. Forster Pocket Encycl. Nat. Phenomena (1827) 101 Herb Gerard..so called from St. Gerard, who is celebrated April 23d, and who used to be invoked against the gout.

herb-Henry n. [ < medieval Latin malus Henricus, German böser Heinrich] Dog's Mercury.

ΚΠ

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 77 Blacke Helebore, Aconitum, or Wolfe-bane..herbe henry, and others.

† herb impious n. [translating Latin herba impia] Obsolete old name of Filago germanica (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 518 Those flowers..that come after growe higher, as children seeking to..ouertop their parents..for which cause it hath beene called Herba impia, that is, the Wicked Herbe, or Herbe impious.

herb-lily n. a florist's name for plants of the genus Alstrœmeria (N.O. Amaryllidaceæ), natives of South America.

herb-Louisa n. the Lemon-scented Verbena, Aloysia citriodora (Miller).

herb Margaret n. (also Margaret's herb) ‘the daisy, Bellis perennis’ (Prior).

ΚΠ

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 512 The Daisie is called..of some Herba Margarita: or Margarites herbe.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum Table 1741 Margarites herbe or Daysies.

1728 R. Bradley Dict. Bot. II. (at cited word) Margarite's Herb, in Latin, Herba Margarita.

herb Mary n.

ΚΠ

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 88 The Priest..put thereunto frankincense, herbe mary, and fire.

herb of friendship n. a species of Stonecrop, Sedum Anacampseros (Miller).

herb of St. Martin n. Sauvagesia erecta, a native of tropical America and the West Indies.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > non-British plants or herbs > [noun] > American or West Indian

masterwort1523

hogweed1707

black root1709

many-seed1750

Martynia1753

Maranta1754

hog meat1756

iron1756

Evolvulus1764

zebra plant1826

turkey-flower1843

vriesia1843

Spanish needles1846

turkey-blossom1849

horse poison1851

St Martin's herb1860

goatweed1864

wake-robin1864

frog-bit1866

herb of St. Martin1866

pipi1866

goatweed1869

cigar-plant1961

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1026/1 S[auvagesia] erecta, the Herb of St. Martin..has been used in Brazil for complaints in the eyes, in Peru for disorders of the bowels, and in the West Indies as a diuretic.

1882 J. Smith Dict. Econ. Plants Herb of St. Martin..Its leaves are..eaten as spinach.

herb of repentance n. common rue, Ruta graveolens; cf. herb-grace n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > rue

rudeeOE

rue?a1200

herb-grace1548

serving-man's joy1671

countryman's treacle1745–7

herb of repentance1858

1858–9 Phytologist 3 207 This [sc. the Herb-of-Grace] is not a native, but it is well known at the Old Bailey as the Herb-of-Repentance.

1893 All Year Round 16 Sept. 274/1 It was the most natural thing in the world for the herb of ruth, or sorrow, to become the herb of repentance.

1982 K. N. Sanecki Discovering Herbs (ed. 3) 51 The herb of repentance, rue is an evergreen sub-shrub that forms a rounded bush, the foliage of which is very pungently bitter in aroma when crushed.

1985 Garden Hist. 13 162 Even in English there are many, some of which are: rue, common rue, garden rue, herb of repentance, herb-grace, herb of grace, ave grace and countryman's treacle.

1998 E. Woodhead Early Canad. Gardening vi. 149 The name Herb of Repentance came from the nosegays carried by judges and juries and spread on the floors of courtrooms in fear of exposure to jail-fever.

herb of the cross n. a name for Vervain, Verbena officinalis (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1889 T. F. Thiselton-Dyer Folk-lore Plants xix. 259 In Brittany, vervain is popularly termed the ‘herb of the cross.’

† herb of vine n. Obsolete an old name for Squinancywort, Asperula cynanchica.

ΚΠ

1526 Grete Herball ccx. sig. Mv/2 Herbe or grasse of vine is otherwise called herbe squynantyke.

herb paper n. Obsolete rare (William Turner's name for) the papyrus plant; cf. water paper n. at water n. Compounds 9b.

ΚΠ

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. F.i^v Papyros..maye be called in englishe water paper, or herbe paper.

† herb paralysy n. Obsolete an old name for the cowslip.

ΚΠ

1526 Grete Herball ccxiiii. sig. Mvi/2 Herbe paralysy that some call artetyke..is principally good for palsy, artetyke, and gowty folke.

† herb Peter n. Obsolete ‘the cowslip, from its resemblance to St. Peter's badge, a bunch of keys’ (Prior).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > primrose and allied flowers > cowslip

cowslipc1000

primerolea1350

herb Peter?a1450

Peter?a1450

paigle?c1450

St. Peter's wort1526

pigle1570

jackanapes on horseback1597

palsywort1597

galligaskin1629

passwort1671

fairy cups1855

?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 162 Christofere femel..haȝt lewys lyk to þe lewys of herbe petur.

1525 Herball sig. D.2 Chrystofer Female..hath leues lyke to herbe Peter, but they be not in all so whyte.

1597 J. Gerard Herball App. Herbe Peter is Cowslip.

herb-royal n. [French herbe royale] southernwood.

ΚΠ

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 230/2 Herbe royall.

herb Sophia n. a name for Sisymbrium Sophia.

herb St. Barbara n. (also †herb St. Barbe, herb Barbara) a name for Winter-cress, Barbarea.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > leaf vegetables > winter-cress or land-cress

winter cress1548

wound-rocket1548

herb St. Barbara1578

yellow rocket1670

land cress1856

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. lxi. 626 Herbe S. Barbe is a good herbe for salade.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 188 Winter Cresses, or herbe Saint Barbara.

† herb terrible n. Obsolete an old name for the shrub Daphne Tartonraira.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > daphnes > [noun]

laureolec1386

Daphnec1430

mezereona1500

laurel1548

daffadowndilly1591

Dutch mezereon1597

herb terrible1597

spurge laurel1597

widow wail1597

rock rose1629

spurge olive1668

spurge flax1678

wood laurel1728

mezereum1754

Daphnad1847

spurge Daphne1872

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 408 Herbe Terrible is a small shrub two or three cubits high.

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 112 Smooth hard dry leaves; bearing a blew flower like that of Scabious..Herb terrible.

† herb William n. Obsolete a name for Bishop's-weed, Ammi majus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > bishop-weed

wood-whistlea1400

ammi1551

toothpick chervil1578

ammeos1585

herb William1597

bull-wort1598

toothpick1598

bishop-weed1614

picktooth1706

toothpick bishop-weed1866

bishop's elder-

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 882 Of some herbe William, Bulwoort, and Bishops weede.

1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i Ameos, Comin royal, is a Herb of some called Bulwort, Bishops-weed, or Herb~william.

† herb willow n. Obsolete name given by Turner to the Yellow Loosestrife ( Lysimachia vulgaris); extended by Gerarde to the Purple Loosestrife ( Lythrum Salicaria), and various species of Willow-herb ( Epilobium).

ΘΚΠ

herb willow1548

loosestrife1548

yellow loosestrife1548

lysimachia1578

willow-herb1578

willow-wort1605

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. E.ij^v Lysimachia is of two sortes. The one..hath a yealowe floure..it may be called in englishe..herbe Wylowe.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 268 Herb Willow giueth the hair of the head a yellow colour.

St. Mary's herb n. = costmary n.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	herb
释义	herbn. Brit. /həːb/, U.S. /(h)ərb/ Forms: Middle English–1500s erbe, Middle English–1600s herbe, Middle English eerbe, 1500s earbe, heerb, Scottish hairb, 1500s–1600s hearbe, 1500s– herb; also Middle English–1500s yerbe, 1800s dialect yerb, yarb, yirb. Etymology: In Middle English usually erbe, < Old French erbe (11th cent. in Littré), modern French herbe (= Italian erba, Spanish yerba, Portuguese herva) < Latin herba grass, green crops, herbage, herb. In Old French and Middle English occasionally spelt with h after Latin; regularly so since c1475, but the h was mute until the 19th cent., and is still so treated by many: see H (the letter). 1. A plant of which the stem does not become woody and persistent (as in a shrub or a tree), but remains more or less soft and succulent, and dies down to the ground (or entirely) after flowering. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] grassOE herbc1290 herbling1562 herbleta1616 forb1924 c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 221/41 Of treon and herbes, þikke..bi-set in eche side. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 109 To speke of gomme or erbe or tre. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 257 Hilles and woodes..habundante in yerbes and pastures and mony wilde bestes. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xiii. f. xviij^v When it is growne, it is the greatest amonge yerbes. 1652 J. Mayne tr. J. Donne Epigr. in J. Donne Paradoxes sig. E10^v An Hearb thou [sc. Tobacco] art, but useless. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iii. 160 Strewing Flowers and Herbs in the ways as they pass'd. 1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. iii. §3. 50 Herbs are plants in which the stem does not become woody and persistent, but dies annually or after flowering, down to the ground. 2. spec. Applied to plants of which the leaves, or stem and leaves, are used for food or medicine, or in some way for their scent or flavour. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > herb > [noun] worteOE herbc1290 pottage-warea1398 pot-wortc1400 green meatc1450 pot-herb1538 pot green1742 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine worteOE herbc1290 simple?a1425 c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 18/598 A fair herbe, þat men cleopez letuse..In hire mouth heo pulte þarof a lef. c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 28 Erbis of vertue þat growen in hem. c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 246 And herbes [v.r. erbis] koude I telle eek many oon As Egremoyne Valerian and lunarie And other swiche if that me liste tarie. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvi. 371 He toke an erbe, and robbed Charlemagnes noose & his lippes wyth it. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 38^v Flaxe and Hempe..be not to be receiued in the number of Corne nor Pulse, Fodder nor Hearbes. 1633 G. Herbert Sunday in Temple vi Those Who want herbs for their wound. 1725 I. Watts Logick i. vi. §3 If the leaves are of chief use to us, we call them herbs: as sage, mint, thyme. 1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 530 Fumigations with aromatic substances, woods, herbs, and resins. 1810 E. D. Clarke Trav. Var. Countries: Pt. 1st xii. 254 Broth, made with fish and wild herbs. 1847 H. D. Thoreau Let. 24 Oct. in Corr. (1958) 187 I hope he got ‘yarbs’ enough to satisfy him. 1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! iv Some skill in ‘yarbs’, as she called her simples. 3. collective. Herbage. Also figurative (quot. 1677). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass grasseOE turfc890 herbc1384 herbage1390 herberiea1400 verdure1447 summer grass1531 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. vi. 7 The erthe drynkynge reyn..and bryngynge forth couenable eerbe. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xxxvi[i]. 2 Cut downe like y^e grasse, and..wythered euen as y^e grene herbe. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 208 Rich men..are deservedly stiled the Herbe of Drones, which they devour. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. v. 597 On the flow'ry herb..he lay. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xciii. 138 Underfoot the herb was dry. View more context for this quotation 4. a. The leafy part of a (herbaceous) plant; esp. as distinct from the root. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > head or heart > [noun] > green parts greensc1450 herb1662 herbage1701 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 314 The herb and seed of Werme. 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 1 26 The herb and flowers of the arnica are..most conveniently given in simple infusion. †b. in the herb: green, not yet ripe. Obsolete. (Cf. in the blade, in leaf; French en herbe). ΚΠ 1652 E. Sparke Scintillula Altaris (1663) 365 Since our haruest is but in the hearb. †5. = herba n. Obsolete. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. herb-bed n. ΚΠ 1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 78/2 You get fine healthy young plants..to form a good herb-bed. herb-eater n. ΚΠ ?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.iij Patrycke peuysshe heerbeter. 1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. x. 129 His little garden made for..the feasting of a few Pythagorean herbe eaters. 1726 J. Arbuthnot et al. It cannot rain but it Pours 8 The new Sect of Herb-eaters [sc. vegetarians]. herb-flower n. ΚΠ 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 20 Senting delicat herbflowrs. herb-garden n. ΚΠ 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings xxi. 2 Geue me thy vynyarde, I wyll make me an herbgarden therof. herb-garth n. ΚΠ 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ciii/2 Caulgarthe, herbarium,... Herbegarth, idem, olerarium. herb-gatherer n. ΚΠ 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Herbe gatherer, herbarius. 1885 A. W. Tuer Old London Cries 32 The simplers, or herb-gatherers..supplied the herb-shops in Covent Garden. herb-juice n. herb-locust n. ΚΠ 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 997 Either the Bruchus, or the little Herb-locust, Grashopper, or Kricket. herb-lore n. ΚΠ 1955 J. R. R. Tolkien Return of King 145 A chance of talking herb-lore with me. herb-market n. ΚΠ 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Herbe market, lachanopolium. 1742 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Antiq. Rome xlviii, in tr. A. Palladio Architecture (ed. 3) II. 82 The Herb-Market, now call'd Montanara. herb-master n. ΚΠ 1955 J. R. R. Tolkien Return of King 140 I will go and ask of the herb-master. herb-monger n. ΚΠ 1845 S. Judd Margaret (1871) v. 23 Stultiloquent yarbmonger. herb-plot n. ΚΠ 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Herbaio..an hearbe-plot where hearbes grow. herb-seller n. ΚΠ 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 230/2 Herbe sellar. herb-strewer n. ΚΠ 1782 S. Pegge Curialia Misc. 45 At Coronations the ground is strewed with flowers by a person..called the Herbstrewer. b. herb-eating adj. ΚΠ 1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments vi. 102 Herb-eating Animals. herb-like adj. ΚΠ 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. xxvi. 351 Flowers..of a greene or herbelike colour. C2. a. Special combinations. See also herb-man n., herb-wife n., herb-woman n. † herb-bane n. Obsolete name invented by Parkinson for the parasitic genus Orobanche or broom-rape. ΚΠ 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 1362 Orobanche..Kill herbe or herbe bane. herb beer n. a beverage prepared from herbs. ΚΠ 1891 Daily News 28 Nov. 5/5 The proprietor insists that his herb beer is..a medicine..In the end ‘herb beer’ was declared to be a refreshment. herb cancer n. see cancer n. 4. ΚΠ 1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica Who taught the poore beast having poison tasted, To seek th' hearbe cancer, and by that to cure him? 1662 D. Sennertus et al. Sixth Bk. Pract. Physic viii. ii. 70 Take herb Cancer gathered in June an ounce and half, Ashes of a Mole an ounce, two Snakes skins make a pouder. herb-doctor n. U.S. regional one who treats or cures ailments by means of herbs. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > healer > alternative practitioner > [noun] > herbalist proalizer1577 herbalist1592 herbist1611 herbister1623 signaturist1646 curandero1801 root doctor1814 curandera1821 herb-doctor1854 herb-doctressa1864 herbologist1929 sinseh1972 1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 150 Hygeia, who was the daughter of that old herb-doctor, Æsculapius. 1881 Harper's Mag. July 305/2 The herb-doctor was not so fortunate as another practitioner of his own class who came to England some years ago. 1891 Harper's Mag. Jan. 220/1 I would say that Mr. Pettingill has behaved very strangely—sending for a herb doctor. herb-doctress n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > healer > alternative practitioner > [noun] > herbalist proalizer1577 herbalist1592 herbist1611 herbister1623 signaturist1646 curandero1801 root doctor1814 curandera1821 herb-doctor1854 herb-doctressa1864 herbologist1929 sinseh1972 a1864 N. Hawthorne Septimius Felton (1872) 113 [Aunt Keziah was] a mixture of an Indian squaw and herb doctress. herb-tea n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > decoction or infusion > [noun] > specific decoction or infusion sabras?c1225 tisanea1398 tamarisk1597 wort1694 sage tea?1706 poppy tea1709 yapon tea1723 herb-tea1744 spring juices1751 balm-tea1752 camomile-tea1753 uva ursi1753 nettle tea1758 bush tea1768 quassia1778 majo bitters1866 Mexican tea1866 1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §75 When..herb-teas shall be found to have little..effect. 1842 R. W. Emerson Conservative in Nature, Ess. & Lect. on Times (1844) 109 Swallowing pills and herb-tea. herb-water n. a medicinal infusion of herbs. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > decoction or infusion > [noun] > aqueous decoction or infusion > specific barley waterc1320 oak-water?1523 hydrelaeon?1550 plantain-water1588 lily-water1599 napha water1600 cowslip-water1612 water of magnanimity1659 succory water1670 lime-water1682 onion-water1694 pennyroyal water1699 balm-water1712 forge-water1725 laurel-water1731 aqua mirabilis1736 tar-water1740 milk of lime1784 laurel-cherry water1787 fly-water1815 herb-water1886 1886 M. W. Hungerford Lady Branksmere II. xxxiii. 230 I hope..you took the herb-water I prescribed. b. In various names of plants. See also herb aloe n., h. bennet n.¹, h. bifoil n., h. Christopher n., h. five-leaf n., h. git n., h. mastic n., h. patience n.², h. of repentance n., h. squinantic adj., h. trefoil n., h. trinity n., h. true love n., h. twopence n., under aloe n., etc.; also herb-grace n., herb Ive n., herb John n., herb Paris n., herb Robert n. herb carpenter n. Prunella vulgaris = carpenter's herb n. at carpenter n. Compounds 2. (Britten and Holland). † herb fluellin n. Obsolete = fluellin n. ΚΠ 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xvii. 26 Paules Betony, Herbe Fluellyn, or Speedewell. herb frankincense n. an aromatic umbelliferous plant, Laserpitium latifolium (Miller Plant-n.). ΚΠ 1678 A. Littleton Linguæ Latinæ Liber Dictionarius Herb-frankincense, Libanotis. herb Gerard n. Goutweed, Ægopodium Podagraria. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > gout-weed wild masterwort1523 ashweed1578 herb Gerard1578 gout-wort1597 jump-about1656 goat weed1758 gout-weed1776 English masterwort1866 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. 300 Now called Herba Gerardi..that is to say, Herbe Gerarde. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 943 Wee in English Goutewort or herbe Gerard after the Brabanders, and of some in our Land Aisweede, or Axeweede. a1825 T. F. Forster Pocket Encycl. Nat. Phenomena (1827) 101 Herb Gerard..so called from St. Gerard, who is celebrated April 23d, and who used to be invoked against the gout. herb-Henry n. [ < medieval Latin malus Henricus, German böser Heinrich] Dog's Mercury. ΚΠ 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 77 Blacke Helebore, Aconitum, or Wolfe-bane..herbe henry, and others. † herb impious n. [translating Latin herba impia] Obsolete old name of Filago germanica (see quot.). ΚΠ 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 518 Those flowers..that come after growe higher, as children seeking to..ouertop their parents..for which cause it hath beene called Herba impia, that is, the Wicked Herbe, or Herbe impious. herb-lily n. a florist's name for plants of the genus Alstrœmeria (N.O. Amaryllidaceæ), natives of South America. herb-Louisa n. the Lemon-scented Verbena, Aloysia citriodora (Miller). herb Margaret n. (also Margaret's herb) ‘the daisy, Bellis perennis’ (Prior). ΚΠ 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 512 The Daisie is called..of some Herba Margarita: or Margarites herbe. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum Table 1741 Margarites herbe or Daysies. 1728 R. Bradley Dict. Bot. II. (at cited word) Margarite's Herb, in Latin, Herba Margarita. herb Mary n. ΚΠ 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 88 The Priest..put thereunto frankincense, herbe mary, and fire. herb of friendship n. a species of Stonecrop, Sedum Anacampseros (Miller). herb of St. Martin n. Sauvagesia erecta, a native of tropical America and the West Indies. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > non-British plants or herbs > [noun] > American or West Indian masterwort1523 hogweed1707 black root1709 many-seed1750 Martynia1753 Maranta1754 hog meat1756 iron1756 Evolvulus1764 zebra plant1826 turkey-flower1843 vriesia1843 Spanish needles1846 turkey-blossom1849 horse poison1851 St Martin's herb1860 goatweed1864 wake-robin1864 frog-bit1866 herb of St. Martin1866 pipi1866 goatweed1869 cigar-plant1961 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1026/1 S[auvagesia] erecta, the Herb of St. Martin..has been used in Brazil for complaints in the eyes, in Peru for disorders of the bowels, and in the West Indies as a diuretic. 1882 J. Smith Dict. Econ. Plants Herb of St. Martin..Its leaves are..eaten as spinach. herb of repentance n. common rue, Ruta graveolens; cf. herb-grace n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > rue rudeeOE rue?a1200 herb-grace1548 serving-man's joy1671 countryman's treacle1745–7 herb of repentance1858 1858–9 Phytologist 3 207 This [sc. the Herb-of-Grace] is not a native, but it is well known at the Old Bailey as the Herb-of-Repentance. 1893 All Year Round 16 Sept. 274/1 It was the most natural thing in the world for the herb of ruth, or sorrow, to become the herb of repentance. 1982 K. N. Sanecki Discovering Herbs (ed. 3) 51 The herb of repentance, rue is an evergreen sub-shrub that forms a rounded bush, the foliage of which is very pungently bitter in aroma when crushed. 1985 Garden Hist. 13 162 Even in English there are many, some of which are: rue, common rue, garden rue, herb of repentance, herb-grace, herb of grace, ave grace and countryman's treacle. 1998 E. Woodhead Early Canad. Gardening vi. 149 The name Herb of Repentance came from the nosegays carried by judges and juries and spread on the floors of courtrooms in fear of exposure to jail-fever. herb of the cross n. a name for Vervain, Verbena officinalis (see quot.). ΚΠ 1889 T. F. Thiselton-Dyer Folk-lore Plants xix. 259 In Brittany, vervain is popularly termed the ‘herb of the cross.’ † herb of vine n. Obsolete an old name for Squinancywort, Asperula cynanchica. ΚΠ 1526 Grete Herball ccx. sig. Mv/2 Herbe or grasse of vine is otherwise called herbe squynantyke. herb paper n. Obsolete rare (William Turner's name for) the papyrus plant; cf. water paper n. at water n. Compounds 9b. ΚΠ 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. F.i^v Papyros..maye be called in englishe water paper, or herbe paper. † herb paralysy n. Obsolete an old name for the cowslip. ΚΠ 1526 Grete Herball ccxiiii. sig. Mvi/2 Herbe paralysy that some call artetyke..is principally good for palsy, artetyke, and gowty folke. † herb Peter n. Obsolete ‘the cowslip, from its resemblance to St. Peter's badge, a bunch of keys’ (Prior). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > primrose and allied flowers > cowslip cowslipc1000 primerolea1350 herb Peter?a1450 Peter?a1450 paigle?c1450 St. Peter's wort1526 pigle1570 jackanapes on horseback1597 palsywort1597 galligaskin1629 passwort1671 fairy cups1855 ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 162 Christofere femel..haȝt lewys lyk to þe lewys of herbe petur. 1525 Herball sig. D.2 Chrystofer Female..hath leues lyke to herbe Peter, but they be not in all so whyte. 1597 J. Gerard Herball App. Herbe Peter is Cowslip. herb-royal n. [French herbe royale] southernwood. ΚΠ 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 230/2 Herbe royall. herb Sophia n. a name for Sisymbrium Sophia. herb St. Barbara n. (also †herb St. Barbe, herb Barbara) a name for Winter-cress, Barbarea. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > leaf vegetables > winter-cress or land-cress winter cress1548 wound-rocket1548 herb St. Barbara1578 yellow rocket1670 land cress1856 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. lxi. 626 Herbe S. Barbe is a good herbe for salade. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 188 Winter Cresses, or herbe Saint Barbara. † herb terrible n. Obsolete an old name for the shrub Daphne Tartonraira. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > daphnes > [noun] laureolec1386 Daphnec1430 mezereona1500 laurel1548 daffadowndilly1591 Dutch mezereon1597 herb terrible1597 spurge laurel1597 widow wail1597 rock rose1629 spurge olive1668 spurge flax1678 wood laurel1728 mezereum1754 Daphnad1847 spurge Daphne1872 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 408 Herbe Terrible is a small shrub two or three cubits high. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 112 Smooth hard dry leaves; bearing a blew flower like that of Scabious..Herb terrible. † herb William n. Obsolete a name for Bishop's-weed, Ammi majus. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > bishop-weed wood-whistlea1400 ammi1551 toothpick chervil1578 ammeos1585 herb William1597 bull-wort1598 toothpick1598 bishop-weed1614 picktooth1706 toothpick bishop-weed1866 bishop's elder- 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 882 Of some herbe William, Bulwoort, and Bishops weede. 1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i Ameos, Comin royal, is a Herb of some called Bulwort, Bishops-weed, or Herb~william. † herb willow n. Obsolete name given by Turner to the Yellow Loosestrife ( Lysimachia vulgaris); extended by Gerarde to the Purple Loosestrife ( Lythrum Salicaria), and various species of Willow-herb ( Epilobium). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > primrose and allied flowers > yellow loosestrife herb willow1548 loosestrife1548 yellow loosestrife1548 lysimachia1578 willow-herb1578 willow-wort1605 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. E.ij^v Lysimachia is of two sortes. The one..hath a yealowe floure..it may be called in englishe..herbe Wylowe. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 268 Herb Willow giueth the hair of the head a yellow colour. St. Mary's herb n. = costmary n. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). herbv. Etymology: < herb n. rare. a. to herb it: to crop herbage, to graze. ΚΠ 1660 J. Howell Θηρολογια 113 I [a boar] am going to herb it among that tuft of Trees. b. intransitive. To gather herbs. ΚΠ 1884 Harper's Mag. Oct. 788/2 Been herbin' again? Draft additions July 2002 transitive. Chiefly Cookery. To season with herbs, to add herbs to. Usually in past participle. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > seasoning > season [verb (transitive)] > flavour in other ways saffronc1386 milk?a1565 hop1572 juniperate1605 beginger1611 macea1634 caryophyllate1651 fruit1736 onion1755 mustard1851 clove1883 lemon1883 herb1922 sherry1970 1922 G. Saintsbury Scrap Bk. lii. 196 That admirable variety, the Oxford sausage (much herbed, skinless, and moulded into sausage-shape only just before cooking). 1979 Gourmet Sept. 16/3 Both mussels and clams oreganata have been moist and herbed with assurance each time I've tried them. 1996 B. Morrison Pendle Witches 45 A steam-bath, herbed with rosemary and lavender. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.c1290v.1660
随便看	shit stain shit sticks shit storm shit storms shit ton shit tons shit upon shit-bag shit-bird shit-breech shit-breeched shit-can shit-canned shit-canning shit-eater shit-eater grin shit-eating shit-eating grin shit-face shit-faced shit-fire shit-fit shit-fits shit-for-brains shit-head

herbn.

Compounds

herbv.

Draft additions July 2002