impactionn.

Brit.

/ɪmˈpakʃn/, U.S.

/ɪmˈpækʃən/

Etymology: < Latin impactiōn-em, noun of action < impingĕre to impinge v.

I. The action of becoming impacted, and related uses.

1. The action of becoming, or condition of being, impacted or firmly fixed in. Esp. in Surgery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > condition of being fast bound or firmly fixed > [noun] > in something

impaction1739

inclavation1855

1739 J. Huxham Ess. Fevers (1750) 176 To prevent the further Impaction of the obstructing Lentor.

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) Impaction, a fracture of the cranium, ribs, or sternum, with depression of some of the fragments and projection of others externally.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxiv. 197 In case of accident or impaction further north.

1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 42 Sudden obstruction of the circulation by the impaction of an embolus in one of the larger arteries.

1874 J. C. Bucknill & D. H. Tuke Man. Psychol. Med. 767 Impaction in the pharynx..admits of immediate relief.

1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. xiii. 546 In all cases where the impaction of a lower wisdom tooth is a source of irritation, the impaction should be at once got rid of... The serious results which may attend purulent inflammation about an impacted wisdom tooth, will receive notice later.

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. Impaction, the condition of being wedged in and fixed in position; said of the fœtal head in the pelvis in certain cases, of fæces in a distended bowel, of fragments of a fractured bone, etc.

1921 F. H. Baetjer & C. A. Waters Injuries & Dis. Bones & Joints v. 102 When the fracture is just behind the head [of the femur] or in the middle of the neck, impaction is relatively rare. Fracture at the base is generally impacted.

1957 J. G. Bonnin Textbk. Fractures i. 8 Impaction is important in aiding fixation and indicates, as a rule, that little displacement has occurred.

1972 D. E. Waite Textbk. Pract. Oral Surg. xi. 141 They also vary widely in degree of impaction; some are partially erupted, while others are completely encased in bone.

2. spec. in Medicine.

a. The lodging of a mass of (usually hardened) faeces in the intestine so that defecation is prevented or impeded; hence, the obstruction of (a part of) the intestine in this way.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [noun] > constipation

costivenessa1400

obstruction1533

constipationc1550

restriction?1550

obstipation1612

stypticness1617

binding1620

stypticity1620

impaction1853

1853 Assoc. Med. Jrnl. 1 606 (heading) Impaction of the rectum from unground wheat.

1866 Clin. Lect. & Rep. (London Hospital) III. 193 Three cases of obstruction of the bowels..produced by the impaction of hardened fæces in the rectum, and colon.

1902 J. P. Tuttle Treat. Dis. Anus xiv. 543 In simple constipation and in impaction there is always a channel for the escape of gases from the bowels.

1943 Niles & Martin in E. J. Stieglitz Geriatric Med. xxxv. 599 Rectal impaction is much more common in the aged.

1943 Niles & Martin in E. J. Stieglitz Geriatric Med. xxxv. 599 Colonic impaction (scybala) is seen occasionally in old people, especially among those who are bedridden.

1972 F. A. Jones in Jones & Godding Managem. Constipation iv. 128 In some patients, impaction may have already led to severe symptoms, with acute distress, and it is then necessary to organize the immediate removal of the impacted faeces.

b. concrete. A mass of (usually hardened) fæces lodged in the intestine so as to impede defecation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [noun] > hardened faeces in body

scybalc1425

scybalum1684

stercorolith1901

impaction1902

stercolith1910

1902 J. P. Tuttle Treat. Dis. Anus xiv. 542 The author has known a patient to suffer from a continuous diarrhœa for six weeks..apparently from no other cause than an impaction of fæces in the sigmoid flexure.

1931 M. C. Pruitt Mod. Proctol. xviii. 350 It is important to determine..whether the impaction is hard or soft.

1958 A. F. R. Andresen Office Gastroenterol. 442 Small impactions can usually be induced to pass by means of a cleansing enema.

II. The process of causing to impact, and related uses..

3. The process of causing something to impinge or impact on something else (cf. impact v. 4); also, the action of so impinging (cf. impact v. 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > [noun]

hittingc1440

strokea1533

illision1603

incursion1615

incussion1615

attrition1630

impinginga1727

impact1781

impingement1837

impaction1945

1945 K. R. May in Jrnl. Sci. Instrum. 22 188 The method which has been adopted for depositing the sample is direct impaction of the particles on to glass slides which may be coated with a suitable medium... The terms ‘impactor’ and ‘impaction’ were suggested by Prof. J. H. Gaddum to avoid confusion with ‘impinger’ instruments... In ‘impingers’ a fine jet of air is directed at very high speed on to a flat surface to obtain the maximum efficiency of deposition of small particles. In the case of ‘impactors’ jet speeds are lower and larger particles are dealt with.

1952 A.M.A. Arch. Industr. Hygiene & Occup. Med. V. 476 Larger and heavier particles are thrown onto a collecting surface in front of the jet, while smaller and lighter particles escape impaction.

1956 P. L. Magill et al. Air Pollution Handbk. xiii. 32 The impaction of aerosol particles on cylinders has been given considerable attention since it provides an insight into the functioning of fibrous filters.

1972 J. O. Ledbetter Air Pollution A. vi. 230 Impaction devices..that depend upon the wind to carry out the impaction.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	impaction
释义	impactionn. Brit. /ɪmˈpakʃn/, U.S. /ɪmˈpækʃən/ Etymology: < Latin impactiōn-em, noun of action < impingĕre to impinge v. I. The action of becoming impacted, and related uses. 1. The action of becoming, or condition of being, impacted or firmly fixed in. Esp. in Surgery. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > condition of being fast bound or firmly fixed > [noun] > in something impaction1739 inclavation1855 1739 J. Huxham Ess. Fevers (1750) 176 To prevent the further Impaction of the obstructing Lentor. 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) Impaction, a fracture of the cranium, ribs, or sternum, with depression of some of the fragments and projection of others externally. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxiv. 197 In case of accident or impaction further north. 1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 42 Sudden obstruction of the circulation by the impaction of an embolus in one of the larger arteries. 1874 J. C. Bucknill & D. H. Tuke Man. Psychol. Med. 767 Impaction in the pharynx..admits of immediate relief. 1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. xiii. 546 In all cases where the impaction of a lower wisdom tooth is a source of irritation, the impaction should be at once got rid of... The serious results which may attend purulent inflammation about an impacted wisdom tooth, will receive notice later. 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. Impaction, the condition of being wedged in and fixed in position; said of the fœtal head in the pelvis in certain cases, of fæces in a distended bowel, of fragments of a fractured bone, etc. 1921 F. H. Baetjer & C. A. Waters Injuries & Dis. Bones & Joints v. 102 When the fracture is just behind the head [of the femur] or in the middle of the neck, impaction is relatively rare. Fracture at the base is generally impacted. 1957 J. G. Bonnin Textbk. Fractures i. 8 Impaction is important in aiding fixation and indicates, as a rule, that little displacement has occurred. 1972 D. E. Waite Textbk. Pract. Oral Surg. xi. 141 They also vary widely in degree of impaction; some are partially erupted, while others are completely encased in bone. 2. spec. in Medicine. a. The lodging of a mass of (usually hardened) faeces in the intestine so that defecation is prevented or impeded; hence, the obstruction of (a part of) the intestine in this way. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [noun] > constipation costivenessa1400 obstruction1533 constipationc1550 restriction?1550 obstipation1612 stypticness1617 binding1620 stypticity1620 impaction1853 1853 Assoc. Med. Jrnl. 1 606 (heading) Impaction of the rectum from unground wheat. 1866 Clin. Lect. & Rep. (London Hospital) III. 193 Three cases of obstruction of the bowels..produced by the impaction of hardened fæces in the rectum, and colon. 1902 J. P. Tuttle Treat. Dis. Anus xiv. 543 In simple constipation and in impaction there is always a channel for the escape of gases from the bowels. 1943 Niles & Martin in E. J. Stieglitz Geriatric Med. xxxv. 599 Rectal impaction is much more common in the aged. 1943 Niles & Martin in E. J. Stieglitz Geriatric Med. xxxv. 599 Colonic impaction (scybala) is seen occasionally in old people, especially among those who are bedridden. 1972 F. A. Jones in Jones & Godding Managem. Constipation iv. 128 In some patients, impaction may have already led to severe symptoms, with acute distress, and it is then necessary to organize the immediate removal of the impacted faeces. b. concrete. A mass of (usually hardened) fæces lodged in the intestine so as to impede defecation. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [noun] > hardened faeces in body scybalc1425 scybalum1684 stercorolith1901 impaction1902 stercolith1910 1902 J. P. Tuttle Treat. Dis. Anus xiv. 542 The author has known a patient to suffer from a continuous diarrhœa for six weeks..apparently from no other cause than an impaction of fæces in the sigmoid flexure. 1931 M. C. Pruitt Mod. Proctol. xviii. 350 It is important to determine..whether the impaction is hard or soft. 1958 A. F. R. Andresen Office Gastroenterol. 442 Small impactions can usually be induced to pass by means of a cleansing enema. II. The process of causing to impact, and related uses.. 3. The process of causing something to impinge or impact on something else (cf. impact v. 4); also, the action of so impinging (cf. impact v. 3). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > [noun] hittingc1440 strokea1533 illision1603 incursion1615 incussion1615 attrition1630 impinginga1727 impact1781 impingement1837 impaction1945 1945 K. R. May in Jrnl. Sci. Instrum. 22 188 The method which has been adopted for depositing the sample is direct impaction of the particles on to glass slides which may be coated with a suitable medium... The terms ‘impactor’ and ‘impaction’ were suggested by Prof. J. H. Gaddum to avoid confusion with ‘impinger’ instruments... In ‘impingers’ a fine jet of air is directed at very high speed on to a flat surface to obtain the maximum efficiency of deposition of small particles. In the case of ‘impactors’ jet speeds are lower and larger particles are dealt with. 1952 A.M.A. Arch. Industr. Hygiene & Occup. Med. V. 476 Larger and heavier particles are thrown onto a collecting surface in front of the jet, while smaller and lighter particles escape impaction. 1956 P. L. Magill et al. Air Pollution Handbk. xiii. 32 The impaction of aerosol particles on cylinders has been given considerable attention since it provides an insight into the functioning of fibrous filters. 1972 J. O. Ledbetter Air Pollution A. vi. 230 Impaction devices..that depend upon the wind to carry out the impaction. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1739
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