baniann.

/ˈbanɪən/

Forms: 1500s baniane, 1600s bannyan, 1600s–1700s bannian, 1700s–1800s banyan, 1600s– banian.

Etymology: < Portuguese banian, probably < Arabic banyān (16th cent.), < Gujarati vāṇiyo man of the trading caste, < Sanskrit vaṇij merchant. ‘The terminal nasal may be taken from the plural form vāṇiyān’ (Col. Yule).

1. A Hindu trader, especially one from the province of Gujarat (‘many of which have for ages been settled in Arabian ports, and known by this name’ —Col. Yule); sometimes applied by early writers to all Hindus in Western India.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] > Hindu or Muslim

baniana1597

chetty1598

Bora1698

a1597 R. Wrag in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1599) II. i. 310 A Baniane..one of the Indians inhabiting the countrey of Cambaia.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 37 The Bannyans are tawny in complexion, are craftie, faire spoken, exquisite Merchants and superstitious.

1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 752 The religion of the Banians not permitting them to eat any thing that hath had life.

1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 35 Bhyses, or Banians, are the trading class.

2. In Bengal: a native-born broker or clerk attached to a European business; (also) a person similarly employed by a private individual.Now usually called sircar.

ΚΠ

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant iii. i. xxxii. 55 Every one hath his banian in the Indies.

1783 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill in Wks. (1842) I. 293 Mr. Hastings's bannian was, after this auction, found possessed of territories, etc.

1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 61 Banians or dubashes (a species of broker to the European houses).

3. A loose gown, jacket, or shirt of flannel, worn in India. (Originally attributive from sense 1.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > other

overslopOE

golionc1290

jupec1290

herigaut1297

rocketc1300

tabardc1300

rocheta1325

suckeny?a1366

hanselinc1386

slopc1386

stolea1387

houpland1392

frockc1400

gipec1400

under-frock1547

vochette1548

shirt1553

rubashka1587

camis1590

gorbelly1598

kebaya1598

tunic1609

sotana1622

supertunic1626

simar1636

manteau1638

peplum1656

peple1658

semar1673

mantua1678

manty1678

mant1694

vest1700

banian1725

galabiya1725

peplos1738

paletota1796

pellard1799

blouse1828

chiton1850

diploidion1850

shirtwaist1859

camorra1869

diplois1887

smock1907

kurta1913

Punjabi1937

kameez1955

kente cloth1957

camouflage smock1964

kanzu1969

1725 in Harl. Misc. VIII. 297 I have lost nothing by it but a banyan shirt, a corner of my quilt, and my bible singed.

1773 R. Graves Spiritual Quixote III. xi. iv. 198 His banyan, with silver clasp, wrapt round His shrinking paunch.

1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 315 Even in the low country a light flannel banian (jacket or shirt) is of service.

Compounds

C1. attributive (in reference to the Banians' abstinence from flesh and sacred estimation of animal life):

banian-day n. Nautical one on which no meat is served out.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > meal-time > [noun] > time or day for specific food

flesh-dayc1440

flesh-timea1525

banian-day1748

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxv. 234 On Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, the ship's company had no allowance of meat, and..these meagre days were called banyan days.

1823 C. Lamb Christ's Hosp. in Elia 28 We had three banyan to four meat days in the week.

banian-hospital n. one for animals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > veterinary medicine and surgery > [noun] > animal hospital

hospital1613

banian-hospital1813

1813 J. Forbes Oriental Mem. III. xxx. 129 A banian-hospital..where he saw a number of sick oxen, camels, and horses.

C2.

banian-tree n. (also banyan-tree; now often simply banyan) the Indian Fig Tree ( Ficus religiosa or indica) a remarkable East Indian tree, the branches of which drop shoots to the ground, that take root and support their parent branches; extending in this way, one tree will often cover a large expanse of ground.Banian Tree, Banians' Tree, Tree of the Banians, was originally a local appellation given by Europeans to an individual tree of this species growing near Gombroon on the Persian Gulf, under which the Banians, or Hindu traders settled in that port, had built a little pagoda; thence it was extended to others, and finally taken as the English name of the species. It is not so called in any Indian language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > banyan tree

Indian fig1382

Indian fig tree1594

banian-tree1638

war1687

peepul tree1783

burr1813

Brahminy fig tree1814

bo tree1820

bodhi tree1838

pagoda tree1876

waringin1889

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 122 A Tree (or rather twenty Trees, the boughs rooting and springing up a whole aker together)..namd by us the Bannyan Tree, from their adorning and adoring it with ribbons and streamers of varicoloured Taffata.

c1650 tr. Tavernier I. 255 Near to the city of Ormus was a Bannians tree.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant iii. i. xiv. 25 The war-tree..called the tree of banians.]

1791 ‘T. Newte’ Prospects & Observ. Tour 416 The Banian tree of India, the most stupendous effort of vegetable nature.

1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. xii. 212 Most..send down roots from their branches like the banian.

1860 P. H. Gosse Romance Nat. Hist. 133 The banyan, or sacred fig of India.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	banian
释义	baniann. /ˈbanɪən/ Forms: 1500s baniane, 1600s bannyan, 1600s–1700s bannian, 1700s–1800s banyan, 1600s– banian. Etymology: < Portuguese banian, probably < Arabic banyān (16th cent.), < Gujarati vāṇiyo man of the trading caste, < Sanskrit vaṇij merchant. ‘The terminal nasal may be taken from the plural form vāṇiyān’ (Col. Yule). 1. A Hindu trader, especially one from the province of Gujarat (‘many of which have for ages been settled in Arabian ports, and known by this name’ —Col. Yule); sometimes applied by early writers to all Hindus in Western India. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] > Hindu or Muslim baniana1597 chetty1598 Bora1698 a1597 R. Wrag in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1599) II. i. 310 A Baniane..one of the Indians inhabiting the countrey of Cambaia. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 37 The Bannyans are tawny in complexion, are craftie, faire spoken, exquisite Merchants and superstitious. 1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 752 The religion of the Banians not permitting them to eat any thing that hath had life. 1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 35 Bhyses, or Banians, are the trading class. 2. In Bengal: a native-born broker or clerk attached to a European business; (also) a person similarly employed by a private individual.Now usually called sircar. ΚΠ 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant iii. i. xxxii. 55 Every one hath his banian in the Indies. 1783 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill in Wks. (1842) I. 293 Mr. Hastings's bannian was, after this auction, found possessed of territories, etc. 1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 61 Banians or dubashes (a species of broker to the European houses). 3. A loose gown, jacket, or shirt of flannel, worn in India. (Originally attributive from sense 1.) ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > other overslopOE golionc1290 jupec1290 herigaut1297 rocketc1300 tabardc1300 rocheta1325 suckeny?a1366 hanselinc1386 slopc1386 stolea1387 houpland1392 frockc1400 gipec1400 under-frock1547 vochette1548 shirt1553 rubashka1587 camis1590 gorbelly1598 kebaya1598 tunic1609 sotana1622 supertunic1626 simar1636 manteau1638 peplum1656 peple1658 semar1673 mantua1678 manty1678 mant1694 vest1700 banian1725 galabiya1725 peplos1738 paletota1796 pellard1799 blouse1828 chiton1850 diploidion1850 shirtwaist1859 camorra1869 diplois1887 smock1907 kurta1913 Punjabi1937 kameez1955 kente cloth1957 camouflage smock1964 kanzu1969 1725 in Harl. Misc. VIII. 297 I have lost nothing by it but a banyan shirt, a corner of my quilt, and my bible singed. 1773 R. Graves Spiritual Quixote III. xi. iv. 198 His banyan, with silver clasp, wrapt round His shrinking paunch. 1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 315 Even in the low country a light flannel banian (jacket or shirt) is of service. Compounds C1. attributive (in reference to the Banians' abstinence from flesh and sacred estimation of animal life): banian-day n. Nautical one on which no meat is served out. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > meal-time > [noun] > time or day for specific food flesh-dayc1440 flesh-timea1525 banian-day1748 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxv. 234 On Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, the ship's company had no allowance of meat, and..these meagre days were called banyan days. 1823 C. Lamb Christ's Hosp. in Elia 28 We had three banyan to four meat days in the week. banian-hospital n. one for animals. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > veterinary medicine and surgery > [noun] > animal hospital hospital1613 banian-hospital1813 1813 J. Forbes Oriental Mem. III. xxx. 129 A banian-hospital..where he saw a number of sick oxen, camels, and horses. C2. banian-tree n. (also banyan-tree; now often simply banyan) the Indian Fig Tree ( Ficus religiosa or indica) a remarkable East Indian tree, the branches of which drop shoots to the ground, that take root and support their parent branches; extending in this way, one tree will often cover a large expanse of ground.Banian Tree, Banians' Tree, Tree of the Banians, was originally a local appellation given by Europeans to an individual tree of this species growing near Gombroon on the Persian Gulf, under which the Banians, or Hindu traders settled in that port, had built a little pagoda; thence it was extended to others, and finally taken as the English name of the species. It is not so called in any Indian language. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > banyan tree Indian fig1382 Indian fig tree1594 banian-tree1638 war1687 peepul tree1783 burr1813 Brahminy fig tree1814 bo tree1820 bodhi tree1838 pagoda tree1876 waringin1889 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 122 A Tree (or rather twenty Trees, the boughs rooting and springing up a whole aker together)..namd by us the Bannyan Tree, from their adorning and adoring it with ribbons and streamers of varicoloured Taffata. c1650 tr. Tavernier I. 255 Near to the city of Ormus was a Bannians tree. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant iii. i. xiv. 25 The war-tree..called the tree of banians.] 1791 ‘T. Newte’ Prospects & Observ. Tour 416 The Banian tree of India, the most stupendous effort of vegetable nature. 1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. xii. 212 Most..send down roots from their branches like the banian. 1860 P. H. Gosse Romance Nat. Hist. 133 The banyan, or sacred fig of India. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1597
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