peripheryn.

Brit.

/pᵻˈrɪf(ə)ri/, U.S.

/pəˈrɪf(ə)ri/

Forms: Middle English–1700s periferie, 1500s–1600s peripherie, 1600s– periphery.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin periferia, peripheria; French peripherie.

Etymology: In Middle English < post-classical Latin periferia, peripheria (see below); in later use reborrowed < Middle French peripherie (1544; French périphérie ) and its etymon post-classical Latin peripheria (also periferia ) circumference (5th cent.), each of the three regions of air (a1393 in the Latin summary of Gower's Confessio Amantis: see quots. a1393¹ at sense 1, a1393² at sense 1) < ancient Greek περιϕέρεια circumference, rounded surface, curve, arc of a circle < περιϕερής rounded, curved, spherical, globular, revolving ( < περι- peri- prefix + -ϕερής ( < ϕέρειν to bear, carry: see bear v.¹), after περιϕέρειν to carry round) + -ία -y suffix³. Compare circumference n.

†1. Each of the three regions of air (lower, middle, and upper) which medieval cosmologists believed to surround the earth. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > [noun] > of earth > a layer of

peripherya1393

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 265 This Air in Periferies thre [L. in tribus Periferiis] Divided is.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 280 (MED) The ferste Periferie [L. Periferia] of alle Engendreth Myst and overmore The dewes and the Frostes hore.

a. A line that forms the boundary of something, esp. of a round or rounded surface; the circumference of a circle or other closed curvilinear figure; a perimeter. Formerly also: †an arc, a section of a circumference (obsolete). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun] > enclosing boundary > boundary line enclosing a surface

perimeter?a1425

outer line1530

perimetry?a1560

periphery?a1560

circumscription1578

periphere1611

peripheria1650

outline1828

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) iii. iii. sig. Q ij The side of the Cone augmented in halfe the Peripherie of his base.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xi. 84 The figure Ouall..keeping within one line for his periferie or compasse as the rounde.

1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements iii. 68 In equall circles..equall right lines..subtend equall peripheries.

1772 W. Bailey Machines Soc. Arts I. 252 The sliding bolt, which occasionally draws down the brake on the periphery of the walking wheel.

1797 Encycl. Brit. II. 522/2 A spectator at rest, without the periphery of the moon's orbit.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 667 A locomotive steam-engine does not exert the same constant force on the peripheries of the wheels of the carriage, when it moves at different velocities.

1858 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity 270 Whose vision is bounded by the periphery of a given creed.

1946 L. Toft & A. T. J. Kersey Theory of Machines (ed. 5) viii. 231 Each portion of the belt, as it passes from one pulley to the other, is taken round part of the periphery of a jockey pulley.

1993 G. Hayward in F. H. Hinsley & A. Stripp Codebreakers xxi. 177 The machine had ten enciphering rotors, each of which had a different number of teeth equally spaced around its periphery.

b. The external boundary or surface of a space or object; something forming such a boundary; a border, an edge. Also: the superficial or outer parts of the body, an organ, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun]

scalec1400

superfice?c1400

superficie?a1425

overfacec1475

plata1522

superficies1530

situation1558

outface1570

upperface1583

surface1600

superface1633

periphery1664

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva xxx. 100 Having thus marked out the ground..bare it of the Turf..which you are to rake up towards the Peripherie.

1671 J. Flamsteed Let. 3 May in Corr. (1995) I. 89 A perfect appearance of the sun..with a most nitid periphery.

1803 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 38/1 We possess the whole of the sea-coast, and enclose in a periphery the unfortunate King of Candia.

1841 C. J. Lever Charles O'Malley xiii In one instant he became the centre to a periphery of kicks: cuffs: pullings, and haulings.

1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 1 The lobules, which may be regarded as the pulmonary periphery.

1961 J. Stubblefield Davies's Introd. Palaeontol. (ed. 3) iv. 93 The outer surface or periphery is known from the anatomy of living species to be ventral.

1993 Eagle (Madison, New Jersey) 18 Feb. 1/4 One proposal would include replacement of about 96 large and 64 small handpainted tiles around the periphery of the fountain.

3. The region, space, or area surrounding something; a fringe, margin. Now chiefly: the outlying areas of a region, most distant from or least influenced by some political, cultural, or economic centre. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [noun] > that which surrounds > a surrounding space or area

perimetera1637

periphery1759

out-quarter1888

1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. 261 Spacious Peripheries of Enrichment.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 446 Some seem to dissolve..and hence spread their influence through very confined peripheries.

1872 tr. L. G. Figuier Human Race 49 Throughout the whole periphery of this country there exists no identity either of customs, language or religion.

1925 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 31 36 The marginal tribes on the periphery of an area are no longer truly representative of it.

1969 A. G. Frank Lat. Amer. (1970) xiv. 227 The metropolis sucks capital out of the periphery and uses its power to maintain the economic, political, social, and cultural structure of the periphery.

2002 T. Nairn Pariah ix. 101 This gives an opportunity for identitarian preachers to step in—frequently from the periphery.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	periphery
释义	peripheryn. Brit. /pᵻˈrɪf(ə)ri/, U.S. /pəˈrɪf(ə)ri/ Forms: Middle English–1700s periferie, 1500s–1600s peripherie, 1600s– periphery. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin periferia, peripheria; French peripherie. Etymology: In Middle English < post-classical Latin periferia, peripheria (see below); in later use reborrowed < Middle French peripherie (1544; French périphérie ) and its etymon post-classical Latin peripheria (also periferia ) circumference (5th cent.), each of the three regions of air (a1393 in the Latin summary of Gower's Confessio Amantis: see quots. a1393¹ at sense 1, a1393² at sense 1) < ancient Greek περιϕέρεια circumference, rounded surface, curve, arc of a circle < περιϕερής rounded, curved, spherical, globular, revolving ( < περι- peri- prefix + -ϕερής ( < ϕέρειν to bear, carry: see bear v.¹), after περιϕέρειν to carry round) + -ία -y suffix³. Compare circumference n. †1. Each of the three regions of air (lower, middle, and upper) which medieval cosmologists believed to surround the earth. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > [noun] > of earth > a layer of peripherya1393 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 265 This Air in Periferies thre [L. in tribus Periferiis] Divided is. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 280 (MED) The ferste Periferie [L. Periferia] of alle Engendreth Myst and overmore The dewes and the Frostes hore. 2. a. A line that forms the boundary of something, esp. of a round or rounded surface; the circumference of a circle or other closed curvilinear figure; a perimeter. Formerly also: †an arc, a section of a circumference (obsolete). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun] > enclosing boundary > boundary line enclosing a surface perimeter?a1425 outer line1530 perimetry?a1560 periphery?a1560 circumscription1578 periphere1611 peripheria1650 outline1828 ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) iii. iii. sig. Q ij The side of the Cone augmented in halfe the Peripherie of his base. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xi. 84 The figure Ouall..keeping within one line for his periferie or compasse as the rounde. 1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements iii. 68 In equall circles..equall right lines..subtend equall peripheries. 1772 W. Bailey Machines Soc. Arts I. 252 The sliding bolt, which occasionally draws down the brake on the periphery of the walking wheel. 1797 Encycl. Brit. II. 522/2 A spectator at rest, without the periphery of the moon's orbit. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 667 A locomotive steam-engine does not exert the same constant force on the peripheries of the wheels of the carriage, when it moves at different velocities. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity 270 Whose vision is bounded by the periphery of a given creed. 1946 L. Toft & A. T. J. Kersey Theory of Machines (ed. 5) viii. 231 Each portion of the belt, as it passes from one pulley to the other, is taken round part of the periphery of a jockey pulley. 1993 G. Hayward in F. H. Hinsley & A. Stripp Codebreakers xxi. 177 The machine had ten enciphering rotors, each of which had a different number of teeth equally spaced around its periphery. b. The external boundary or surface of a space or object; something forming such a boundary; a border, an edge. Also: the superficial or outer parts of the body, an organ, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] scalec1400 superfice?c1400 superficie?a1425 overfacec1475 plata1522 superficies1530 situation1558 outface1570 upperface1583 surface1600 superface1633 periphery1664 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva xxx. 100 Having thus marked out the ground..bare it of the Turf..which you are to rake up towards the Peripherie. 1671 J. Flamsteed Let. 3 May in Corr. (1995) I. 89 A perfect appearance of the sun..with a most nitid periphery. 1803 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 38/1 We possess the whole of the sea-coast, and enclose in a periphery the unfortunate King of Candia. 1841 C. J. Lever Charles O'Malley xiii In one instant he became the centre to a periphery of kicks: cuffs: pullings, and haulings. 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 1 The lobules, which may be regarded as the pulmonary periphery. 1961 J. Stubblefield Davies's Introd. Palaeontol. (ed. 3) iv. 93 The outer surface or periphery is known from the anatomy of living species to be ventral. 1993 Eagle (Madison, New Jersey) 18 Feb. 1/4 One proposal would include replacement of about 96 large and 64 small handpainted tiles around the periphery of the fountain. 3. The region, space, or area surrounding something; a fringe, margin. Now chiefly: the outlying areas of a region, most distant from or least influenced by some political, cultural, or economic centre. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [noun] > that which surrounds > a surrounding space or area perimetera1637 periphery1759 out-quarter1888 1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. 261 Spacious Peripheries of Enrichment. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 446 Some seem to dissolve..and hence spread their influence through very confined peripheries. 1872 tr. L. G. Figuier Human Race 49 Throughout the whole periphery of this country there exists no identity either of customs, language or religion. 1925 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 31 36 The marginal tribes on the periphery of an area are no longer truly representative of it. 1969 A. G. Frank Lat. Amer. (1970) xiv. 227 The metropolis sucks capital out of the periphery and uses its power to maintain the economic, political, social, and cultural structure of the periphery. 2002 T. Nairn Pariah ix. 101 This gives an opportunity for identitarian preachers to step in—frequently from the periphery. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1393
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