polytropicadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌpɒlɪˈtrɒpɪk/,

/ˌpɒlɪˈtrəʊpɪk/, U.S.

/ˌpɑliˈtrɑpɪk/

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek πολύτροπος , -ic suffix.

Etymology: < ancient Greek πολύτροπος turning many ways, versatile, etc., (also) much-travelled (epithet of Odysseus in Homer's Odyssey ( > post-classical Latin polytropus (a1540)); < πολυ- poly- comb. form + -τροπος : see -trope comb. form) + -ic suffix. Compare Italian politropo, epithet of Ulysses (a1566).In sense 3 after German polytrop (E. Loew 1884, in Jahrb. des Königl. Bot. Gartens u. des Bot. Museums Berlin 3 256). In sense 5a after German polytropisch ( G. Zeuner Technische Thermodynamik (ed. 3, 1887) I. xxix. 143).

1. Capable of taking various courses of action; adaptable, versatile.Frequently as an epithet of Odysseus (with allusion to Homer's Odyssey).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > [adjective] > having all-round ability

various1621

versatile1786

many-sided1823

omnicompetent1827

all-sided1833

polytropic1838

all round1867

1838 Fraser's Mag. 17 506 In the Odyssey..his polytropic powers are brought into full play.

1862 Temple Bar 6 243 We may encounter men in that city who are as polytropic as Ulysses.

1953 Compar. Lit. 5 131 Bloom, as polytropic (to adapt Homer's epithet in the first line of the Odyssey) in his creeds as in his interests and affections, has discarded all formal religion.

1986 R. Arbur Marion Zimmer (advt.) Just as quickly, however, she turned her polytropic talents to other fields, penning an incredible 7,000 encyclopedia articles during the mid-1950s.

2000 S. Connor Dumbstruck xiii. 311 The rest of the poem celebrates Monsieur Alexandre's infinite diversity, his capacity to move backwards and forwards in time, and between youth and age. At the end, the poem takes a kind of teasing revenge for being outdone by Alexandre's polytropic powers.

†2. Mathematics. Of a function: taking several different values for each value of the variable; many-valued. Cf. monotropic adj. 1. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1889 Cent. Dict. at Function Polydromic or polytropic function, one which is not monotropic.

3. Of a bee or other insect: visiting the flowers of many species. Cf. polytrophic adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [adjective] > belonging to division Petiolata > belonging to division Anthophila > of or belonging to bees > collecting nectar of different kinds of flowers

polytropic1899

polytrophic1900

1899 C. Robertson in Bot. Gaz. 28 29 If a bee has a long flight it must be regarded as polytropic.

1952 Amer. Midland Naturalist 48 106 Ps[eudomasaris] vespoides would by all odds be the most probably polytropic species in the genus.

1986 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 73 1618/1 The nectarivorous drepanids are polytropic.

4. Of a poison: affecting more than one type of tissue. rare.

ΚΠ

1901 Lancet 16 Mar. 784/1 In the case of ‘polytropic’ poisons..the chief response—i.e., the chief antitoxin production—might take place in tissues which the clinician could not discover to have been affected.

a. Physics. Relating to or characterized by the constraint that pressure and volume vary in such a way that a specific heat remains constant, or (more widely) by the constraint that pressure, temperature, entropy, and volume vary in such a way that a particular property remains constant. Also (rarely) as n.: a graph showing such a variation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > [adjective] > of constant specific heat

polytropic1907

polytrope1939

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > thermodynamics > [adjective] > gas or process of with constant specific heat

polytropic1907

1907 J. F. Klein tr. G. Zeuner Techn. Thermodynamics I. xxix. 152 If the initial condition is given by p₁ and v₁, we accordingly have pvⁿ = p₁v₁ⁿ..as the equation of the sought pressure curve, which we will hereafter call the polytropic curve.

1939 S. Chandrasekhar Introd. Study Stellar Struct. ii. 40 An adiabatic..is a polytropic of zero specific heat, and an isothermal a polytropic of infinite heat capacity.

1946 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 32 289 The equation for the velocity potential of a compressible fluid in two-dimensional steady polytropic flow in Cartesian coördinates x, y is [etc.].

1999 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 357 317 We use the model of Keller & Miksis..for air bubbles in water at 20 °C with the polytropic exponent κ = 1.4.

b. Astronomy. Of or relating to a star modelled as a sphere in hydrostatic equilibrium such that at a given radial distance the pressure P and density ρ are related by P = Kρ^{(n + 1)/n}, where K is a constant.

ΚΠ

1926 A. S. Eddington Internal Constit. Stars iv. 94 A class of problems arises in which the polytropic condition..applies only to part of the star.

1976 Nature 17 June 561/1 The moment of inertia of a spherical star can be written I = km_pNR² where for stable polytropic stars 0·04≤k≤0·132.

1983 D. D. Clayton Princ. Stellar Evol. & Nucleo-synthesis ii. 165 We have considered only uniform polytropes of homogeneous composition, whereas it is possible to divide stars into polytropic shells or mixed polytropes.

1997 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 453 944 Low frequency oscillations..that have their upper turning points..in those layers where the mean solar stratification is still polytropic.

Compounds

polytropic index n. Astronomy and Physics a parameter n in the exponent of the equation relating pressure to density for a polytrope.

ΚΠ

1936 Sci. Monthly Nov. 392/2 The density distribution near the outside [of the star] has a polytropic index 3 which gradually diminishes to 1.5 at the center.

1954 J. L. Greenstein in L. N. Ridenour Mod. Physics for Engineer 260 The gas law was assumed that of a polytrope, i.e., one which through the entire star could be written as P = K^(1+n)/n..where n is the polytropic index and g the ratio of specific heats.

1958 M. Schwarzschild Structure & Evol. Stars (1965) iii. 109 Stellar models in which the polytropic index is constant from center to surface have played an important role in the development of the theory of the stellar interior.

1999 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 357 254 κ is the polytropic index of the gas in the bubble, δ..is the dimensionless buoyancy parameter.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	polytropic
释义	polytropicadj.n. Brit. /ˌpɒlɪˈtrɒpɪk/, /ˌpɒlɪˈtrəʊpɪk/, U.S. /ˌpɑliˈtrɑpɪk/ Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek πολύτροπος , -ic suffix. Etymology: < ancient Greek πολύτροπος turning many ways, versatile, etc., (also) much-travelled (epithet of Odysseus in Homer's Odyssey ( > post-classical Latin polytropus (a1540)); < πολυ- poly- comb. form + -τροπος : see -trope comb. form) + -ic suffix. Compare Italian politropo, epithet of Ulysses (a1566).In sense 3 after German polytrop (E. Loew 1884, in Jahrb. des Königl. Bot. Gartens u. des Bot. Museums Berlin 3 256). In sense 5a after German polytropisch ( G. Zeuner Technische Thermodynamik (ed. 3, 1887) I. xxix. 143). 1. Capable of taking various courses of action; adaptable, versatile.Frequently as an epithet of Odysseus (with allusion to Homer's Odyssey). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > [adjective] > having all-round ability various1621 versatile1786 many-sided1823 omnicompetent1827 all-sided1833 polytropic1838 all round1867 1838 Fraser's Mag. 17 506 In the Odyssey..his polytropic powers are brought into full play. 1862 Temple Bar 6 243 We may encounter men in that city who are as polytropic as Ulysses. 1953 Compar. Lit. 5 131 Bloom, as polytropic (to adapt Homer's epithet in the first line of the Odyssey) in his creeds as in his interests and affections, has discarded all formal religion. 1986 R. Arbur Marion Zimmer (advt.) Just as quickly, however, she turned her polytropic talents to other fields, penning an incredible 7,000 encyclopedia articles during the mid-1950s. 2000 S. Connor Dumbstruck xiii. 311 The rest of the poem celebrates Monsieur Alexandre's infinite diversity, his capacity to move backwards and forwards in time, and between youth and age. At the end, the poem takes a kind of teasing revenge for being outdone by Alexandre's polytropic powers. †2. Mathematics. Of a function: taking several different values for each value of the variable; many-valued. Cf. monotropic adj. 1. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1889 Cent. Dict. at Function Polydromic or polytropic function, one which is not monotropic. 3. Of a bee or other insect: visiting the flowers of many species. Cf. polytrophic adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [adjective] > belonging to division Petiolata > belonging to division Anthophila > of or belonging to bees > collecting nectar of different kinds of flowers polytropic1899 polytrophic1900 1899 C. Robertson in Bot. Gaz. 28 29 If a bee has a long flight it must be regarded as polytropic. 1952 Amer. Midland Naturalist 48 106 Ps[eudomasaris] vespoides would by all odds be the most probably polytropic species in the genus. 1986 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 73 1618/1 The nectarivorous drepanids are polytropic. 4. Of a poison: affecting more than one type of tissue. rare. ΚΠ 1901 Lancet 16 Mar. 784/1 In the case of ‘polytropic’ poisons..the chief response—i.e., the chief antitoxin production—might take place in tissues which the clinician could not discover to have been affected. 5. a. Physics. Relating to or characterized by the constraint that pressure and volume vary in such a way that a specific heat remains constant, or (more widely) by the constraint that pressure, temperature, entropy, and volume vary in such a way that a particular property remains constant. Also (rarely) as n.: a graph showing such a variation. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > [adjective] > of constant specific heat polytropic1907 polytrope1939 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > thermodynamics > [adjective] > gas or process of with constant specific heat polytropic1907 1907 J. F. Klein tr. G. Zeuner Techn. Thermodynamics I. xxix. 152 If the initial condition is given by p₁ and v₁, we accordingly have pvⁿ = p₁v₁ⁿ..as the equation of the sought pressure curve, which we will hereafter call the polytropic curve. 1939 S. Chandrasekhar Introd. Study Stellar Struct. ii. 40 An adiabatic..is a polytropic of zero specific heat, and an isothermal a polytropic of infinite heat capacity. 1946 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 32 289 The equation for the velocity potential of a compressible fluid in two-dimensional steady polytropic flow in Cartesian coördinates x, y is [etc.]. 1999 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 357 317 We use the model of Keller & Miksis..for air bubbles in water at 20 °C with the polytropic exponent κ = 1.4. b. Astronomy. Of or relating to a star modelled as a sphere in hydrostatic equilibrium such that at a given radial distance the pressure P and density ρ are related by P = Kρ^{(n + 1)/n}, where K is a constant. ΚΠ 1926 A. S. Eddington Internal Constit. Stars iv. 94 A class of problems arises in which the polytropic condition..applies only to part of the star. 1976 Nature 17 June 561/1 The moment of inertia of a spherical star can be written I = km_pNR² where for stable polytropic stars 0·04≤k≤0·132. 1983 D. D. Clayton Princ. Stellar Evol. & Nucleo-synthesis ii. 165 We have considered only uniform polytropes of homogeneous composition, whereas it is possible to divide stars into polytropic shells or mixed polytropes. 1997 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 453 944 Low frequency oscillations..that have their upper turning points..in those layers where the mean solar stratification is still polytropic. Compounds polytropic index n. Astronomy and Physics a parameter n in the exponent of the equation relating pressure to density for a polytrope. ΚΠ 1936 Sci. Monthly Nov. 392/2 The density distribution near the outside [of the star] has a polytropic index 3 which gradually diminishes to 1.5 at the center. 1954 J. L. Greenstein in L. N. Ridenour Mod. Physics for Engineer 260 The gas law was assumed that of a polytrope, i.e., one which through the entire star could be written as P = K^(1+n)/n..where n is the polytropic index and g the ratio of specific heats. 1958 M. Schwarzschild Structure & Evol. Stars (1965) iii. 109 Stellar models in which the polytropic index is constant from center to surface have played an important role in the development of the theory of the stellar interior. 1999 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 357 254 κ is the polytropic index of the gas in the bubble, δ..is the dimensionless buoyancy parameter. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1838
随便看	undishonoured undisinheritable undisjoined undisjointed undislocated undislodged undismantled undismayable undismayed undismembered undismissed undisobliging undisonant undisordered undisparaged undispatchable undispatched undispatching undispellable undispelled undispended undispensable undispensably undispensed undispensing