| 释义 |
begetn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a word inherited from Germanic. Partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: beget v. Etymology: Originally < an ablaut variant (lengthened grade) of the same Germanic base as beget v. In later use directly < beget v.In Old English apparently a strong neuter (ja -stem) begēate (Anglian begēte ), formed on the lengthened grade of the verbal base (as shown by past tense plural forms of beget v.; compare also the similarly formed adjective begēate obtainable (only as the second element in compounds: see begotten adj.). Forms show the influence of beget v. already in early Middle English (compare forms and discussion at that entry, especially for the phonetic value of the initial consonant of the stem and orthographic conventions regarding its representation). Now rare. †1. the mind > possession > acquisition > [noun] > something desirable or advantageous OE Ælfric (Royal) (1997) xvii. 314 Mid lare he sceal him tæcan þæt hi cunnon, hwæt deoful tæhð mannum to forwyrde; & hwæt God bebyt to gehealdenne, for begeate þæs ecan lifes. a1225 (c1200) (1888) 79 (MED) Sume..befasteð here paneȝes ðe haðene menn, for to habben of hem biȝeate; and sume hi læneð here emcristen te halue biȝeate. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 128 Þe þridde reisun of þe worldes flucht is þe biȝete of heouene. a1250 Lofsong Louerde in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 213 Iblesced beo þet þus went lure to biȝeate. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) Prol. l. 304 For Pompe and for beyete. OE Ælfric (Cambr. Gg.3.28) vii. 63 Ne ondræt ðu ðe to dælenne... Cyð mildheortnysse earmum mannum mid þinum begeate [other MSS begeatum]. OE Will of Æðelgifu (Sawyer 1497) in D. Whitelock (1968) 15 Eall se freot & eall seo ælmesse þe her gecweden is hyo wile þæt hit beo heore ælmessa for þon hit wæron hire hlafordes begeto. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 16835 Þeȝȝ droȝhenn þeȝȝre spell Towarrd erþliȝ biȝæte. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris (1873) 2nd Ser. 37 Þe fule man..folegeð his wombes wil and of unrihte bigete ofte filleð. a1250 (?a1200) (Nero) (1952) 71 He biȝet þeos þreo biȝeaten. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 896 Habram gaf him ðe tigðe del Of alle is bigete. ?c1335 in W. Heuser (1904) 136 Ich [sc. a wolf] huntid vp þe doune To loke, sire, mi biȝete. a1425 (?a1300) (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 2126 Ȝe schul haue after bataile Alle þe byȝates saun faile Y kepe nouȝt bote honour Al þe byȝate schal beo ȝour. a1450 (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 4810 Al to smal is oure begete. a1500 (Rawl.) (1896) 81 (MED) With mo shippes and gret begetes [a1525 Trin. Dublin beyetes] of wepyn and of Pylfre. 2. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > progeny or offspring c1300 St. Michael (Laud) l. 242 in C. Horstmann (1887) 306 Þe schrewene..liggez ofte bi wommen..Ake þulke bi-ȝete þat huy bi-ȝetez neuere ne cometh to guode. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) l. 883 Euerich day þat biȝete In hir wombe bigan to grete. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham (1902) 66 And eke hem þat hym hebbeþ so, And alle hare biȝete. c1450 (a1375) (Calig.) (1979) l. 848 He was som gentylmannes beȝete. 1979 B. Tarrant in Mar. 190/1 The red setter is a fox-bright, fox-light, usually white-blazed, clay-colored beget of an Irish setter/English setter outcross-and-breedback. 1987 Jan. 90/3 Our ‘All-American’ will want to buy his pup from the beget of some national champion bird dog. 2006 T. Piccirilli i. 10 The beget…the offspring…of the soulthief is still in its genuine form. the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) l. 1414 Al he teld þer þe king Of his biȝete, of his bereing. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) l. 1575 We seiȝen..Ouer ous a sky houe Þat ous schewed þe biȝate [rhyme late] Of swiche a þing..Þurth was blod þe castel Schuld stond fair and wel. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) l. 4584 Sche him teld anon Arthours biȝete of Vter Pendragon. 1928 13 Jan. 22/3 He never wrote those interminable genealogies, those successors of the ‘begets,’ which so many contemporary novelists dump upon us. 1978 H. T. Bryson v. 53 They started reading the ‘begets’. 1995 S. Birmingham ii. 52 She creased open the New Testament... ‘I know how to find you a name. We'll go to the Begets’. 2000 (Nexis) 13 Sept. 4 She sent me to her second cousin Cathy, the family expert on begets and begats. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). begetv. Inflections: Past tense begot, begat; past participle begotten, begot; Forms: 1. Present stem. α. early Old English bigeotan (Mercian), early Old English bigietan, Old English begeatta (Northumbrian), Old English begeotan (rare), Old English begetan (rare), Old English begetta (Northumbrian), Old English begietan, Old English begitan, Old English begiotan (rare), Old English begytan, Old English begyttan (rare), Old English bigetan (rare), Old English bigetta (Northumbrian), Old English bigitan (rare), Old English begyst (2nd singular indicative), Old English bogitenne (inflected infinitive, transmission error), late Old English beieton, early Middle English bigæte, early Middle English beȝiete, early Middle English beȝyte, early Middle English biȝeote (south-west midlands), early Middle English biȝutte (south-west midlands), early Middle English biȝyte, early Middle English byete, Middle English beȝute (south-western), Middle English beyete, Middle English biȝete, Middle English biȝite, Middle English biȝute (south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English byȝute (south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English byȝyte; also 3rd singular indicative early Old English beget, Old English begiit (rare), Old English begit, Old English begitt, Old English begyt, Old English begytt, early Middle English begeote, early Middle English beȝett, early Middle English beȝit, early Middle English biȝet, early Middle English biȝyt, Middle English biȝit. β. Middle English bigete, Middle English bighite, Middle English–1600s begete, 1500s bygete, 1500s–1600s begett, 1500s–1600s begette, 1500s– beget, 1600s biget; also Scottish pre-1700 begat, pre-1700 beget. 2. Past tense. a. Originally 1st and 3rd singular indicative. α. early Old English bigaet, early Old English biget (Mercian), Old English begæt, Old English begætt (Northumbrian), Old English begeat, Old English beget, Old English begęt (rare), Old English bigeat (rare), late Old English beiæt, late Old English beiet, early Middle English begæt, early Middle English beȝeat, early Middle English biȝeat, Middle English biȝat, Middle English biȝate, Middle English biȝatt, Middle English biȝet, Middle English biȝete. β. early Middle English bigatt ( Ormulum), early Middle English bigeat (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English begait, Middle English bigat, Middle English biget, Middle English bygat, Middle English bygate, Middle English–1500s begett, Middle English–1500s bigate, Middle English–1600s begate, Middle English–1600s begatt, Middle English–1600s begatte, Middle English– begat, late Middle English– begot, 1500s begete, 1500s–1600s begote, 1500s–1600s begott, 1500s–1600s begotte; also Scottish pre-1700 begat, pre-1700 begate, pre-1700 begatt. b. Plural. early Old English bigetun ( Mercian), Old English begæton ( rare), Old English begeaton, Old English begeton, early Middle English biȝeten, early Middle English biȝetæn. 3. Past participle. α. early Old English begieten, Old English begeten, Old English begitan (rare), Old English begiten, Old English begytan (rare), Old English begyten, Old English beiyten (rare), Old English bigeten (rare), Old English bigetten (Northumbrian), Old English bigiten (rare), late Old English begeotan, late Old English begeoten, late Old English begetan, late Old English beieten, late Old English begyte, early Middle English biȝetenn ( Ormulum), Middle English beȝete, Middle English beȝeten, Middle English beȝute (south-western), Middle English beyete, Middle English biȝete, Middle English biȝeten, Middle English biȝiete, Middle English biȝite, Middle English biȝiten, Middle English biȝute (chiefly south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English byȝete, Middle English byȝute (south-west midlands and south-western), Middle English byȝyte. β. early Middle English begitan (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English beget, Middle English begete, Middle English begeten, Middle English begeteth (irregular, apparently for purposes of rhyme), Middle English begette, Middle English begetten, Middle English begettyn, Middle English begetyn, Middle English begetyne, Middle English begoton, Middle English bigete, Middle English bigeten, Middle English bigetun, Middle English bighite, Middle English bigote, Middle English bigoten, Middle English bygeete, Middle English bygete, Middle English bygetyn, Middle English byghetyn, Middle English bygotyn, Middle English ibegote, Middle English ibigete, Middle English ybygete, Middle English–1500s begote, Middle English–1500s begotyn, Middle English–1500s bygeten, Middle English–1500s bygoten, Middle English–1600s begotin, Middle English–1600s bigotten, Middle English–1700s begoten, Middle English– begotten, late Middle English (in a late copy)–1600s begotte, 1500s begett, 1500s biget, 1500s–1600s begott, 1500s–1600s (rare) (1700s– nonstandard) begat, 1500s– begot; also Scottish pre-1700 beget, pre-1700 begottan, pre-1700 begottin, pre-1700 begottyn, pre-1700 byget. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon bigetan to seize, Old High German bigezzan to obtain, get hold of, attain, Gothic bi-gitan to find < the Germanic base of be- prefix + the Germanic base of get v. Form history. In Old English a strong verb of class V. The initial consonant of the stem was palatalized before a front vowel in all stem forms in Old English (see α forms), although the palatalized consonant is not usually distinguished in spelling until early Middle English when ȝ and g gradually came to be contrasted (compare discussion at G n.). (Somewhat confusingly, Old English insular g is conventionally rendered g in modern editions, as also in this dictionary.) The β forms (including the modern standard form) show alteration after get v. by substitution of plosive /ɡ/ for palatal /j/ in early Middle English; compare discussion at get v. (and for a parallel alteration of a prefixed form of Old English -gietan compare forget v.). Occasional examples from the transitional English of the 12th cent. of the continental graph g (probably) representing palatal /j/ have been assigned to the α forms (e.g. quot. ?a1160 at sense 1α. ). Changes to the stem vowel caused by the preceding palatalized consonant occur especially in the West Saxon dialect of Old English; compare the early West Saxon infinitive begietan and forms such as Middle English biȝite at Forms 1α. . The regular Old English past tense forms are: 1st and 3rd singular indicative: West Saxon begeat (Anglian begæt ); plural: West Saxon begēaton (Anglian begēton ). Compare Middle English (singular) biȝat at Forms 2aα. , (plural) biȝeten at Forms 2b, although further variation, especially of vowel length, arises in Middle English as a result of phonetic environment and analogical levelling. As with get v., past forms with stem vowel -o- first arise in the past participle, gradually replacing inherited forms with -e- such as beȝeten, begeten (see Forms 3α. , 3bβ. ), and then spread to the past tense; compare discussion at get v. Later currency of the past tense form begat is largely in allusions to and echoes of various (extensive) lists of genealogical descent as enumerated in the Bible, where the King James Bible has begat ; compare begat n. Early sense development. In Old English sense 1 is very common and shows a considerable range of uses and subsenses (some of which survive into Middle English), while sense 2 is comparatively rare (the usual word for this sense in Old English is acennan aken v.1). Forms with double prefixation. In Old English the following rare forms with double prefixation are attested (each in one isolated attestation): ge-begietan to obtain, secure (compare y- prefix), although this has alternatively been interpreted as showing a scribal error, tō-begietan to obtain, purchase (compare to- prefix1), and (Northumbrian) inn-bigeata to discover, find out (compare in- prefix1). the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > obtain or acquire in a certain way > by care or effort α. eOE (Corpus Cambr. 173) Introd. xvi. 32 Gif hwa slea his ðone nehstan mid stane oððe mid fyste, & he þeah utgongan mæge bi stafe, begite him læce & wyrce his weorc ða hwile þe he self ne mæge. OE (2008) 1146 Swylce ferhðfrecan Fin eft begeat sweordbealo sliðen æt his selfes ham. OE Ælfric (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxvii. 244 Þæt feoh ðe ðu mid yfelum cræfte begeate, aspend on godes ðearfum. lOE (Laud) anno 1087 Ferdon þa toweard Hrofeceastre & woldon þone biscop Odan begytan. lOE (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1127 Þa forlæs he þet mid rihte, forþi þet he hit hæfde æror beieten mid unrihte. ?a1160 (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 He..wæs wæl underfangen fram þe pape Eugenie & begæt thare priuilegies. a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) 336 in J. Zupitza & J. Schipper (1904) 90 Werie we us wið sunne Mid ða wepne ðe god haueð bi ȝiten [a1200 Trin. Cambr. ȝieue, a1225 Digby iȝeuen, ?c1250 Egerton ȝiuen, a1300 Jesus Oxf. yeuen, a1300 McClean biteȝte] man cunne. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 146 Habiȝeoteð þe blisfule kempene crune. c1275 (?c1250) (Calig.) (1935) l. 726 Þat he þe murȝþe ne uorȝete, Ac þar of þenche & bi ȝete, An nime ȝeme of chirche steuene, Hu murie is þe blisse of houene. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) i. l. 1194 (MED) Whan he weneth most beyete, Thanne is he schape most to lese. 2. a. Of a father or (now less commonly) both parents: to bring (a child) into existence by the process of reproduction; to procreate. Also of an animal: to sire. Also figurative. Somewhat literary. the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)] α. eOE (Kentish) Will of Abba (Sawyer 1482) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly (2013) 663 Gif me ðonne gifeðe sie ðæt ic bearn begeotan ne mege, þonne is min willa þæt hit [sc. the land] hæbbe min wiif. OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz (Corpus Cambr. 191) lxxi. 311 Forhebbon hi..and hæmon rihtlicum timum þæt hi þa bearn begyton þe for Gode and for worolde wyrðe beon yrfeweardnysse. a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) l. 105 in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 165 Hwi weren ho biȝeten [a1200 Trin. Cambr. biȝiete, a1225 Digby biȝete, a1225 Egerton bi ȝite, a1300 Jesus Oxf. bi-yete] to hwon weren ho iborene? c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 7881 Þus wes Marlin biȝeten [c1300 Otho bi-ȝete] & iboren of his moder. c1300 (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 119 Bituene hem biȝute was The gode child of wham we speketh. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iii. l. 144 (MED) Þe fend ys hus syre, And as a bastard ybore byȝute [c1400 Vesp. bigete, a1425 Huntington HM 143 byȝete, a1425 Cambr. Ff.5.35 beȝeten] was he neuere. the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (transitive)] > beget α. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 10633 Sire morisse of berkeleye weddede..Is doȝter & biȝet on hire þe kniȝt sir tomas. b. Theology. the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [verb (transitive)] > beget (Christ) α. c1350 Athanasian Creed (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring (1891) 195 He his God, of þe substaunce of þe fader biȝeten to-fore þe worldes; & man, of þe substaunce of þe moder born in þe world. society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > regeneration > regenerate [verb (transitive)] c1384 [implied in: (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Titus iii. 5 By waischynge, or baptym, of aȝen bigetyng [a1400 Adv. biheetynge; L. regenerationis]. (at again- comb. form 6)]. a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) 1 Pet. i. 3 Which bi his greet merci bigat [c1384 E.V. gendride; 1611 King James hath begotten] vs aȝen in to lyuynge hope. 1570 A. Golding tr. D. Chytræus 173 They can not become the sonnes of God and inheriters of euerlasting lyfe and saluation, before such tyme as they bee borne agein or begotten agein of God. 1604 J. Downham ii. xviii. 319 Hereby we are regenerated and begotten vnto God. a1626 L. Andrewes (1629) xi. 499 There is, in hope, a kind of regendring power: It begets men (as it were) anew. 1785 viii. 230 He it is begets us by his word and Spirit. ?1854 R. Hamilton 65 The soul is no more to be regenerated, born again, or rather begotten again, than is the body. 1872 564/1 With that new life, to which as the quickening Spirit He now begets us, our Lord himself has taught us..to connect the future resurrection of the body. 1915 May 484/2 All men are natural men except such as have been begotten again by the Holy Spirit. 2005 J. Farrelly ix. 269 From one perspective through faith the Father begets us as sons and daughters. the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > give rise to c1443 R. Pecock (1927) 34 (MED) Whiche were neuer of oure fadir and modir, þat is to seie of resoun and scripture, neiþer bigetun neiþer boren. 1581 W. Lambarde i. xvi. 123 The doing thereof doth also beget a forfeiture of the Recognusance that is made. 1598 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 69 His eye begets occasion for his wit. View more context for this quotation a1674 T. Traherne (1675) 71 Fire begets Water by melting Ice. 1691 J. Ray 216 How can all these things..but beget Wonder. 1752 D. Hume x. 203 Excessive severity in the laws is apt to beget great relaxation in their execution. 1785 W. Cowper v. 618 Remorse begets reform. 1845 E. Miall in 5 133 One falsehood usually begets a necessity for a dozen others. 1893 G. Smith 156 Anybody can guess what titles and title-hunting in colonial society must beget. 1942 30 Dec. 5/2 The..emotional impulses begotten by the war have raised the consciousness of common interests. 1968 E. Bowen (1969) ii. ii. 201 The house which begat the quarrel. 1991 R. Davies iii. ix. 118 Godliness begets Industry; Industry begets Wealth; Wealth begets Ungodliness. 2003 (Nexis) 23 Jan. 9 Peaceniks argue: Violence begets violence. Phrasesthe world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > fecundation or impregnation > [verb (transitive)] a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vi. l. 1461 (MED) He begat Circes with childe. ?c1450 tr. (1906) 6 (MED) That other knight..be-gate her with childe. 1545 J. Bale f. 19 Pope Iohan the .viii. was a woman, & was begotten with chylde. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. i. 510 There's one whom he begot with childe . View more context for this quotation 1785 561 The Justice shall then proceed to take her..examination in writing.., respecting..the time and place where she was begotten with child. 1852 J. Iredell 13 28 By some of these connections, she was begotten with child. 2002 V. Malvey i. 6 Gentlemen..want nothing more than to marry someone.., beget her with child, then resume their debased pastimes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.OE v.eOE |
