Protoctistan.

Brit.

/ˌprəʊtɒkˈtɪstə/, U.S.

/ˌproʊˌtɑkˈtɪstə/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Protoctista.

Etymology: < scientific Latin Protoctista (attributed to T. L. Phipson in Jrnl. Soc. Sci. Méd. et Nat. de Bruxelles (1856–61) 23, but elsewhere to J. Hogg: see quot. 1860) < ancient Greek πρωτο- proto- comb. form + κτιστά , plural of κτιστόν (attested in Hellenistic Greek denoting a building), use as noun of neuter of κτιστός wrought < κτίζειν to found, build, to produce, create ( < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit kṣi to dwell) + -τός , suffix forming verbal adjectives. Compare later Protista n.

Biology.

With singular agreement. A kingdom comprising simple eukaryotic organisms which are regarded as intermediate between plants and animals or distinct from both, including unicellular and colonial organisms and closely related multicellular forms (chiefly algae, and formerly also fungi). With plural agreement: organisms of this group collectively.The group was originally conceived (like Haeckel's ‘Protista’) to accommodate organisms that were not clearly classifiable as plants or animals (including protists, algae, and fungi), and was revived by H. F. Copeland (with prokaryotes excluded). Although usually regarded as polyphyletic, Protoctista is retained in some modern systems (generally with fungi also excluded), especially for a kingdom which includes not only unicells but also multicellular algae (for which the term Protista, associated mainly with unicellular forms, may be thought unsuitable).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > organisms by number or kind of cells > [noun] > eukaryote

Protoctista1860

eukaryote1961

eukaryon1990

1860 J. Hogg in Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 12 223 The Primigenal kingdom would comprise all the lower creatures, or the primary organic beings,—‘Protoctista’,—from προτος, first, and χτιστά., created beings;—both Protophyta, or those considered now by many as lower or primary beings having more the nature of plants; and Protozoa, or such as are esteemed as lower or primary beings, having rather the nature of animals.

1947 H. F. Copeland in Amer. Naturalist 81 358 The remaining phyla of Protoctista include organisms which..are believed to have evolved independently of one another.., and to have led to nothing further.

1971 Evolution 25 245 These changes also incorporate the suggestion of Olive..to put the slime molds..and the slime net amoebae..back into the Kingdom Protista (or Protoctista).

1991 New Scientist 23 Mar. 49/1 The Protoctista includes protists, which have only a few cells or just one, as well as their much larger descendants.

2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. i. 100 The term ‘Protoctista’..does not describe a formal taxon that can be defended.., and seems to have no obvious niche as an informal adjective because it includes both protists and seaweeds, which in general are not protistan.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	protoctista
释义	Protoctistan. Brit. /ˌprəʊtɒkˈtɪstə/, U.S. /ˌproʊˌtɑkˈtɪstə/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Protoctista. Etymology: < scientific Latin Protoctista (attributed to T. L. Phipson in Jrnl. Soc. Sci. Méd. et Nat. de Bruxelles (1856–61) 23, but elsewhere to J. Hogg: see quot. 1860) < ancient Greek πρωτο- proto- comb. form + κτιστά , plural of κτιστόν (attested in Hellenistic Greek denoting a building), use as noun of neuter of κτιστός wrought < κτίζειν to found, build, to produce, create ( < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit kṣi to dwell) + -τός , suffix forming verbal adjectives. Compare later Protista n. Biology. With singular agreement. A kingdom comprising simple eukaryotic organisms which are regarded as intermediate between plants and animals or distinct from both, including unicellular and colonial organisms and closely related multicellular forms (chiefly algae, and formerly also fungi). With plural agreement: organisms of this group collectively.The group was originally conceived (like Haeckel's ‘Protista’) to accommodate organisms that were not clearly classifiable as plants or animals (including protists, algae, and fungi), and was revived by H. F. Copeland (with prokaryotes excluded). Although usually regarded as polyphyletic, Protoctista is retained in some modern systems (generally with fungi also excluded), especially for a kingdom which includes not only unicells but also multicellular algae (for which the term Protista, associated mainly with unicellular forms, may be thought unsuitable). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > organisms by number or kind of cells > [noun] > eukaryote Protoctista1860 eukaryote1961 eukaryon1990 1860 J. Hogg in Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 12 223 The Primigenal kingdom would comprise all the lower creatures, or the primary organic beings,—‘Protoctista’,—from προτος, first, and χτιστά., created beings;—both Protophyta, or those considered now by many as lower or primary beings having more the nature of plants; and Protozoa, or such as are esteemed as lower or primary beings, having rather the nature of animals. 1947 H. F. Copeland in Amer. Naturalist 81 358 The remaining phyla of Protoctista include organisms which..are believed to have evolved independently of one another.., and to have led to nothing further. 1971 Evolution 25 245 These changes also incorporate the suggestion of Olive..to put the slime molds..and the slime net amoebae..back into the Kingdom Protista (or Protoctista). 1991 New Scientist 23 Mar. 49/1 The Protoctista includes protists, which have only a few cells or just one, as well as their much larger descendants. 2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. i. 100 The term ‘Protoctista’..does not describe a formal taxon that can be defended.., and seems to have no obvious niche as an informal adjective because it includes both protists and seaweeds, which in general are not protistan. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1860
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