pyknicadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈpɪknɪk/, U.S.

/ˈpɪkˌnɪk/

Forms: 1900s– pycnic, 1900s– pyknic.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: Greek πυκνός , -ic suffix.

Etymology: < ancient Greek πυκνός thick, close-packed (see pycno- comb. form) + -ic suffix, after German pyknisch ( E. Kretschmer Körperbau u. Charakter (1921) ii. 12). Compare French pycnique (1924 as pyknique).

Cultural Anthropology.

A. adj.

In Kretschmer's theory of human physical and corresponding temperamental types: of or relating to a stocky physique with a rounded body and head, thickset trunk, and a tendency to fat, frequently associated with a cyclothymic temperament; designating this type. Later (more generally): endomorphic. Cf. asthenic adj. b, athletic adj. 3, leptosomic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily height > shortness > [adjective] > and broad

short shoulderedc1405

bunting1584

squaddy1593

chubby1611

truncheon1611

squat1630

squabbish1666

truss1674

squab1675

squad1675

stocky1676

punch1679

trunch1683

squat1688

stub1711

fodgel1724

thick-set1724

puddy1747

chunky1749

dumpy1750

squabby1754

knurly1758

clunch1776

trunchy1778

fubsy1780

punchy1780

humpty-dumpty1785

trunched1787

pudgy1788

fubby1790

runty1807

squattish1809

roly-poly1818

stumpy1822

hoddy-doddy1824

spuddya1825

hodmandod1825

stubby1831

podgy1832

fubsical1834

dumpty1847

fatling1847

stuggy1847

nuggety1856

cloddy1876

blocky1879

chumpy188.

cobby1883

squidgy1891

stockish1913

pyknic1925

humpisha1935

1925 W. J. H. Sprott tr. E. Kretschmer Physique & Char. i. ii. 29 The pyknic type [Ger. der pyknische Typus]..is characterised by the pronounced peripheral development of the body cavities (head, breast, and stomach), and a tendency to..fat about the trunk.

1940 W. H. Sheldon Varieties Human Physique iii. 32 Much of the confusion associated with Kretschmer's terminology arises from the fact that his term ‘pyknic’ actually applies to a physique combining endomorphy and mesomorphy.

1960 J. Comas Man. Physical Anthropol. vi. 340 A well-developed thorax predominates over the shoulders in the pyknic type.

1975 A. Ferraro in S. Arieti Amer. Handbk. Psychiatry (ed. 2) IV. 103/1 Badia found that the megalosplanchnic type of Viola, or pycnic type of Kretschmer, discloses a tendency to chronic changes in the blood vessels of the heart.

1995 Anthropologischer Anzeiger 53 239 Comparative changes of body proportions..in the groups of purely pyknic and leptosomic women are based on the corresponding values of their body height and weight.

B. n.

A person with a pyknic physique.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily height > shortness > [noun] > and broadness > person

knarc1405

hoddy-doddya1556

trunk1586

truncheon1601

stump1602

fubs1614

dumpling1617

punch1669

Punchinello1669

spud1688

knur1691

knurl1691

runt1699

squab1699

swad1706

humpty-dumpty1785

junt1787

knurlinga1796

pudge1808

stumpie1820

nugget1825

podge1834

dump1840

dumpy1868

pyknic1925

mesomorph1940

1925 W. J. H. Sprott tr. E. Kretschmer Physique & Char. i. ii. 29 The pyknics tend emphatically to a covering of fat.

1960 J. Comas Man. Physical Anthropol. vi. 341 According to the Italian biotypologists, the average or normal type is located between the leptosomes (slender type) and the pyknics (broad type).

1971 J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man xxxix. 576 Kretschmer..found that his pyknics tended to be what Jung called extroverted.

2003 Arizona Republic (Nexis) 21 Oct. 6 There are pyknics, short and stocky folk, and asthenics, thin, weak and presumably typified by the puny guy who always gets sand kicked in his face at the beach.

Compounds

pyknic practical joke n. the phenomenon whereby a person who begins adult life as a mesomorph later becomes an endomorph; (also) such a person.

ΚΠ

1940 W. H. Sheldon et al. Varieties Human Physique vii. 223 We have investigated over forty cases of what we call the PPJ (pyknic practical joke) where an individual who has suddenly grown much heavier, usually in the twenties or early thirties,..has retained bathing-suit pictures of himself in his pristine slenderness.

1942 W. H. Sheldon Varieties of Temperament iv. 109 The mother was a PPJ (pyknic practical joke). She was slim-waisted and active.., but after the first pregnancy she came into her full endomorphic blossom.

1964 L. J. Bischof Interpreting Personality Theories (1970) xi. 431 Pyknic practical joke (PPJ)..,the PPJ refers to a person who has a muscular mesomorphic body in adolescence but in later life balloons out into obesity to become an endomorph.

1982 R. Davies Rebel Angels (U.K. ed.) v. 249 No chance she might turn out to be a Pyknic Practical Joke?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pyknic
释义	pyknicadj.n. Brit. /ˈpɪknɪk/, U.S. /ˈpɪkˌnɪk/ Forms: 1900s– pycnic, 1900s– pyknic. Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: Greek πυκνός , -ic suffix. Etymology: < ancient Greek πυκνός thick, close-packed (see pycno- comb. form) + -ic suffix, after German pyknisch ( E. Kretschmer Körperbau u. Charakter (1921) ii. 12). Compare French pycnique (1924 as pyknique). Cultural Anthropology. A. adj. In Kretschmer's theory of human physical and corresponding temperamental types: of or relating to a stocky physique with a rounded body and head, thickset trunk, and a tendency to fat, frequently associated with a cyclothymic temperament; designating this type. Later (more generally): endomorphic. Cf. asthenic adj. b, athletic adj. 3, leptosomic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily height > shortness > [adjective] > and broad short shoulderedc1405 bunting1584 squaddy1593 chubby1611 truncheon1611 squat1630 squabbish1666 truss1674 squab1675 squad1675 stocky1676 punch1679 trunch1683 squat1688 stub1711 fodgel1724 thick-set1724 puddy1747 chunky1749 dumpy1750 squabby1754 knurly1758 clunch1776 trunchy1778 fubsy1780 punchy1780 humpty-dumpty1785 trunched1787 pudgy1788 fubby1790 runty1807 squattish1809 roly-poly1818 stumpy1822 hoddy-doddy1824 spuddya1825 hodmandod1825 stubby1831 podgy1832 fubsical1834 dumpty1847 fatling1847 stuggy1847 nuggety1856 cloddy1876 blocky1879 chumpy188. cobby1883 squidgy1891 stockish1913 pyknic1925 humpisha1935 1925 W. J. H. Sprott tr. E. Kretschmer Physique & Char. i. ii. 29 The pyknic type [Ger. der pyknische Typus]..is characterised by the pronounced peripheral development of the body cavities (head, breast, and stomach), and a tendency to..fat about the trunk. 1940 W. H. Sheldon Varieties Human Physique iii. 32 Much of the confusion associated with Kretschmer's terminology arises from the fact that his term ‘pyknic’ actually applies to a physique combining endomorphy and mesomorphy. 1960 J. Comas Man. Physical Anthropol. vi. 340 A well-developed thorax predominates over the shoulders in the pyknic type. 1975 A. Ferraro in S. Arieti Amer. Handbk. Psychiatry (ed. 2) IV. 103/1 Badia found that the megalosplanchnic type of Viola, or pycnic type of Kretschmer, discloses a tendency to chronic changes in the blood vessels of the heart. 1995 Anthropologischer Anzeiger 53 239 Comparative changes of body proportions..in the groups of purely pyknic and leptosomic women are based on the corresponding values of their body height and weight. B. n. A person with a pyknic physique. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily height > shortness > [noun] > and broadness > person knarc1405 hoddy-doddya1556 trunk1586 truncheon1601 stump1602 fubs1614 dumpling1617 punch1669 Punchinello1669 spud1688 knur1691 knurl1691 runt1699 squab1699 swad1706 humpty-dumpty1785 junt1787 knurlinga1796 pudge1808 stumpie1820 nugget1825 podge1834 dump1840 dumpy1868 pyknic1925 mesomorph1940 1925 W. J. H. Sprott tr. E. Kretschmer Physique & Char. i. ii. 29 The pyknics tend emphatically to a covering of fat. 1960 J. Comas Man. Physical Anthropol. vi. 341 According to the Italian biotypologists, the average or normal type is located between the leptosomes (slender type) and the pyknics (broad type). 1971 J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man xxxix. 576 Kretschmer..found that his pyknics tended to be what Jung called extroverted. 2003 Arizona Republic (Nexis) 21 Oct. 6 There are pyknics, short and stocky folk, and asthenics, thin, weak and presumably typified by the puny guy who always gets sand kicked in his face at the beach. Compounds pyknic practical joke n. the phenomenon whereby a person who begins adult life as a mesomorph later becomes an endomorph; (also) such a person. ΚΠ 1940 W. H. Sheldon et al. Varieties Human Physique vii. 223 We have investigated over forty cases of what we call the PPJ (pyknic practical joke) where an individual who has suddenly grown much heavier, usually in the twenties or early thirties,..has retained bathing-suit pictures of himself in his pristine slenderness. 1942 W. H. Sheldon Varieties of Temperament iv. 109 The mother was a PPJ (pyknic practical joke). She was slim-waisted and active.., but after the first pregnancy she came into her full endomorphic blossom. 1964 L. J. Bischof Interpreting Personality Theories (1970) xi. 431 Pyknic practical joke (PPJ)..,the PPJ refers to a person who has a muscular mesomorphic body in adolescence but in later life balloons out into obesity to become an endomorph. 1982 R. Davies Rebel Angels (U.K. ed.) v. 249 No chance she might turn out to be a Pyknic Practical Joke? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1925
随便看	unsungest unsunk unsunned unsunny unsunseen unsunshine unsuperable unsupercharged unsuperfluous unsuperscribed unsuperseded unsuperstitious unsupervised unsupped unsupplanted unsupple unsuppled unsuppliable unsupplicated unsupplied unsupportable unsupportableness unsupportably unsupported unsupportedly