reirdn.

Brit.

/rɪəd/, U.S.

/rɪ(ə)rd/, Scottish English

/rird/,

/rerd/

Forms: Old English–early Middle English ( Ormulum) reord, Old English (rare)–early Middle English (south-west midlands) reorde, Middle English rearde (south-eastern), Middle English rerd, Middle English rerde, Middle English rerid, Middle English reryd, Middle English rewerd (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English rorde, Middle English rourde (north-west midlands), Middle English ruerde (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English rurd (north-west midlands), Middle English rurde (north-west midlands); English regional (Northumberland) 1800s– reard, 1800s– reerd; Scottish pre-1700 rearde, pre-1700 rerd, pre-1700 rerde, pre-1700 1700s reirde, pre-1700 1700s–1800s reird, pre-1700 1700s– raird, pre-1700 1800s reard, 1700s rair'd, 1700s rierd, 1700s 1900s– reerd.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old High German rarta sound, voice, harmony, Gothic razda speech, language, dialect (translating ancient Greek γλῶσσα gloss n.¹ and λαλία talk, speech: see -lalia comb. form), and (with assimilation of consonants) Old Icelandic rǫdd , (inflected) radd- voice, music, speech; further etymology unknown. A connection with Sanskrit ras- to roar, yell (originally specifically of donkeys ‘to bray’), to resound, rasita roar, yell, has sometimes been suggested, but is not generally accepted. Compare reer n.The etymologically expected stem vowel is apparently preserved in Middle English (south-eastern) rearde ; compare also the early Middle English prefixed form ȝereard (see quot. OE¹ at note below). Old English reord (and later forms apparently developed from it) must be viewed in the context of the following Northumbrian forms: giriorde (prefixed dative singular: compare note below) and riordia reird v., both of which appear to show the reflex of the i-mutation of e . This suggests that Old English reord (unlike the unattested antecedent of Middle English rearde ) is probably to be derived from a by-form with i- or j- suffix (see further below), and so is not directly parallel with its Germanic cognates. For a detailed discussion of the phonological difficulties see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §124, R. M. Hogg Gram. Old Eng. (1992) I. §§3.21, 5.84. In Old English apparently originally a strong feminine (jō -stem) reord ; however, strong neuter by-forms reord (probably an i -stem), and reorde (probably a ja -stem) are also attested. In Old English the prefixed form gereord (usually neuter; also gereorde ; compare y- prefix) is more commonly attested; it survives into early Middle English (in the sense ‘language’) in late copies of material of Old English composition:OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 185 Þa wæs..godes ege on mancynne, æfter þam flode, & wæs an gereord [a1225 Vesp. A. xxii on ȝereard] on him eallum.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxii. 361 Sumum menn he [sc. se halga gast] forgifð wisdom.., sumum he forgifð mislice gereord [a1225 Lamb. 487 misliche irord], sumum gerecednysse mislicra spræca.

Scottish and English regional (northern) in later use.

†1.

a. Utterance, speech; an instance of this; a voice, a cry. Also in extended use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [noun]

reirdOE

voicec1330

stevenc1369

sound1385

laita1400

lively voice1532

pipe1567

live voice1610

vocalities1667

squall1725

vox1869

Hobson's choice1937

OE Cynewulf Crist II 510 Cleopedon of heahþu wordum wrætlicum ofer wera mengu beorhtan reorde.

OE Guthlac A 743 Smolt wæs se sigewong.., fæger fugla reord, folde geblowen; geacas gear budon.

OE Beowulf (2008) 2555 Hordweard oncniow mannes reorde.

OE Paris Psalter (1932) cxxxvii. 5 Ealle þe andettan eorðan kyniningas [read kyningas], forðon þe hi gehyrdon hlude reorde, þines muðes þa mæran word.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 17284 Tu mahht herenn gastess rerd Þær godess þewwess spellenn.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 311 (MED) Þu me..telst þat ich ne can noȝt singe, Ac al mi rorde [v.r. reorde] is woning.

?a1300 Fox & Wolf 114 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 30 (MED) He com to þe putte, þene vox I-herde; He him kneu wel bi his rerde.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 211 (MED) Lhord god, yhyer mine bene and mine rearde þet ich grede to þe.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2337 Wyth a ry[n]kande rurde he to þe renk sayde, ‘Bolde burne, on þis bent be not so gryndel’.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 387 (MED) With a renyst reryd þis reson he said.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 30 (MED) Thou can both byte and whyne with a rerd.

b. A language. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Otho) v. xxi. 476 He eac swilce swa Grecisc geleornade mid Lædene, þæt him ða swa cuð wæron swa his agene reorde, þe he in acenned wæs.

OE Genesis A (1931) 1635 Reord wæs þa gieta eorðbuendum an gemæne.

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Cambr.) iv. xxv. 342 On Englisce reorde [eOE Tanner in Engliscgereorde].

a. A loud cry, roar, or other vocal outburst made by a person or animal; noise or din made by the shouting, roaring, etc., of a person or animal. Also: a rebuking or reproachful way of speaking; a scolding tongue. Now rare. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Roxburghshire in 1968.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > roaring or bellowing > [noun]

reirdc1330

bellowing1393

roaringa1398

routinga1425

whurling1495

rummishing?a1500

roara1522

boation1646

intonation1658

fremitus1820

bellow1827

fremescence1837

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > roar or bellow

roustc1175

roaringc1225

reirdc1330

roara1393

romyinga1425

routinga1425

belling1582

bellow1818

braming-

c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) 34 (MED) He [sc. the boar] criede and makede rewli rerd.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 390 (MED) Syþen þe wylde of þe wode on þe water flette..Rwly wyth a loud rurd rored for drede.

a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) 2073 Þan kest he up so lathly rerde, Ful mani fok myght he have ferde.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 804 Þa bestis..oyssis wiþ gret rerde to rare.

a1500 (?c1450) Bone Florence (1976) 1427 (MED) He bete hur wyth hys nakyd swyrde, And sche caste vp many a rewfull rerde.

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Trial of Fox l. 954 in Poems (1981) 40 Ryfand his hair, he cryit with ane reird.

?a1591 King James VI & I Poems (1955) I. 140 Such pell-mell dinnes and ringing reards [MS dinnis]..Do from one corps proceed at once.

1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 44 A house with a Reek, and a Wife with a Reerd will soon make a Man run to the Door.

1790 A. Tait Poems 147 At nine months' end you'll hear the rairds In our Scotch kirks.

1821 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Apr. 351 Mony lang rairds o' dandillie tehein' an fliskmahaigo chit-chat.

1935 D. Rorie Lum Hat 58 A reekin' lum's ill, but a wife wi' a raird Is fit to gar ony man bite on his baird.

1971 T. Scott in Agenda Spring 19 Up she brairds at this wi reird and grane.

b. An uproar or clamour made by a number of people shouting, crying, etc.; a loud noise made by a number of animals or birds. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [noun] > uproar or tumult

brack?c1200

ludea1275

ludingc1275

grede13..

to-doc1330

stevenc1385

ruitc1390

shoutingc1405

rumourc1425

dirdumc1440

shout1487

rippit?1507

glamer?a1513

rangat?a1513

reird?a1513

larumc1515

reirdour1535

uproar1544

clamouring1548

racket1565

baldare1582

rack jack1582

rufflery1582

pother1603

rut1607

clamorousnessa1617

hurricane1639

clutter1656

flaw1676

splutter1677

rout1684

hirdum-dirdum1724

fracas1727

collieshangie1737

racketing1760

hullabaloo1762

hurly1806

bobbery1816

trevally1819

pandemonium1827

hurly-burly1830

outroar1845

on-ding1871

tow-row1877

ruckus1885

molrowing1892

rookus1892

rux1918

a1513 W. Dunbar Ballat Abbot of Tungland in Poems (1998) I. 58 Thik was the clud of kayis and crawis,..The rerd of thame rais to the sky.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. xii. 42 The clamour than and rerd Went to the toppys of the large hallys.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. viii. xiii. f. 102^v/2 Na man wist quhat wes to be done, throw reird of men & beistis.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 86 [They] brak about him witht sic ane reird and clamour.

1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green iii. 29 Sic a Rierd rang thro' the Rout.

1791 J. Learmont Poems Pastoral 167 Their raird rang rudely owr the lift.

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. ii. 44 Then the reird raise, and..murdered I suld hae been, without remeid.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Reard, Reerd, riot, confusion.

1932 R. L. Cassie Sc. Sangs 21 Noo an' than we hear a flist, A reerd wud deeve Van Winkle.

†a. A noise or din of any kind. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise

chirma800

dina1000

utas1202

noise?c1225

nurthc1225

dinninga1400

glama1400

glavera1400

reer?a1400

reirdc1400

dunch1440

steveningc1440

rebound1457

bruit?1473

alarm1489

yell1509

gild?a1513

shout?a1513

reveriea1522

routa1522

thundering1560

rumouringc1563

dinrie?1566

rear1567

fray1568

thunder-crack1595

thunder1600

fanfarea1605

fragor1605

clamour1606

thunder-clap1610

obstrepency1623

tonitruation1658

randana1661

clarion1667

leden1674

bluster1724

salvoa1734

ding1750

row1753

tonance1778

dunder1780

chang1788

blare1807

flare1815

detonation1830

trump1848

trumpeting1850

foghorn1875

yammer1932

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1698 (MED) Hunteres vnhardeled bi a holt syde; Rocheres roungen bi rys for rurde of her hornes.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 208 Gret rerd thar rais all sammyn quhar thai ryd.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 155 He turnd his ers and all bedret him, Quyte our from nek till heill. He lowsit it of with sic a reird, Baith hors and man flawe to the eird, He fart with sic ane feir.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. iii. ii. f. 21^v/1 Sa huge nois rais be reird & sowne of bellis.

1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Aiii^v With threatning thunders, making monstrous reard.

c1617 King James VI & I Poems (1958) II. 80 Drumlie cloudes with rumbling thunders rearde Doe threaten [etc.].

1806 R. Jamieson Pop. Ballads I. 243 Till far and near, wood, rock and cave, The thunderin' reird return.

b. Scottish. An act of breaking wind noisily, a loud fart. Also: an eructation, a belch. Now rare.Cf. quot. ?a1513 at sense 3a. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Aberdeenshire in 1968, but marks it as obsolescent.

ΚΠ

a1714 in J. Hogg Jacobite Relics (1819) I. 71 Then she ga'e a snore, And then she ga'e a reirde.

1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green ii. 18 Back-gate..she loot a fearfou Raird.

1817 Lintoun Green in R. Brown Comic Poems 168 Behind his ears, That made them ring, a raird, Exploding downwards.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Raird, the noise made by eructation; as ‘He loot a great raird’; he gave a forcible eructation... Also used for a report of another kind.

1911 A. Warrack Scots Dial. Dict. Raird,..the noise of eructation; the backward breaking of wind.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

reirdv.

Brit.

/rɪəd/, U.S.

/rɪ(ə)rd/, Scottish English

/rird/,

/rerd/

Forms: Old English reordian, Old English riordia (Northumbrian), early Middle English reordie (south-west midlands); Scottish pre-1700 rearde, pre-1700 rerd, pre-1700 rerde, pre-1700 1800s reard, pre-1700 1800s– raird, pre-1700 1800s– reird.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: reird n.

Etymology: < reird n.With the Old English (Northumbrian) form riordia compare discussion at reird n. In Old English (Northumbrian) the prefixed form geriorda (compare y- prefix) is also attested.

Scottish in later use.

†1. intransitive. To speak, discourse. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)]

matheleOE

speakc888

spellc888

yedc888

i-quethec900

reirdOE

meldOE

meleOE

quidOE

i-meleOE

wordOE

to open one's mouth (also lips)OE

mootOE

spellc1175

carpa1240

spilec1275

bespeakc1314

adda1382

mella1400

moutha1400

utter?a1400

lalec1400

nurnc1400

parlec1400

talkc1400

to say forthc1405

rekea1450

to say on1487

nevena1500

quinch1511

quetch1530

queckc1540

walk1550

cant1567

twang1602

articulate1615

tella1616

betalk1622

sermocinate1623

to give tongue1737

jaw1748

to break stillness1768

outspeaka1788

to give mouth1854

larum1877

to make noises1909

verbal1974

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John iv. 27 Discipuli eius..mirabantur quia cum muliere loquebantur [read loquebatur] : ðegnas his..geuundradon uel forðon mið ðæm uife riordade uel gspræcc [read gespræce].

OE Beowulf (2008) 3025 Sceall..se wonna hrefn..fela reordian, earne secgan, hu him æt æte speow.

OE Genesis A (1931) 1253 Þa reordade rodora waldend wrað moncynne and þa worde cwæð.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 11065 He reordien gan and þas word sæide.

2. intransitive. Scottish. Of a thing: to make a noise; to resound. Of a person or animal: to shout, roar, bellow; (later also) to scold or be abusive to someone in a loud voice; to boast or brag loudly. Now rare. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Kirkcudbrightshire and Roxburghshire in 1968.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > make a loud sound or noise [verb (intransitive)]

flitec900

beme?c1225

thunderc1374

full-sounda1382

claryc1440

reird1508

shout1513

to make the welkin ring1590

rally1728

din1798

alarm1839

trombone1866

clarion1885

blast1931

blare1955

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)]

singc897

shillc1000

warblea1400

resoundc1425

dun1440

reird1508

rolla1522

rerea1525

peal1593

diapason1608

choir1838

alarm1839

to raise (also lift) the roof1845

whang1854

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. ciiii The rochis reirdit vith the rasch quhen thai samyne rane.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. v. 68 The wod resoundis schill,..The hillis reirdis.

a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) v. l. 604 The tad begouth to wax, And wyth-in hym rerde [a1500 Nero rede] and rax.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 233 With buglis blast quhill rairdit all the ryce.

c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 106 Can thunder reird the higher for a horne?

1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 403 Ice is said to be rairding, when it is cracking.

1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 134 The town-crier wi' his clap Gan throu' the streets to reird and rap.

1876 W. Brockie Confessional 186 She laup, an' rampaugd, an' rairdit, an' flate.

1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. at Raird He was rairdin' away.

2007 G. McKay tr. W. Auld Bairnlie Race (Electronic text) xxv. 54 We are ower whippert, yit dinna reird ava An lik a hirsel, rin tae whaur the sheep-dugs caa.

Derivatives

ˈreirding n. Scottish †(a) loud noise, din; crying, roaring (obsolete); (b) a scolding.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [noun]

resonancea1460

reirding1535

resonancy1611

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise > making

noise-making1487

reirding1535

tromboning1864

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 462 Quhill all the rochis with thair reirding rang.

a1586 J. Rowll Cursing l. 261 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 168 Than..bellie basie with his baggis At hellis ȝettis sall mak sic rerding.

a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) (1946) 216 All the nycht was nocht ellis bot reirding of regrete and murnyng.

1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 251 Reirdin', a severe scolding.

ˈreirding adj. Scottish †(a) resounding, crashing (obsolete); (b) scolding, abusive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adjective] > noisy

fervent1465

brawlinga1568

baw-waw1570

rouncing?1576

ruff-raff1582

reirding1591

wrangling1608

perstreperous1629

ran-tan1630

streperous1637

clamant1639

chiding1648

loudmouth1668

noisy1675

noise-making1678

strepitous1681

dinsome1724

strepent1750

dinny1768

loud-mouthing1788

dinning1813

blatant1816

noisome1825

strepitant1855

polyphloisboisterousa1875

noisesome1925

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > roaring or bellowing > [adjective]

crying1398

roaringc1425

whurling1495

reirding1591

routinga1609

bellowing1619

bombardical1645

rummishing1653

polyphloisboian1824

polyphloisboiotic1843

polyphloisboiic1863

polyphloisbic1915

1591 King James VI & I Poet. Exercises sig. P2 The rearding thunders, and the blustering winds.

a1612 W. Fowler Tarantula of Love in Wks. (1914) I. 172 The rearding thoundars highest triees abate.

1876 W. Brockie Leaderside Leg. 25 Jenny was a Jezebel, a reardin, flytin jade.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reird
释义	reirdn. Brit. /rɪəd/, U.S. /rɪ(ə)rd/, Scottish English /rird/, /rerd/ Forms: Old English–early Middle English ( Ormulum) reord, Old English (rare)–early Middle English (south-west midlands) reorde, Middle English rearde (south-eastern), Middle English rerd, Middle English rerde, Middle English rerid, Middle English reryd, Middle English rewerd (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English rorde, Middle English rourde (north-west midlands), Middle English ruerde (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English rurd (north-west midlands), Middle English rurde (north-west midlands); English regional (Northumberland) 1800s– reard, 1800s– reerd; Scottish pre-1700 rearde, pre-1700 rerd, pre-1700 rerde, pre-1700 1700s reirde, pre-1700 1700s–1800s reird, pre-1700 1700s– raird, pre-1700 1800s reard, 1700s rair'd, 1700s rierd, 1700s 1900s– reerd. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old High German rarta sound, voice, harmony, Gothic razda speech, language, dialect (translating ancient Greek γλῶσσα gloss n.¹ and λαλία talk, speech: see -lalia comb. form), and (with assimilation of consonants) Old Icelandic rǫdd , (inflected) radd- voice, music, speech; further etymology unknown. A connection with Sanskrit ras- to roar, yell (originally specifically of donkeys ‘to bray’), to resound, rasita roar, yell, has sometimes been suggested, but is not generally accepted. Compare reer n.The etymologically expected stem vowel is apparently preserved in Middle English (south-eastern) rearde ; compare also the early Middle English prefixed form ȝereard (see quot. OE¹ at note below). Old English reord (and later forms apparently developed from it) must be viewed in the context of the following Northumbrian forms: giriorde (prefixed dative singular: compare note below) and riordia reird v., both of which appear to show the reflex of the i-mutation of e . This suggests that Old English reord (unlike the unattested antecedent of Middle English rearde ) is probably to be derived from a by-form with i- or j- suffix (see further below), and so is not directly parallel with its Germanic cognates. For a detailed discussion of the phonological difficulties see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §124, R. M. Hogg Gram. Old Eng. (1992) I. §§3.21, 5.84. In Old English apparently originally a strong feminine (jō -stem) reord ; however, strong neuter by-forms reord (probably an i -stem), and reorde (probably a ja -stem) are also attested. In Old English the prefixed form gereord (usually neuter; also gereorde ; compare y- prefix) is more commonly attested; it survives into early Middle English (in the sense ‘language’) in late copies of material of Old English composition:OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 185 Þa wæs..godes ege on mancynne, æfter þam flode, & wæs an gereord [a1225 Vesp. A. xxii on ȝereard] on him eallum.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxii. 361 Sumum menn he [sc. se halga gast] forgifð wisdom.., sumum he forgifð mislice gereord [a1225 Lamb. 487 misliche irord], sumum gerecednysse mislicra spræca. Scottish and English regional (northern) in later use. †1. a. Utterance, speech; an instance of this; a voice, a cry. Also in extended use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [noun] reirdOE voicec1330 stevenc1369 sound1385 laita1400 lively voice1532 pipe1567 live voice1610 vocalities1667 squall1725 vox1869 Hobson's choice1937 OE Cynewulf Crist II 510 Cleopedon of heahþu wordum wrætlicum ofer wera mengu beorhtan reorde. OE Guthlac A 743 Smolt wæs se sigewong.., fæger fugla reord, folde geblowen; geacas gear budon. OE Beowulf (2008) 2555 Hordweard oncniow mannes reorde. OE Paris Psalter (1932) cxxxvii. 5 Ealle þe andettan eorðan kyniningas [read kyningas], forðon þe hi gehyrdon hlude reorde, þines muðes þa mæran word. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 17284 Tu mahht herenn gastess rerd Þær godess þewwess spellenn. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 311 (MED) Þu me..telst þat ich ne can noȝt singe, Ac al mi rorde [v.r. reorde] is woning. ?a1300 Fox & Wolf 114 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 30 (MED) He com to þe putte, þene vox I-herde; He him kneu wel bi his rerde. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 211 (MED) Lhord god, yhyer mine bene and mine rearde þet ich grede to þe. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2337 Wyth a ry[n]kande rurde he to þe renk sayde, ‘Bolde burne, on þis bent be not so gryndel’. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 387 (MED) With a renyst reryd þis reson he said. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 30 (MED) Thou can both byte and whyne with a rerd. b. A language. Obsolete. ΚΠ eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Otho) v. xxi. 476 He eac swilce swa Grecisc geleornade mid Lædene, þæt him ða swa cuð wæron swa his agene reorde, þe he in acenned wæs. OE Genesis A (1931) 1635 Reord wæs þa gieta eorðbuendum an gemæne. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Cambr.) iv. xxv. 342 On Englisce reorde [eOE Tanner in Engliscgereorde]. 2. a. A loud cry, roar, or other vocal outburst made by a person or animal; noise or din made by the shouting, roaring, etc., of a person or animal. Also: a rebuking or reproachful way of speaking; a scolding tongue. Now rare. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Roxburghshire in 1968. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > roaring or bellowing > [noun] reirdc1330 bellowing1393 roaringa1398 routinga1425 whurling1495 rummishing?a1500 roara1522 boation1646 intonation1658 fremitus1820 bellow1827 fremescence1837 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > roar or bellow roustc1175 roaringc1225 reirdc1330 roara1393 romyinga1425 routinga1425 belling1582 bellow1818 braming- c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) 34 (MED) He [sc. the boar] criede and makede rewli rerd. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 390 (MED) Syþen þe wylde of þe wode on þe water flette..Rwly wyth a loud rurd rored for drede. a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) 2073 Þan kest he up so lathly rerde, Ful mani fok myght he have ferde. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 804 Þa bestis..oyssis wiþ gret rerde to rare. a1500 (?c1450) Bone Florence (1976) 1427 (MED) He bete hur wyth hys nakyd swyrde, And sche caste vp many a rewfull rerde. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Trial of Fox l. 954 in Poems (1981) 40 Ryfand his hair, he cryit with ane reird. ?a1591 King James VI & I Poems (1955) I. 140 Such pell-mell dinnes and ringing reards [MS dinnis]..Do from one corps proceed at once. 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 44 A house with a Reek, and a Wife with a Reerd will soon make a Man run to the Door. 1790 A. Tait Poems 147 At nine months' end you'll hear the rairds In our Scotch kirks. 1821 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Apr. 351 Mony lang rairds o' dandillie tehein' an fliskmahaigo chit-chat. 1935 D. Rorie Lum Hat 58 A reekin' lum's ill, but a wife wi' a raird Is fit to gar ony man bite on his baird. 1971 T. Scott in Agenda Spring 19 Up she brairds at this wi reird and grane. b. An uproar or clamour made by a number of people shouting, crying, etc.; a loud noise made by a number of animals or birds. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [noun] > uproar or tumult brack?c1200 ludea1275 ludingc1275 grede13.. to-doc1330 stevenc1385 ruitc1390 shoutingc1405 rumourc1425 dirdumc1440 shout1487 rippit?1507 glamer?a1513 rangat?a1513 reird?a1513 larumc1515 reirdour1535 uproar1544 clamouring1548 racket1565 baldare1582 rack jack1582 rufflery1582 pother1603 rut1607 clamorousnessa1617 hurricane1639 clutter1656 flaw1676 splutter1677 rout1684 hirdum-dirdum1724 fracas1727 collieshangie1737 racketing1760 hullabaloo1762 hurly1806 bobbery1816 trevally1819 pandemonium1827 hurly-burly1830 outroar1845 on-ding1871 tow-row1877 ruckus1885 molrowing1892 rookus1892 rux1918 a1513 W. Dunbar Ballat Abbot of Tungland in Poems (1998) I. 58 Thik was the clud of kayis and crawis,..The rerd of thame rais to the sky. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. xii. 42 The clamour than and rerd Went to the toppys of the large hallys. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. viii. xiii. f. 102^v/2 Na man wist quhat wes to be done, throw reird of men & beistis. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 86 [They] brak about him witht sic ane reird and clamour. 1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green iii. 29 Sic a Rierd rang thro' the Rout. 1791 J. Learmont Poems Pastoral 167 Their raird rang rudely owr the lift. 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. ii. 44 Then the reird raise, and..murdered I suld hae been, without remeid. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Reard, Reerd, riot, confusion. 1932 R. L. Cassie Sc. Sangs 21 Noo an' than we hear a flist, A reerd wud deeve Van Winkle. 3. †a. A noise or din of any kind. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise chirma800 dina1000 utas1202 noise?c1225 nurthc1225 dinninga1400 glama1400 glavera1400 reer?a1400 reirdc1400 dunch1440 steveningc1440 rebound1457 bruit?1473 alarm1489 yell1509 gild?a1513 shout?a1513 reveriea1522 routa1522 thundering1560 rumouringc1563 dinrie?1566 rear1567 fray1568 thunder-crack1595 thunder1600 fanfarea1605 fragor1605 clamour1606 thunder-clap1610 obstrepency1623 tonitruation1658 randana1661 clarion1667 leden1674 bluster1724 salvoa1734 ding1750 row1753 tonance1778 dunder1780 chang1788 blare1807 flare1815 detonation1830 trump1848 trumpeting1850 foghorn1875 yammer1932 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1698 (MED) Hunteres vnhardeled bi a holt syde; Rocheres roungen bi rys for rurde of her hornes. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 208 Gret rerd thar rais all sammyn quhar thai ryd. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 155 He turnd his ers and all bedret him, Quyte our from nek till heill. He lowsit it of with sic a reird, Baith hors and man flawe to the eird, He fart with sic ane feir. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. iii. ii. f. 21^v/1 Sa huge nois rais be reird & sowne of bellis. 1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Aiii^v With threatning thunders, making monstrous reard. c1617 King James VI & I Poems (1958) II. 80 Drumlie cloudes with rumbling thunders rearde Doe threaten [etc.]. 1806 R. Jamieson Pop. Ballads I. 243 Till far and near, wood, rock and cave, The thunderin' reird return. b. Scottish. An act of breaking wind noisily, a loud fart. Also: an eructation, a belch. Now rare.Cf. quot. ?a1513 at sense 3a. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Aberdeenshire in 1968, but marks it as obsolescent. ΚΠ a1714 in J. Hogg Jacobite Relics (1819) I. 71 Then she ga'e a snore, And then she ga'e a reirde. 1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green ii. 18 Back-gate..she loot a fearfou Raird. 1817 Lintoun Green in R. Brown Comic Poems 168 Behind his ears, That made them ring, a raird, Exploding downwards. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Raird, the noise made by eructation; as ‘He loot a great raird’; he gave a forcible eructation... Also used for a report of another kind. 1911 A. Warrack Scots Dial. Dict. Raird,..the noise of eructation; the backward breaking of wind. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reirdv. Brit. /rɪəd/, U.S. /rɪ(ə)rd/, Scottish English /rird/, /rerd/ Forms: Old English reordian, Old English riordia (Northumbrian), early Middle English reordie (south-west midlands); Scottish pre-1700 rearde, pre-1700 rerd, pre-1700 rerde, pre-1700 1800s reard, pre-1700 1800s– raird, pre-1700 1800s– reird. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: reird n. Etymology: < reird n.With the Old English (Northumbrian) form riordia compare discussion at reird n. In Old English (Northumbrian) the prefixed form geriorda (compare y- prefix) is also attested. Scottish in later use. †1. intransitive. To speak, discourse. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] matheleOE speakc888 spellc888 yedc888 i-quethec900 reirdOE meldOE meleOE quidOE i-meleOE wordOE to open one's mouth (also lips)OE mootOE spellc1175 carpa1240 spilec1275 bespeakc1314 adda1382 mella1400 moutha1400 utter?a1400 lalec1400 nurnc1400 parlec1400 talkc1400 to say forthc1405 rekea1450 to say on1487 nevena1500 quinch1511 quetch1530 queckc1540 walk1550 cant1567 twang1602 articulate1615 tella1616 betalk1622 sermocinate1623 to give tongue1737 jaw1748 to break stillness1768 outspeaka1788 to give mouth1854 larum1877 to make noises1909 verbal1974 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John iv. 27 Discipuli eius..mirabantur quia cum muliere loquebantur [read loquebatur] : ðegnas his..geuundradon uel forðon mið ðæm uife riordade uel gspræcc [read gespræce]. OE Beowulf (2008) 3025 Sceall..se wonna hrefn..fela reordian, earne secgan, hu him æt æte speow. OE Genesis A (1931) 1253 Þa reordade rodora waldend wrað moncynne and þa worde cwæð. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 11065 He reordien gan and þas word sæide. 2. intransitive. Scottish. Of a thing: to make a noise; to resound. Of a person or animal: to shout, roar, bellow; (later also) to scold or be abusive to someone in a loud voice; to boast or brag loudly. Now rare. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Kirkcudbrightshire and Roxburghshire in 1968. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > make a loud sound or noise [verb (intransitive)] flitec900 beme?c1225 thunderc1374 full-sounda1382 claryc1440 reird1508 shout1513 to make the welkin ring1590 rally1728 din1798 alarm1839 trombone1866 clarion1885 blast1931 blare1955 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] singc897 shillc1000 warblea1400 resoundc1425 dun1440 reird1508 rolla1522 rerea1525 peal1593 diapason1608 choir1838 alarm1839 to raise (also lift) the roof1845 whang1854 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. ciiii The rochis reirdit vith the rasch quhen thai samyne rane. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. v. 68 The wod resoundis schill,..The hillis reirdis. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) v. l. 604 The tad begouth to wax, And wyth-in hym rerde [a1500 Nero rede] and rax. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 233 With buglis blast quhill rairdit all the ryce. c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 106 Can thunder reird the higher for a horne? 1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 403 Ice is said to be rairding, when it is cracking. 1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 134 The town-crier wi' his clap Gan throu' the streets to reird and rap. 1876 W. Brockie Confessional 186 She laup, an' rampaugd, an' rairdit, an' flate. 1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. at Raird He was rairdin' away. 2007 G. McKay tr. W. Auld Bairnlie Race (Electronic text) xxv. 54 We are ower whippert, yit dinna reird ava An lik a hirsel, rin tae whaur the sheep-dugs caa. Derivatives ˈreirding n. Scottish †(a) loud noise, din; crying, roaring (obsolete); (b) a scolding. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [noun] resonancea1460 reirding1535 resonancy1611 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise > making noise-making1487 reirding1535 tromboning1864 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 462 Quhill all the rochis with thair reirding rang. a1586 J. Rowll Cursing l. 261 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 168 Than..bellie basie with his baggis At hellis ȝettis sall mak sic rerding. a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) (1946) 216 All the nycht was nocht ellis bot reirding of regrete and murnyng. 1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 251 Reirdin', a severe scolding. ˈreirding adj. Scottish †(a) resounding, crashing (obsolete); (b) scolding, abusive. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adjective] > noisy fervent1465 brawlinga1568 baw-waw1570 rouncing?1576 ruff-raff1582 reirding1591 wrangling1608 perstreperous1629 ran-tan1630 streperous1637 clamant1639 chiding1648 loudmouth1668 noisy1675 noise-making1678 strepitous1681 dinsome1724 strepent1750 dinny1768 loud-mouthing1788 dinning1813 blatant1816 noisome1825 strepitant1855 polyphloisboisterousa1875 noisesome1925 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > roaring or bellowing > [adjective] crying1398 roaringc1425 whurling1495 reirding1591 routinga1609 bellowing1619 bombardical1645 rummishing1653 polyphloisboian1824 polyphloisboiotic1843 polyphloisboiic1863 polyphloisbic1915 1591 King James VI & I Poet. Exercises sig. P2 The rearding thunders, and the blustering winds. a1612 W. Fowler Tarantula of Love in Wks. (1914) I. 172 The rearding thoundars highest triees abate. 1876 W. Brockie Leaderside Leg. 25 Jenny was a Jezebel, a reardin, flytin jade. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOEv.OE
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