rotundn.

Brit.

/rə(ʊ)ˈtʌnd/, U.S.

/roʊˈtənd/

Forms: see rotund adj.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rotund adj.

Etymology: < rotund adj. Compare the French and Italian forms cited at rotonda n. With sense 2 compare earlier rotunda n. With sense 4 compare earlier rotundity n.

†1. A globe. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > spherical or globular object

trendlea900

appleeOE

ballc1300

roundc1330

bowl1413

rotundity?a1425

spherea1425

pomec1440

globec1450

orba1500

rotund1550

roundel1589

pompom1748

1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Dviij The..kyng of England..is fygured holdynge in his left hande a rounde rotunde, representyng his Impery.

2. A round building or space; (the name of) a particular building of this shape. Cf. rotunda n. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific shape > [noun]

quadrangle1596

rotund1606

rotundo1614

camera1633

rotunda1648

tholosc1660

umbrella1680

octagon1767

round tower1790

cone1791

flat-iron1862

tetragon1884

tempietto1896

tetrapylon1904

igloo1956

shoebox1968

the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle > a circular space

rotund1606

rotundo1614

cirque1644

circus1771

1606 T. Palmer Ess. Meanes to make Trauailes more Profitable ii. 90 Touching the formes and figures of Forts, that is either regular or irregular. The regular be either Rotunds, Quadrats, Pentagonons, Hexagonons, &c.

1676 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Acct. Voy. Athens iii. 255 The Rotund at Rome..was also a Pantheon, and built by Agrippa.

1740 J. Dyer Ruins of Rome 21 Phœbus' Temple, nodding with its Woods, Threatens huge Ruin o'er the small Rotund.

1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Wells The chapter-house is a rotund, supported by a pillar in the middle.

1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful ii. §10. 55 In a rotund, whether it be a building or a plantation, you can no where fix a boundary.

1882 G. J. Romanes Animal Intelligence x. 270 Even the stupid-looking ostrich has heart enough to die for love, as was the case with a male in the Rotund of the Jardin des Plantes in Paris.

1921 Art & Archæol. 11 199/2 The Byzantine-Czech, later Roman-Byzantine-Czech rotunds, became supplemented by basilicas with a single nave or a nave with two aisles.

†3. An assembly of people seated in a circle. Obsolete. rare.In quot. 1636 with reference to the Knights of the Round Table.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > other specific arrangements > [noun] > arrangement in a group > a circular group of people

ringOE

round1489

rotund1636

circle1766

round O1845

1636 R. Griffin in Ann. Dubrensia sig. H Since that brave Heroe dy'd.., Arthur, with his rotund of Knights.

4. The state of being round or plump; a round object, expanse, or extent; a plump person. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > a circle, ring, or sphere

trendlea900

roundnessa1382

compassc1384

rotundity?a1425

rundlea1425

rondure1609

rotundant1661

rotund1729

1729 G. Duckett & J. Dennis Martiniad 3 in Pope Alexander's Supremacy Examin'd No Features could with him find Grace, The long he call'd a Rueful Face, The Man who 'rose to the Rotund, He sunk him down in dull Profund.

1755 J. Hervey Theron & Aspasio III. 265 It [sc. a wren's nest] is a neat Rotund, lengthened into an Oval, bottomed and vaulted with a regular Concave.

1802 J. West Infidel Father I. 16 The frown which gradually overcast the luminous rotund of Lady Fitz John's countenance.

1860 I. Taylor Ultimate Civilization 183 The merry rotund of the front aspect.

1913 Harvard Graduates' Mag. June 611 A classmate, who belonged to the order of rotunds, trained on the track for the mile walk.

†5. A regularly recurring sequence or continuous cycle of activities, events, duties, etc.; = round n.¹ 20a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > [noun] > a continuous succession of events, actions, etc.

round1650

circulation1682

rotund1761

ronde1846

1761 Crit. Rev. Oct. 310 Her hours were melted away in a rotund of pleasure and indulgencies.

1799 R. Sickelmore Agnes & Leonora I. 2 She retired from the bustle and monotony which a diurnal rotund of company produces.

6. Entomology. = replete n. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > distended with food

replete1877

rotund1882

1882 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1881 23 The rotunds do not elaborate the honey, as has frequently been asserted.

1909 St Nicholas 36 940/3 This honey is mainly collected..by the outside workers and fed to these ‘rotunds’..whose sole duty is to..hold it until needed by some of the others in the nest.

1992 J. R. Adams Insect Potpourri vii. 303 During the winter, the rotunds regurgitate food on demand by normal workers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

rotundadj.

Brit.

/rə(ʊ)ˈtʌnd/, U.S.

/roʊˈtənd/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s rotunde, late Middle English 1600s– rotund.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rotundus.

Etymology: < classical Latin rotundus round, circular, spherical, globular, having a rounded surface, (of a speaker or writer) smooth and finished, well-rounded, related to rota wheel (see rota n.); with the ending compare secundus second adj. Compare Middle French rotond (a1483 as rotunde ; now rare), Spanish rotundo (1511), Portuguese rotundo (1572), and the Romance forms cited at round adj. Compare earlier round adj. Compare also rotound adj.In sense 2 after classical Latin ōre rotundō (see ore rotundo adv.).

1. Approximately spherical; round, orbicular; (Botany, esp. of a leaf) approximately circular, roundish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [adjective]

roundc1300

rotund?a1425

orbicular?1440

rotounda1450

trendec1450

orbical1582

roundya1586

rundled1598

orby?1609

orbic1619

rotundal1624

roundwise1633

orbiculatea1650

orbiculated1656

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 113 (MED) Þer beþ not vsed to me bot cauteriez punctualez or rotund of þe fontynellez, i. wellez of þe armez & leggez.

c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 104 Anoþir oynement..ceruse..olibanum, aloes, mirre, aristologie rotunde..make hem vp wiþ vinegre and oile of rosis.

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. Thesaurarye sig. c^v/1 This Cauterye is rotunde concavouse, & rescindente: we vse it to cauterize the skinne of the Heade.

1627 P. Hay Advt. Subj. Scotl. 104 The Figure of the World is Rotund and Circular: more, it is Limited, and not Infinite, both which are manifest.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 177 I..can't forbear thinking the Cross Figure more proper for such spacious Buildings than the Rotund.

1794 W. Marshall in Rural Econ. W. Eng. (1796) II. 75 The Town.., surrounded with inferior streets, caps a rotund hillock.

1843 S. C. Hall & A. M. Hall Ireland III. 200 All the Mithraic..temples were rotund.

1888 Bot. Gaz. 13 113 Leaves rotund, increasing upward.

1929 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 16 516 Blades..sharply acute to rotund at apex.

1955 J. P. Donleavy Ginger Man (1972) xv. 154 A man with a rotund skull and shoulders streamlined against the weather.

1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 119/1 A heavy rotund shell with involute coiling and a very deep umbilicus.

1991 M. Frutkin Invading Tibet i. 7 I nodded towards the rotund cavern of the reading room.

2000 A. F. Rhoads & T. A. Block Plants Pennsylvania 854 Fronds rotund to elliptic.

2004 I. M. Banks Algebraist (2005) iii. 157 The gas-giant filled the sky, so close that its rotund bulk took on the appearance of a vast wall.

2. Of the mouth: rounded in the act of speech; (of the voice or an utterance) sonorous, full-toned; (of literary style) inflated, grandiloquent. Cf. orotund adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [adjective] > qualities of speech sounds

weaka1637

apert1668

narrow-mouthed1668

servile1700

rotund1742

tonous1773

homorganic1864

trainante1865

oral1869

neutral1874

compact1930

lento1939

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [adjective] > loud or resonant > having full or rich voice > of the mouth: sonorous

rotund1742

1742 Woman in Miniature 20 Roar out with mouth rotund, and bellow thro' the dome.

1778 Def. Theophilus Lindsey vii. 304 His self-compliment is so plump and rotund, that it shall be set down in his own words.

1830 G. P. R. James Darnley III. xiii. 301 A long detail of grievances poured forth from the rotund mouth of honest Jekin Groby.

1831 T. De Quincey Dr. Parr in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 765/1 The style of Latin they affect is..too florid, too rotund.

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. xiii. 273 A most rotund and glowing negative.

1886 Manch. Examiner 14 Jan. 5/6 He read out, in a fine, rotund, elocutionary style, the message.

1922 Science 25 Aug. 205/2 So much did this phrase please him that he paraded it on many occasions, and I confess I used to dodge around the corner to avoid its rotund and sonorous condemnation.

1941 H. R. Knickerbocker Is Tomorrow Hitler's? i. 43 I was surprised to hear Trotzky's voice, a clear high tenor. I had expected a deeper, more rotund tone.

2003 T. Pratchett Monstrous Regiment (2004) 263 The sergeant doffed his cap and in a jovial, rotund voice that peed brandy and crapped plum pudding, said, ‘Good evening madarm!’

3. Of a person, a part of the body, etc.: rounded; plump, podgy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] > fat or plump

fatc893

frimOE

fullOE

overfatOE

greatOE

bald1297

roundc1300

encorsivea1340

fattishc1369

fleshyc1369

fleshlyc1374

repletea1398

largec1405

corsious1430

corpulentc1440

corsyc1440

fulsome1447

portlyc1487

corporate1509

foggy fata1529

corsive1530

foggish?1537

plump1545

fatty1552

fleshful1552

pubble1566

plum1570

pursy1576

well-fleshed1576

gross?1577

fog1582

forfatted1586

gulchy1598

bouksome1600

fat-fed1607

meatified1607

chuff1609

plumpya1616

bloat1638

blowze-like1647

obese1651

jollya1661

bloated1664

chubbed1674

pluffya1689

puffya1689

pussy1688

sappy1694

crummy1718

chubby1722

fodgel1724

well-padded1737

beefy1743

plumpish1753

pudsy1754

rotund1762

portable1770

lusty1777

roundabout1787

well-cushioned1802

plenitudinous1803

stout1804

embonpointc1806

roly-poly1808

adipose1810

roll-about1815

foggy1817

poddy1823

porky1828

hide-blown1834

tubby1835

stoutish1836

tubbish1836

superfatted1841

pottle-bodied1842

pincushiony1851

opulent1882

well-covered1884

well-upholstered1886

butterball1888

endomorphic1888

tisty-tosty1888

pachyntic1890

barrel-bodied1894

overweight1899

pussy-gutted1906

upholstered1924

1762 ‘T. Shandy’ Descr. Gen. Elections vi. 22 All this signifies nothing, said a little dapper Fellow, with a rotund Belly.

1834 G. P. R. James John Marston Hall x Various peculiar points in his rotund conformation.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxiv. 243 If they would bring to me their rotund little companion within three days.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt II. xxx. 226 This pink-faced rotund specimen of prosperity.

1922 H. Walpole Cathedral 304 Ronder was ashamed, as though his rotund body had been suddenly exposed in all its obese nakedness before the assembled citizens of Polchester.

1958 S. Plath Jrnl. 5 Mar. (2000) 345 The rotund, rosy white-haired chauffeur held the door open for her.

2002 C. Hiaasen Basket Case iv. 33 Not being a rotund pillhead with clogged valves, I am statistically unlikely to expire on the toilet, as Elvis did.

Compounds

C1. Chiefly Botany. Combined with a following adjective, as rotund-excavate, rotund-ovate, etc. Cf. rotundo- comb. form.

ΚΠ

1818 W. P. C. Barton Compendium Floræ Philadelphicæ I. 194 Leaves rotund-ovate, acuminate.

1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. II ii. 1270 Centre of posterior margin deeply rotund-excavate.

1897 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24 522 Obliquely rotund-ovate dorsal lobes.

1918 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 5 58 Leaves chiefly basal, rotund-obovate.

1948 H. A. Pilsbry Land Mollusca of North Amer. II. ii. 592 The aperture is rotund-lunate, the peristome simple.

2005 Guide Medicinal Plants N. Afr. (Internat. Union Conservation Nature & Nat. Resources) 191/1 Bracts, rotund-ovate, glabrous, obtuse.

C2. As the second element of a compound, as cordate-rotund, ovate-rotund, etc. Cf. plano-rotund adj. at plano- comb. form¹ 1.

ΚΠ

1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. II ii. 698 Abdomen..broad truncato-rotund at apex.

1863 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 56 The flowering specimens, with their cordate-rotund radical leaves.

1907 G. Watt Wild & Cultivated Cotton Plants World iii. 79 Leaves ovate-rotund, often coated with persistent hairs.

1958 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 45 32 Legumes oblong-rotund to inequilaterally oblong.

2000 J. A. Dahlberg in C. W. Smith & R. A. Frederiksen Sorghum i. 117 Grains small to medium, obovate-rotund.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† rotundv.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymon: rotund adj.

Etymology: < rotund adj., perhaps after classical Latin rotundāre (see rotundate adj.). Compare earlier round v.²

Obsolete. rare.

1. transitive. To blunt or reduce (sharpness).

ΚΠ

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xix. xii. 734 Dysenteryes, or bloody-fluxes caused by unctions, may be helped by Glysters, wherein much hogs-grease is dissolved to rotund [L. ad obtundendam] the acrimony caused by the medicine and humor which nourisheth the Dysentery.

2. transitive. To make round or rounded in shape; to cause to become rotund. Chiefly in past participle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > make round [verb (transitive)]

rounda1400

orb1600

rotund1650

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [verb (transitive)] > fat or plump

farce14..

alarda1425

plum1561

enseam1562

lard1579

engross1587

impinguate1620

to put on1626

rotund1650

pinguedinize1656

bloat1677

to take ona1750

round1830

pinguefy1893

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 20 He would have them by some device to have their Heads rotunded or rounded.

1822 Examiner 24 Mar. 187/1 A tall gaunt Scot, somewhat rotunded by good fortune and ministerial dinners.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

n.1550

adj.?a1425

v.1634

单词	rotund
释义	rotundn. Brit. /rə(ʊ)ˈtʌnd/, U.S. /roʊˈtənd/ Forms: see rotund adj. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rotund adj. Etymology: < rotund adj. Compare the French and Italian forms cited at rotonda n. With sense 2 compare earlier rotunda n. With sense 4 compare earlier rotundity n. †1. A globe. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > spherical or globular object trendlea900 appleeOE ballc1300 roundc1330 bowl1413 rotundity?a1425 spherea1425 pomec1440 globec1450 orba1500 rotund1550 roundel1589 pompom1748 1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Dviij The..kyng of England..is fygured holdynge in his left hande a rounde rotunde, representyng his Impery. 2. A round building or space; (the name of) a particular building of this shape. Cf. rotunda n. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific shape > [noun] quadrangle1596 rotund1606 rotundo1614 camera1633 rotunda1648 tholosc1660 umbrella1680 octagon1767 round tower1790 cone1791 flat-iron1862 tetragon1884 tempietto1896 tetrapylon1904 igloo1956 shoebox1968 the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle > a circular space rotund1606 rotundo1614 cirque1644 circus1771 1606 T. Palmer Ess. Meanes to make Trauailes more Profitable ii. 90 Touching the formes and figures of Forts, that is either regular or irregular. The regular be either Rotunds, Quadrats, Pentagonons, Hexagonons, &c. 1676 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Acct. Voy. Athens iii. 255 The Rotund at Rome..was also a Pantheon, and built by Agrippa. 1740 J. Dyer Ruins of Rome 21 Phœbus' Temple, nodding with its Woods, Threatens huge Ruin o'er the small Rotund. 1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Wells The chapter-house is a rotund, supported by a pillar in the middle. 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful ii. §10. 55 In a rotund, whether it be a building or a plantation, you can no where fix a boundary. 1882 G. J. Romanes Animal Intelligence x. 270 Even the stupid-looking ostrich has heart enough to die for love, as was the case with a male in the Rotund of the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. 1921 Art & Archæol. 11 199/2 The Byzantine-Czech, later Roman-Byzantine-Czech rotunds, became supplemented by basilicas with a single nave or a nave with two aisles. †3. An assembly of people seated in a circle. Obsolete. rare.In quot. 1636 with reference to the Knights of the Round Table. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > other specific arrangements > [noun] > arrangement in a group > a circular group of people ringOE round1489 rotund1636 circle1766 round O1845 1636 R. Griffin in Ann. Dubrensia sig. H Since that brave Heroe dy'd.., Arthur, with his rotund of Knights. 4. The state of being round or plump; a round object, expanse, or extent; a plump person. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > a circle, ring, or sphere trendlea900 roundnessa1382 compassc1384 rotundity?a1425 rundlea1425 rondure1609 rotundant1661 rotund1729 1729 G. Duckett & J. Dennis Martiniad 3 in Pope Alexander's Supremacy Examin'd No Features could with him find Grace, The long he call'd a Rueful Face, The Man who 'rose to the Rotund, He sunk him down in dull Profund. 1755 J. Hervey Theron & Aspasio III. 265 It [sc. a wren's nest] is a neat Rotund, lengthened into an Oval, bottomed and vaulted with a regular Concave. 1802 J. West Infidel Father I. 16 The frown which gradually overcast the luminous rotund of Lady Fitz John's countenance. 1860 I. Taylor Ultimate Civilization 183 The merry rotund of the front aspect. 1913 Harvard Graduates' Mag. June 611 A classmate, who belonged to the order of rotunds, trained on the track for the mile walk. †5. A regularly recurring sequence or continuous cycle of activities, events, duties, etc.; = round n.¹ 20a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > [noun] > a continuous succession of events, actions, etc. round1650 circulation1682 rotund1761 ronde1846 1761 Crit. Rev. Oct. 310 Her hours were melted away in a rotund of pleasure and indulgencies. 1799 R. Sickelmore Agnes & Leonora I. 2 She retired from the bustle and monotony which a diurnal rotund of company produces. 6. Entomology. = replete n. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > distended with food replete1877 rotund1882 1882 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1881 23 The rotunds do not elaborate the honey, as has frequently been asserted. 1909 St Nicholas 36 940/3 This honey is mainly collected..by the outside workers and fed to these ‘rotunds’..whose sole duty is to..hold it until needed by some of the others in the nest. 1992 J. R. Adams Insect Potpourri vii. 303 During the winter, the rotunds regurgitate food on demand by normal workers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). rotundadj. Brit. /rə(ʊ)ˈtʌnd/, U.S. /roʊˈtənd/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s rotunde, late Middle English 1600s– rotund. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rotundus. Etymology: < classical Latin rotundus round, circular, spherical, globular, having a rounded surface, (of a speaker or writer) smooth and finished, well-rounded, related to rota wheel (see rota n.); with the ending compare secundus second adj. Compare Middle French rotond (a1483 as rotunde ; now rare), Spanish rotundo (1511), Portuguese rotundo (1572), and the Romance forms cited at round adj. Compare earlier round adj. Compare also rotound adj.In sense 2 after classical Latin ōre rotundō (see ore rotundo adv.). 1. Approximately spherical; round, orbicular; (Botany, esp. of a leaf) approximately circular, roundish. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [adjective] roundc1300 rotund?a1425 orbicular?1440 rotounda1450 trendec1450 orbical1582 roundya1586 rundled1598 orby?1609 orbic1619 rotundal1624 roundwise1633 orbiculatea1650 orbiculated1656 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 113 (MED) Þer beþ not vsed to me bot cauteriez punctualez or rotund of þe fontynellez, i. wellez of þe armez & leggez. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 104 Anoþir oynement..ceruse..olibanum, aloes, mirre, aristologie rotunde..make hem vp wiþ vinegre and oile of rosis. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. Thesaurarye sig. c^v/1 This Cauterye is rotunde concavouse, & rescindente: we vse it to cauterize the skinne of the Heade. 1627 P. Hay Advt. Subj. Scotl. 104 The Figure of the World is Rotund and Circular: more, it is Limited, and not Infinite, both which are manifest. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 177 I..can't forbear thinking the Cross Figure more proper for such spacious Buildings than the Rotund. 1794 W. Marshall in Rural Econ. W. Eng. (1796) II. 75 The Town.., surrounded with inferior streets, caps a rotund hillock. 1843 S. C. Hall & A. M. Hall Ireland III. 200 All the Mithraic..temples were rotund. 1888 Bot. Gaz. 13 113 Leaves rotund, increasing upward. 1929 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 16 516 Blades..sharply acute to rotund at apex. 1955 J. P. Donleavy Ginger Man (1972) xv. 154 A man with a rotund skull and shoulders streamlined against the weather. 1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 119/1 A heavy rotund shell with involute coiling and a very deep umbilicus. 1991 M. Frutkin Invading Tibet i. 7 I nodded towards the rotund cavern of the reading room. 2000 A. F. Rhoads & T. A. Block Plants Pennsylvania 854 Fronds rotund to elliptic. 2004 I. M. Banks Algebraist (2005) iii. 157 The gas-giant filled the sky, so close that its rotund bulk took on the appearance of a vast wall. 2. Of the mouth: rounded in the act of speech; (of the voice or an utterance) sonorous, full-toned; (of literary style) inflated, grandiloquent. Cf. orotund adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [adjective] > qualities of speech sounds weaka1637 apert1668 narrow-mouthed1668 servile1700 rotund1742 tonous1773 homorganic1864 trainante1865 oral1869 neutral1874 compact1930 lento1939 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [adjective] > loud or resonant > having full or rich voice > of the mouth: sonorous rotund1742 1742 Woman in Miniature 20 Roar out with mouth rotund, and bellow thro' the dome. 1778 Def. Theophilus Lindsey vii. 304 His self-compliment is so plump and rotund, that it shall be set down in his own words. 1830 G. P. R. James Darnley III. xiii. 301 A long detail of grievances poured forth from the rotund mouth of honest Jekin Groby. 1831 T. De Quincey Dr. Parr in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 765/1 The style of Latin they affect is..too florid, too rotund. 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. xiii. 273 A most rotund and glowing negative. 1886 Manch. Examiner 14 Jan. 5/6 He read out, in a fine, rotund, elocutionary style, the message. 1922 Science 25 Aug. 205/2 So much did this phrase please him that he paraded it on many occasions, and I confess I used to dodge around the corner to avoid its rotund and sonorous condemnation. 1941 H. R. Knickerbocker Is Tomorrow Hitler's? i. 43 I was surprised to hear Trotzky's voice, a clear high tenor. I had expected a deeper, more rotund tone. 2003 T. Pratchett Monstrous Regiment (2004) 263 The sergeant doffed his cap and in a jovial, rotund voice that peed brandy and crapped plum pudding, said, ‘Good evening madarm!’ 3. Of a person, a part of the body, etc.: rounded; plump, podgy. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] > fat or plump fatc893 frimOE fullOE overfatOE greatOE bald1297 roundc1300 encorsivea1340 fattishc1369 fleshyc1369 fleshlyc1374 repletea1398 largec1405 corsious1430 corpulentc1440 corsyc1440 fulsome1447 portlyc1487 corporate1509 foggy fata1529 corsive1530 foggish?1537 plump1545 fatty1552 fleshful1552 pubble1566 plum1570 pursy1576 well-fleshed1576 gross?1577 fog1582 forfatted1586 gulchy1598 bouksome1600 fat-fed1607 meatified1607 chuff1609 plumpya1616 bloat1638 blowze-like1647 obese1651 jollya1661 bloated1664 chubbed1674 pluffya1689 puffya1689 pussy1688 sappy1694 crummy1718 chubby1722 fodgel1724 well-padded1737 beefy1743 plumpish1753 pudsy1754 rotund1762 portable1770 lusty1777 roundabout1787 well-cushioned1802 plenitudinous1803 stout1804 embonpointc1806 roly-poly1808 adipose1810 roll-about1815 foggy1817 poddy1823 porky1828 hide-blown1834 tubby1835 stoutish1836 tubbish1836 superfatted1841 pottle-bodied1842 pincushiony1851 opulent1882 well-covered1884 well-upholstered1886 butterball1888 endomorphic1888 tisty-tosty1888 pachyntic1890 barrel-bodied1894 overweight1899 pussy-gutted1906 upholstered1924 1762 ‘T. Shandy’ Descr. Gen. Elections vi. 22 All this signifies nothing, said a little dapper Fellow, with a rotund Belly. 1834 G. P. R. James John Marston Hall x Various peculiar points in his rotund conformation. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxiv. 243 If they would bring to me their rotund little companion within three days. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt II. xxx. 226 This pink-faced rotund specimen of prosperity. 1922 H. Walpole Cathedral 304 Ronder was ashamed, as though his rotund body had been suddenly exposed in all its obese nakedness before the assembled citizens of Polchester. 1958 S. Plath Jrnl. 5 Mar. (2000) 345 The rotund, rosy white-haired chauffeur held the door open for her. 2002 C. Hiaasen Basket Case iv. 33 Not being a rotund pillhead with clogged valves, I am statistically unlikely to expire on the toilet, as Elvis did. Compounds C1. Chiefly Botany. Combined with a following adjective, as rotund-excavate, rotund-ovate, etc. Cf. rotundo- comb. form. ΚΠ 1818 W. P. C. Barton Compendium Floræ Philadelphicæ I. 194 Leaves rotund-ovate, acuminate. 1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. II ii. 1270 Centre of posterior margin deeply rotund-excavate. 1897 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24 522 Obliquely rotund-ovate dorsal lobes. 1918 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 5 58 Leaves chiefly basal, rotund-obovate. 1948 H. A. Pilsbry Land Mollusca of North Amer. II. ii. 592 The aperture is rotund-lunate, the peristome simple. 2005 Guide Medicinal Plants N. Afr. (Internat. Union Conservation Nature & Nat. Resources) 191/1 Bracts, rotund-ovate, glabrous, obtuse. C2. As the second element of a compound, as cordate-rotund, ovate-rotund, etc. Cf. plano-rotund adj. at plano- comb. form¹ 1. ΚΠ 1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. II ii. 698 Abdomen..broad truncato-rotund at apex. 1863 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 56 The flowering specimens, with their cordate-rotund radical leaves. 1907 G. Watt Wild & Cultivated Cotton Plants World iii. 79 Leaves ovate-rotund, often coated with persistent hairs. 1958 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 45 32 Legumes oblong-rotund to inequilaterally oblong. 2000 J. A. Dahlberg in C. W. Smith & R. A. Frederiksen Sorghum i. 117 Grains small to medium, obovate-rotund. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † rotundv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymon: rotund adj. Etymology: < rotund adj., perhaps after classical Latin rotundāre (see rotundate adj.). Compare earlier round v.² Obsolete. rare. 1. transitive. To blunt or reduce (sharpness). ΚΠ 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xix. xii. 734 Dysenteryes, or bloody-fluxes caused by unctions, may be helped by Glysters, wherein much hogs-grease is dissolved to rotund [L. ad obtundendam] the acrimony caused by the medicine and humor which nourisheth the Dysentery. 2. transitive. To make round or rounded in shape; to cause to become rotund. Chiefly in past participle. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > make round [verb (transitive)] rounda1400 orb1600 rotund1650 the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [verb (transitive)] > fat or plump farce14.. alarda1425 plum1561 enseam1562 lard1579 engross1587 impinguate1620 to put on1626 rotund1650 pinguedinize1656 bloat1677 to take ona1750 round1830 pinguefy1893 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 20 He would have them by some device to have their Heads rotunded or rounded. 1822 Examiner 24 Mar. 187/1 A tall gaunt Scot, somewhat rotunded by good fortune and ministerial dinners. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.1550adj.?a1425v.1634
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