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单词 steek
释义

steekn.1

Brit. /stiːk/, U.S. /stik/, Scottish English /stik/, Irish English /stiːk/
Forms: English regional (Northumberland) 1700s steak, 1800s steek; Scottish 1700s– steek, 1800s stic, 1800s– steik, 1900s– stick (Shetland); Irish English 1900s– steek.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: steek v.3
Etymology: Either (i) < steek v.3, or (ii) (in spite of the large chronological gap) the reflex of an unattested northern Middle English and Older Scots variant of stitch n.1 If this is the case, steek v.3 may show conversion from this word, and hence imply earlier currency; compare also earlier steeked adj.1 and steeking n.3
Scottish, Irish English (northern), and English regional (Northumberland).
1.
a. A stitch in sewing or knitting. Also in figurative contexts (cf. to take up a stitch at stitch n.1 7).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > needlework > stitch
stitch1599
steek1737
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > knitted fabric > stitches
steek1737
1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. 30 For want of a steek a shoe may be tint.
1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs vii, in Poems 12 A bonie, silken purse..whare thro' the steeks, The yellow letter'd Geordie keeks.
1797 A. Brown Hist. Glasgow II. iii. i. 257 The workman takes up sixty steeks in the time the knitter with wires could take up twenty.
1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie I. ii. 13 I hope ye'll allow me to gie her an opportunity to tak up the steik in her stocking.
1823 J. Galt Entail I. iv. 31 With the help of a steek or twa of darning..it would do very well.
1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xi. 171 When the steek in my father's purse, let down by my mother's spiritual propensities, was taken up.
1884 R. F. Hardy Glenairlie I. ix. 93 ‘Tak' up that steek for me,’ said ‘Auntie’, shoving a coarse grey stocking into Martha's hand.
1900 R. J. Muir Myst. Muncraig iii. 46 Ye maun e'idently watch every turn o' the shears and every steek o' the needle.
1920 A. North Forging of Pikes xiii. 134 She wis aye makin' bits o' lace an' sic fule things, an' tellin' ye hoo mony steeks it tuik here, an' hoo mony ye had to miss there.
1933 Kelso Chron. 3 Nov. 5 Folk never saw him cleedin'-hale for a' his mither's steeks.
1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 282/2 Steek, a stitch.
2002 D. Purves Pompitie Finnds Needle (SCOTS) i Twa-thrie steiks wi that an yeir dream wul be as guid as ever it wes!
b. In emphatic use: a ‘stitch’ of clothing or fabric; the smallest or least piece of clothing or fabric. Cf. stitch n.1 10.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > least part of
threadc1200
steek1771
stitch1818
1771 J. Finlayson Marches Day i. 9 Gad knows how I'm fought to death in getting a steek of claithes to thae poor things.
1802 S. Kerr Scotish Poems 6 They reel'd, to whar their claes ance lay, But willawins! The ne'er a steek o' claes had they.
1806 A. Douglas Poems 10 He brags he'll tak baith hill an' howe, An' to the steeks us plunder.
1820 W. Scott Monastery III. x. 252 They would tirl every steek of claithes from our backs.
1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders x. 94 We could see the king's ship coming..wi' every steek o' canvas set.
1915 J. Wilson Lowland Scotch Lower Strathearn 116 Noa a steek, not a stitch.
1954 C. Sandison Sixareen iv. 21 There would not be a dry ‘stick’ on their bodies.
2000 in Sc. National Dict. New Suppl. (Electronic text) at Steek [Ayrshire] Ye don't hae a steek ti yer back.
2004 D. Purves Haiku by Japanese Masters (SCOTS) Aw thir braw claes on me—no ae steik ma ain.
2.
a. A quick rate or pace. Sc. National Dict. (at Steek n.2) records this sense as still in use in Angus in 1971.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > [noun] > spell of work or duty
trick1669
time1696
stem1778
turn1793
tour of duty1800
spell1804
shift1809
steek1889
go-in1890
steek1895
stag1931
wink1937
1889 J. M. Barrie Window in Thrums xxii. 210 He gaed by at sic a steek.
1912 A. Reid Forfar Worthies 86 Aff I ran at a fine steek.
b. A spell or stint of activity. Sc. National Dict. (at Steek n.2) records this sense as still in use in Kirkcudbrightshire in 1971.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > [noun] > spell of work or duty
trick1669
time1696
stem1778
turn1793
tour of duty1800
spell1804
shift1809
steek1889
go-in1890
steek1895
stag1931
wink1937
1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags xxv. 185 I had given up all thought of escape, and was putting in hard steeks at the praying.

Phrases

to keep (also hold) steeks with: to keep pace or time with; to keep up with. Sc. National Dict. (at Steek n.2) records this phrase as still in use in Kirkcudbrightshire, Dumfriesshire, and Selkirkshire in 1971.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > be simultaneous with [verb (transitive)] > make simultaneous or contemporary > cause to go at the same rate
to keep (also hold) steeks with1793
time1808
synchronize1879
1793 Northumberland Garland ix. 54 Wight Wallace could hardly have with her kept steaks.
a1801 R. Gall Poems & Songs (1819) 27 Then wi' her hands her tongue kept steeks.
1896 S. R. Crockett Grey Man vi. 42 The wearers of the butcher's colours had enough to do to keep steeks with us.
1927 Kirkcudbrightshire Advertiser 24 June They say it hauds steeks wi'—a Neighbourin' Toon!
1942 in Sc. National Dict. (1960) V. 377/2 [Kirkcudbrightshire] Ye couldna keep steeks wi' that Alec; them that gets ahin 'im are ridin' gey near the tail.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

steekn.2

Brit. /stiːk/, U.S. /stik/
Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: stick n.3
Etymology: Apparently reflecting a regional pronunciation of stick n.3 (compare stick n.3 3), perhaps reinforced by association with steek v.2 Compare earlier to stick out 3b at stick v.1 Phrasal verbs 1 and also stick v.1 22.
English regional (north-eastern). Now historical and rare.
A strike by colliers or keelmen. Cf. stick n.3 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [noun] > strike
turn-out1806
strike1810
steek1812
standout1826
stickout1845
walkout1881
stoppage1902
jack-up1945
1812 Picture of Newcastle upon Tyne 241 A combination for such purposes is, both by the colliers and keelmen, called a ‘Steek’, that is a sticking or refraining from their master's work, and an obstinate adherence to their own demands.
1844 M. A. Richardson Local Historian's Table Bk. Legendary Div. II. 2 A somewhat serious disagreement between the keelmen of the Tyne and their employers, which ended in a steek of long continuance.
1862 S. Smiles Lives Engineers III. 10 They were..hard workers, but very wild and uncouth; much given to ‘steeks’, or strikes.
1962 A. Seton Devil Water i. 17 ‘If Black Will cotch us, he'll make ould Creeper dock our pay.’ ‘Then we'll go on steek again!’ said Dick.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

steekn.3

Brit. /stiːk/, U.S. /stik/
Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: steek n.1
Etymology: Apparently a specific use of steek n.1
Knitting.
Esp. in Fair Isle knitting: a section of extra stitches worked at a point which will ultimately be cut open, enabling the knitter to work in the round rather than back and forth. Also as a modifier, esp. in steek stitch.The steek technique is often used for knitted garments. Once the knitting is complete, the work is cut along the steek and finished to create an opening, such as an armhole, the front opening of a cardigan, etc.
ΚΠ
1981 S. McGregor Compl. Bk. Fair Isle Knitting iii. 31/1 There were no reductions around the armhole, the gusset stitches being left on a stitch-holder, and the sleeve opening bridged by a steek of 6-8 stitches cast on for that purpose above the gusset.
1996 C. Strick Sweaters from New Eng. Village 99/1 Neck... When picking up stitches around openings that have been steeked, use the stitch directly adjacent to the last steek stitch.
2012 M. Radcliffe Circular Knitting Workshop x. 292/1 These instructions call for an 8-stitch steek... There's no rule for the exact number of stitches in a steek: you just need enough fabric to work with after the steek is cut.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

steekv.1

Brit. /stiːk/, U.S. /stik/, Scottish English /stik/, Irish English /stiːk/
Inflections: Past tense and past participle steeked;
Forms: 1. Present stem.

α. early Middle English stekenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English steoke, Middle English stekye, Middle English steskys (3rd singular indicative, transmission error), Middle English steyke, Middle English–1600s steke, late Middle English steake (in a late copy); English regional (chiefly northern) 1600s steeke, 1600s steike, 1600s 1800s– steek, 1600s– steck, 1800s stake, 1800s steack, 1800s steak, 1800s steeak, 1800s steik, 1800s steukk, 1800s steyk, 1800s stiak, 1800s stike; Scottish pre-1700 steak, pre-1700 steeke, pre-1700 steiche, pre-1700 steike, pre-1700 stek, pre-1700 steke, pre-1700 1700s– steek, pre-1700 1700s– steik, 1800s steick.

β. Scottish pre-1700 sticke, pre-1700 stik.

2. Past tense.

α. Middle English steked, Middle English stekyd, 1600s 1800s steek't, 1800s steak'd (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 steiket, pre-1700 steikit, pre-1700 stekit, pre-1700 stekyt, pre-1700 stekyte, pre-1700 1900s steeked, 1800s stieket, 1800s– steekit, 1900s– steiked.

β. Middle English stac, Middle English stak, Middle English stake.

γ. Scottish pre-1700 stickit, 1700s stick'd.

δ. Scottish pre-1700 stokit.

3. Past participle.

α. Middle English isteke, Middle English isteken, Middle English steke, Middle English steken, Middle English stekenn, Middle English stekin, Middle English ysteke; Scottish pre-1700 stek, pre-1700 stekine.

β. Middle English istoke, Middle English stoke, Middle English stokene, Middle English stokin, Middle English stokune, Middle English stokyn, Middle English stokyne, Middle English ystoke, Middle English ystoken, Middle English–1500s stoken, 1600s stuke (Scottish).

γ. Middle English isteked, Middle English steked, Middle English stekid, Middle English ystekyd; English regional (northern) 1800s steak'd, 1800s steck'd, 1800s steeked, 1800s steuckt; Scottish pre-1700 steaked, pre-1700 steakit, pre-1700 steicked, pre-1700 steikit, pre-1700 steikket, pre-1700 steikkit, pre-1700 steked, pre-1700 stekit, pre-1700 stekyd, pre-1700 stekyt, pre-1700 steyked, pre-1700 1700s steiked, pre-1700 1700s steiket, pre-1700 1700s–1900s steeked, pre-1700 1900s– stekkit (now Shetland), 1700s– steekit, 1800s steek't, 1800s steeket, 1900s steekid (Shetland), 1900s steekt.

δ. Middle English stiked (northern); Scottish pre-1700 sticked, pre-1700 stikit, pre-1700 1800s stikkit.

ε. 1500s stokked (Yorkshire); Scottish pre-1700 stokyt.

θ. Scottish pre-1700 staiket, 1900s staeked (Shetland), 1900s staekid (Shetland).

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: steek v.2
Etymology: Probably an extended use of steek v.2 (although this is first attested later), but the semantic development is not entirely clear. Compare bisteke v.Semantic development. It has been suggested that the sense development had as its starting point the concept of fastening a door or gate with a bolt, the bolt being stuck in to fasten it. The word as it appears in 19th-cent. regional use has sometimes been associated with stake n.1 (on account of field gates being fastened with stakes), although this is clearly formally distinct, both originally and in later use. Inflection. Like steek v.2, the word appears to have originally been a strong verb of Class V (the type later continued in e.g. give , gave , given (see give v.); compare Forms 2β. and 3α. ), with subsequent influence from Class IV verbs (and their descendants, seen in e.g. steal , stole , stolen (see steal v.1); compare Forms 3β. ), but eventually developing into a weak verb (compare Forms 2α. and 3γ. ); compare the forms and discussion at steek v.2 and also the forms at stick v.1 This suggests that, even if not originally identical, this word has long been associated or identified with steek v.2 One set of forms apparently shows influence from stick v.1 and its former weak past tense and past participle (see Forms 1β. , 2γ. , and 3δ. ), although these forms are rare. Some types of past tense and past participle formation show mutual influence between weak and strong forms (compare Forms 2δ. , 3ε. , and 3θ. forms).
Chiefly (and now only) Scottish, Irish English (northern), and English regional (northern).
1.
a.
(a) transitive. To shut up, enclose, imprison (a person) (in a place). Sometimes with up. Sc. National Dict. (at Steek v.1) records this sense as still in use in Banffshire, Angus, Dumbartonshire, and Dumfriesshire in 1971.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > imprison [verb (transitive)]
beclosec1000
setc1100
steekc1175
prison?c1225
adightc1275
imprison1297
laya1325
keepc1330
presentc1380
locka1400
throwc1422
commise1480
clapc1530
shop1548
to lay up1565
incarcerate1575
embar1590
immure1598
hole1608
trunk1608
to keep (a person) darka1616
carceir1630
enjaila1631
pocket1631
bridewell1733
bastille1745
cage1805
quod1819
bag1824
carcerate1839
to send down1840
jug1841
slough1848
to send up1852
to put away1859
warehouse1881
roundhouse1889
smug1896
to bang up1950
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8087 & he toc iwhillc hæfedd mann..& let hemm stekenn inn an hus & haldenn swiþe fasste.
c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) 258 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 11 Þe false ymages bi gunne to breke þat þe feondes weren inne i steke.
c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 54 Crist..Called us fro deþ þer we weore stoke.
a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 1126 Ac ȝet heo is in prison stoke.
a1450 ( in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 47 Oure enemys..Þat hadde vs in cheynes stoken.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 198v Telamocus he toke..Stake hym in a stith house.
1551–2 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 162 Ordanis James Carmichaell dene of gild to steik wp all maner of personis..vnto the tyme thay pay thair dewte thairfore.
1789 D. Sillar Poems 195 Not a' your pow'r Could get them steeked i' your fetters.
1796 J. Lauderdale Coll. Poems Sc. Dial. 44 There is nought, the case will alter, Except it be a hempen halter, Or steeked up in Gibraltar.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. viii. 175 If they steek me up here, my friends are like eneugh to forget me.
1849 A. Bell Melodies Scotl. 88 But cronies and cads will be watchin' to seek him in, Publics and change-houses ettlin' to steek him in.
1937 T. Henderson Lockerbie 161 On his entering the pulpit, the beadle steiked him in.
(b) transitive. To shut up, enclose (a thing or animal) (in a place). Sometimes with up. Also in figurative contexts. Sc. National Dict. (at Steek v.1) records this sense as still in use in Banffshire, Angus, Dumbartonshire, and Dumfriesshire in 1971.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > enclose or confine [verb (transitive)]
pena1200
bebar?c1225
loukc1275
beshuta1300
parc1300
to shut in1398
to close inc1400
parrockc1400
pinc1400
steekc1400
lock?a1425
includec1425
key?a1439
spare?c1450
enferme1481
terminea1500
bebay1511
imprisona1533
besetc1534
hema1552
ram1567
warda1586
closet1589
pound1589
seclude1598
confine1600
i-pend1600
uptie1600
pinfold1605
boundify1606
incoop1608
to round in1609
ring1613
to buckle ina1616
embounda1616
swathe1624
hain1636
coopa1660
to sheathe up1661
stivea1722
cloister1723
span1844
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1524 Goddes..Þat were of stokkes and stones..Never steven hem astel, so stoken is hor tonge.
a1425 (c1300) Assumption of Virgin (BL Add.) (1901) l. 848 That floure was ‘manna’ yclepid; Hit was in þe tumbe ystekyd.
a1450 ( in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 12 (MED) In euyl soule no grace is stoken, ffor wikked soule is graceles.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 2 Soche stories ben stoken vp & straught out of mynd.
1788 J. Macaulay Poems Var. Subj. 221 Whan Roger, gaun to steek his fleece Into the fauld, did Jenny spy.
1791 D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (ed. 3) II. 320 At e'en I had baith ewe and horn Safe steikit up.
1791 R. Cumming Willie & Jamie in Ess. delivered in Pantheon 9 When wi' their flocks, a' day, 'neath heat or cauld; Or When at e'en they steek them in the fauld.
1837 R. Nicoll Poems (1843) 144 An' ahint the door o' cauld disdain My heart I canna steek.
1890 M. Oliphant in Macmillan's Mag. Aug. 316/2 Bring me my clothes. You steek everything away.
1909 A. C. Swinburne in Dial 16 Dec. 504/2 He that will steek his sheep thereby He shall go sadly away.
1920 A. Gray Songs & Ballads 20 The warst thing, and the daftest. I keepit steekt i' my breist.
b. transitive. Chiefly with out. To shut out, exclude (a person or thing). Sc. National Dict. (at Steek v.1) records this sense as still in use in Banffshire, Angus, Dumbartonshire, and Dumfriesshire in 1971.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out
loukc1275
speara1300
beshutc1330
forbarc1330
warn?a1366
to close outa1382
to shut outc1384
steeka1393
again-louka1400
to keep outc1425
outshutc1450
seclude1498
to stop outc1530
to hedge out1549
confine1577
to hold out1583
out-bar1590
debar1593
excommunicate1602
expel1604
immurec1616
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 584 That what as evere I [sc. Forgetfulness] thoghte have spoken, It is out fro myn herte stoken.
a1450 (?1419–20) Friar Daw's Reply (Digby) l. 713 in P. L. Heyworth Jack Upland (1968) 95 (MED) Crist..ne hadde noon harborow To resten in his owne heed, & steken out the stormes.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 900 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 55 Gregor sais..þat nothir stekis fra godis mercy of þe fel syne þe quantite, na ȝet þe gret ennormyte.
1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Secludo, to steak out.
1659 Cramond Kirk Session I. 17 Apr. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Stek(e Marion Wachop steekit out the uther servant woman Jonet Young two severall nights.
1796 A. Wilson Watty & Meg 8 That ye'll..Never out at e'ening steek me.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. iii. 55 What for are ye steeking them out?—let them come in.
1844 J. Ballantine Miller of Deanhaugh 135 This daggy day will serve to foster Love for the morning, all radiant and bright, That will steek out the darkness, an' let in the light.
1894 A. Reid Sangs Heatherland 47 Throo a my heid there ran The thocht that I was steekin' oot my man!
†c. transitive. To refrain from expressing (something); to restrain (an emotion); to hold (something) back. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lie, tell (lies) [verb (transitive)] > deceive by lying
gabc1275
steeka1400
taradiddle1828
to sell (a person) a packet1886
a1400 Cato's Distichs (Fairf.) l. 17 in R. Morris Cursor Mundi (1878) III. App. iv. 1669 Fainteli for to speke. and þe soþ for to steke. is falsid and blame.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 754 Ȝet for þretty in þrong I schal my þro steke, And spare spakly of spyt.
c1450 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1933) 164 195 (MED) Luke mane þou steke [a1500 Cambr. kepe] þi witt strayte; Till alle questyouns answere þou oughte.
2.
a. transitive. To shut, fasten (a door, window, gate, etc.). Also with to, †up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.)
shutc1000
steek?c1225
makec1300
speara1325
yark toc1400
to shut toc1450
to put toa1500
warpc1540
enclose1563
to pull to1673
dub1753
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 52 As vh mon walde steoke feste vh þurl for hwon heo machten bi steoken deað þrute.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 689 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 126 In þe Eueninge he bad is knaue to steken þe dore faste.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 65 (MED) Martianus seiþ þat þe ȝates of Caspij beeþ i-steke wiþ yren barres.
a1450 Seven Sages (Cambr. Dd.1.17) (1845) l. 1352 He ros..And steke to the dore anoone.
c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 341 Summe..vndurstonden bodily keyȝes, by whiche heuen ȝates shulden be openid and stokune.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 220 Afterward the knyȝt come home, & he fonde the yate of his castell stoken.
1519 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 268 Nowe, often tymes, the dure is stokked.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxi And whan the shepe ar in ye gret folde..steke the gate.
1560 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1875) III. 83 The heretouris..of the landis lyand on the west syde of the Nether Kirk yarde to stik vpe or stanchel the windokis and durris of the saidis landis swa that na bestiall hawe entres to the said kirk yarde.
1582 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 470 The provest and baillies..hes steikit up thair buith durris.
1640 in W. Stevenson Presbyterie Bk. Kirkcaldie (1900) 168 The durr was steakit after them.
1685 G. Meriton York-shire Dialogue in Praise of York-shire Ale 42 Tibb dar nut come to fetcht, for flaid o'th Stegg, Than goame steek'th Hemble deaur, & bar up Grise.
1728 A. Ramsay Monk & Miller's Wife 57 He knock'd, for Doors were steekit.
1792 New Year's Morning 21 'Gain Phoebus did his window steek, An' bade adieu to day.
1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf ix, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 179 Will ye gie me your word..that I am free to come and free to gae, with five minutes to open the grate, and five minutes to steek it and to draw the bolts?
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) (at cited word) Steck the door and come in.
1879 G. MacDonald Sir Gibbie II. xi. 183 And gien 't war a fine simmer nicht 'at a body cud lie thereoot..I wad steek the door i' yer face.
1891 S. Dyer Dial. W. Riding Yorks. 61 Let me steek't deer, first, an ye please. (Shuts the door.)
1901 N. Munro Doom Castle xxxvii. 359 To be left ahint to steek the yetts.
1965 Weekly Scotsman 4 Mar. 2 Be ye sure tae steik the gate.
2004 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 21 June 12 Elton manag't tae draa attenchin tae the ither side, an ile capital that steeks its doors tae onybody tryin tae win in or oot by air at nicht.
b. transitive. To shut up (a place); to close securely (a place or receptacle); to lock up. Also with up. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place)
steeka1250
shut1340
to shut in1390
spear1445
seclude1451
to shut up1530
mure1550
block1630
lock1773
to lock up1824
seal1931
to sew up1962
to lock down1980
a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 22 Lokeð þet te parlurs beon euer ueste..& eke wel i stekene.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1175 (MED) This Cofre..thei finde faste stoke, Bot thei with craft it have unloke.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 383 Þis steede [sc. Hell] schall stonde no lenger stoken, Opynne vppe and latte my pepul passe.
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 316 This process (now) mot closine ben and stek; And furth I wil one to my mater go.
1561 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1843) III. ii. 289 Papisticall jurisdictione abolesched furth of ye same ye consistorie hows dischergit and stekyt vp.
1563 Ressoning Crosraguell & Knox sig. Aiiiv Wo be vnto you Scribes and Pharises..for ye steak the kingdome of heauen before men:..suche as wold enter ye suffer not.
1597 Skene's Acts Parl. Scot. Table at Tavernes Tavernes suld be steiked at nine houres, and na person suld be found therein.
1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. xlvi. 84 Your purse was steeked when that was paid for.
1813 G. MacIndoe Wandering Muse 97 Firm hae ye steekit ev'ry cell.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xv. 323 Then we'll steek the shop, and cry ben Baby, and take a hand at the cartes till the gudeman comes hame.
1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood vii. 134 I wad like to steek the place when ye're awa' to the hills.
1996 S. Blackhall Wittgenstein's Web p. iii The warld o the Artist wis steekit tae me.
†c. transitive. To close off, stop up, block (a hole, passage, etc.). Frequently with up. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close an aperture or orifice
ditc1000
shut1362
steekc1380
stopc1400
quirt1532
to close up1542
to fill up1598
unspar1611
caulk1616
cork1650
busha1659
instop1667
close1697
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 5190 Ac þys lordes..habbeþ..þat hole aȝayn y-stoken.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 439 Þen he stac vp þe stangez, stoped þe wellez.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 687 We ar the fox & thai the fischer That stekis forouth ws the way.
1574 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 30 Ordanis the Sculehous Wynd and all the wennellis to be simpliciter condampnit and stekit vp.
1773 R. Fergusson Poems 106 The Muse maun also now implore Auld wives to steek ilk hole and bore.
1864 W. D. Latto Tammas Bodkin 123 I proceedit to clap an extinguisher on her loquacity by steekin' up her gab wi' a bunch o' two-lips.
1876 Littell's Living Age Oct. 210/2 Ye ken the life o' puir fisher fowk: ye ken hoo it micht be lichtened sae lang as it laists, an' mony a hole steikit 'at the cauld deith creeps in at the noo.
†d. intransitive. To close, shut, or lock something, as a door, gate, or establishment. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > become closed (of a door, window, etc.) > close or lock door(s)
steekc1400
to lock upa1631
bolt1847
chain1886
c1400 Apocalypse St. John: B Version (Harl. 1203) (1971) 17 (MED) Stekiþ [c1400 Harl. 171 þe holi and trewe..haþ þe keye of Dauid..he closiþ & no man openeþ].
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 34 So is no man worþi..noiþer to lowse þat he byndiþ, ne to bynd þat he lowsiþ, befor þat he ȝeuiþ þe key, and kenniþ to opun and to steyke.
1545–6 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 186 Decernit..that the said George sall noder opin nor stek nor vse merchandece within this burgh for ȝeir and day.
1628 Z. Boyd Last Battell Soule viii. 1074 O God, the God of all Spirites who hast the keyes of Heauen and of Hell: Thou steeketh and no man openeth: Thou openeth and no man steeketh.
3. transitive. To shut, close (one's mouth, eyes, ears, etc.), esp. so as not to speak, see, or hear, something unwelcome. Frequently in figurative contexts.See also to steek one's gab at gab n.2 Phrases.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > stop up or render unreceptive
steeka1400
oppress1583
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 11224 But leuer ys me my mouþe to steke Þan y spak oȝt oute of skore.
c1440 (?a1375) Abbey Holy Ghost (Thornton) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 53 Steke thyn eghne fro fowle syghtes, thyn heres fro foule herynges, thy Mouthe fro foule speche.
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 1651 For qwho his eris frome the puple stekith,..His dom sall be ful grewous.
1578 Compend. Bk. Godlie Psalmes (new ed.) 202 Thow steik thy Ene fra warldis vanitie, Refraine thy lust, and harkin quhat I say.
1600 J. Hamilton Facile Traictise 191 Thay haue stekit thair eine, lest thay suld sie with thair eies.
1723 A. Ramsay Fair Assembly xvii. 12 These Lips she ne'er shou'd steek.
1786 R. Burns Poems 38 Sages their solemn een may steek.
1811 M. Lonsdale Th' Upshot in F. Jollie Sketch of Cumberland Manners 11 Some twea' three clearan drinkers Drew in a sworm an' swure an' sed, Dall thame 'at steek't their winkers.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy III. ii. 49 I redd ye keep your mouth better steekit, if ye hope to speed.
1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xv. 167 The hand of him aye cawed the shuttle, but his een was steeked.
1900 T. Given in P. Given et al. Poems from College & Country 224 Birds steek their een in wee neucks o' their ain.
1956 Banffshire Jrnl. 21 Aug. I sit back in my auld airmcheir, steek my een.
2007 R. Fairnie Scots Tung Wittins (SCOTS) No. 163 Nor wul we forget hou thay an thair predecessors steikit thair lugs an thair minds agin haein ony quaisten on Scots in ony Census.
4.
†a. intransitive. Of a place: to be closed or shut. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. i. l. 121 (MED) Mo þowsandes..Lopen out wiþ Lucifer..fellen out in fendes liknesse nyne dayes togideres, Til god of his goodnesse gan stable and stynte, And garte the heuene to stekye [a1450 Cambr. Dd.1.17 steke ageyn] and stonden in quiete.
c1440 (?a1375) Abbey Holy Ghost (Thornton) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 53 It es callede ‘cloyster’ for it closys and steskys [perhaps read stekys], and warely sall be lokkede.
b. intransitive. Esp. of a door: to close, shut.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > become closed (of a door, window, etc.)
shut1470
steeka1500
to fall to1565
sneck1871
to shut to1912
a1500 Ratis Raving (Cambr. Kk.1.5) l. 466 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 14 Wertewis..That beris the ȝettis of thi resone Tyll opin and stek with discreccione.
?a1500 Leges Quatuor Burgorum xxvi, in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 337/2 He sall suere at he wate never quhare þe dure opynnis na stekis of hym fra quham he bocht þat ilke forsayde thyng.
1583 Edinb. Dean of Guild Accts. 180 For mending of the greit ȝet of the kirkȝaird to lawin & drawin of the crukkis be the greit wynd that it wald nocht steik.
1639 in A. I. Ritchie Churches St. Baldred (1880) 246 Given to George Cuming, smith..32 pence for mending the lok of the box, and causing it to open and steek.
1683 G. Meriton York-shire Dialogue in Pure Nat. Dial. 51 Ile Swear 't upon all Beauks, that opens and steeks.
1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. 72 When ae Door steeks anither opens.
1884 D. Grant Lays & Legends of North 20 Made doors an' windows but an' ben, As fest as they cud steek.
1912 J. L. Waugh Robbie Doo 73 I heard the ooter door steek.
1960 Aberdeen Evening Express 26 Dec. Oor een niver steekit on a pillow.
2000 B. Leeming Scots Haiku II 18 Gloamin: the yalla puppies [i.e. poppies] steikin.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

steekv.2

Brit. /stiːk/, U.S. /stik/, Scottish English /stik/, Irish English /stiːk/
Inflections: Past tense and past participle steeked;
Forms: 1. Present stem. Middle English stek, Middle English–1500s steke, 1500s–1600s steek, 1500s–1600s steeke, 1500s (1800s English regional (northern)) steak, 1600s steake; Scottish pre-1700 steik, pre-1700 steke, pre-1700 stiek, 1700s– steek. 2. Past tense.

α. Middle English stekede, Middle English stekyd, Middle English–1500s steked, 1700s (archaic) 1800s (English regional) 2000s– (Irish English (northern)) steeked; Scottish pre-1700 stekid, pre-1700 stekit, pre-1700 stekyd, pre-1700 stekyt, pre-1700 steykyd, 1800s– steekit, 1900s steekeet, 1900s– steekt.

β. Middle English stec, Middle English stek, Middle English steke.

γ. late Middle English stac, late Middle English stakk, late Middle English–1500s stak, late Middle English–1500s stake, late Middle English–1500s (1800s–1900s archaic and English regional (northern)) stack, late Middle English–1600s stacke; Scottish pre-1700 staik, pre-1700 stake, pre-1700 stakke, pre-1700 1700s– stack, pre-1700 1800s– stak.

3. Past participle.

α. Middle English isteke, Middle English isteken, Middle English istekke, Middle English steke, Middle English ysteke, 1500s steek; Scottish pre-1700 steikkin.

β. Middle English isteked, Middle English istekid, Middle English istekyd, Middle English steked, Middle English stekede, Middle English stekid, Middle English stekked, Middle English stekyd, Middle English ysteked, Middle English ystekyd, 1500s steekid, 1600s steaked, 1700s steek'd; Scottish pre-1700 steickit, pre-1700 steikit, pre-1700 stekit, pre-1700 stekyd, pre-1700 stekyt, 1800s steeked, 1900s steekid, 1900s– steekit, 1900s– steekt.

γ. Scottish pre-1700 stakit.

δ. 1500s stacke; Scottish 1800s stack.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian steka (West Frisian stekke ), Middle Dutch steken (Dutch steken ), Old Saxon stekan (Middle Low German steken ), Old High German stehhan (Middle High German, German stechen ) < a variant (perhaps with a -mutation or an irregular ablaut development) of the Germanic base of stick v.1 Compare (with different ablaut grade: e -grade) Old Icelandic steikja to roast on a spit (see steak n.).Indirect early Germanic evidence. Compare Old French, Middle French estechier , estequier to put (something) into place, to stab (both late 12th cent.), to be fixed (mid 13th cent.) < a form in a Germanic language. Inflection history. The cognates suggest that this was originally a strong verb of Class V, although there is evidence of influence from Class IV verbs in several languages (most notably in German where it is already attested as a Class IV verb in Old High German). The originally strong paradigm is still reflected in much (but not all) of the early evidence in English (probably also including the forms listed at steek v.1 (compare discussion at this entry) and bisteke v.). From an early date this verb was also identified and partly merged with the ultimately related and partly synonymous stick v.1 (originally a weak verb); weak forms of steek v.2 are already attested in the early Middle English period (compare quot. c1300 at sense 1a), but strong forms also remained in use. Except in some regional and nonstandard uses, steek v.2 eventually became a weak verb, whereas stick v.1 became strong. As it is often difficult to tell whether strong forms should be interpreted as belonging to this word or to stick v.1, the forms reflecting the original Class V paradigm are listed here, while the innovative forms (reflecting influence from Class IV) are treated as forms of stick v.1 (although the surviving strong forms listed here are now also often (especially in Scots) understood to be inflections of stick v.1 and are in part used interchangeably with the inflections listed at that entry). As Middle English stike stick v.1 developed regularly into stēke in northern dialects and in Older Scots (compare the β. forms at prick v.), it is likely that some variants with e or ee may alternatively show forms of stick v.1 (which overlaps with this word in many senses). However, as it is difficult to be certain for each individual case, all such forms are treated at this entry.
Scottish, Irish English (northern), and English regional (chiefly north-eastern) in later use.
1.
a. transitive. To stab or pierce (a person or animal) with a spear, sword, knife, or other weapon; to kill by stabbing. Also of an animal: to butt or gore with its horn or horns. Also figurative. Also intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > wound with sharp weapon
woundc760
stickOE
snese?c1225
stokea1300
steekc1300
bearc1330
stangc1340
chop1362
broach1377
foinc1380
strikec1390
borea1400
dag?a1400
gorea1400
gridea1400
staira1400
through-girdc1405
thrustc1410
runc1425
to run throughc1425
traversec1425
spitc1430
through-seeka1500
stitch1527
falchiona1529
stab1530
to stab (a person) in1530
stob?1530
rutc1540
rove?c1550
push1551
foxa1566
stoga1572
poniard1593
dirk1599
bestab1600
poach1602
stiletto1613
stocka1640
inrun1653
stoccado1677
dagger1694
whip1699
bayonetc1700
tomahawk1711
stug1722
chiv1725
kittle1786
sabre1790
halberd1825
jab1825
skewer1837
sword1863
poke1866
spear1869
whinger1892
pig-stick1902
shiv1926
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate > with something sharp-pointed
shearOE
sting993
stickOE
spita1225
wound?c1225
stitchc1230
pitcha1275
threstc1275
forprick1297
steekc1300
piercec1325
rivec1330
dag?a1400
jag?a1400
lancec1400
pickc1400
tamec1400
forpierce1413
punch1440
launch1460
thringc1485
empiercec1487
to-pierce1488
joba1500
ding1529
stob?1530
probe1542
enthrill1563
inthirlc1580
cloy1590
burt1597
pink1597
lancinate1603
perterebrate1623
puncture1675
spike1687
skiver1832
bepierce1840
gimlet1841
prong1848
javelin1859
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 10459 Alle þe gode wifes hii stekede mid cnifues.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2999 Mine hert hye haþ y steke, Brengwain briȝt and fre, Þat frende.
c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1874) l. 1476 I hadde wel leuere I-stekyd [c1405 Hengwrt ystiked] for to be.
a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 13047 Helmes bowed, & þorow were steke.
1455 W. Barker in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 156 Hit was seyd..that Harpere and ij other of the Kynges Chamber were confedered to have steked the Deuk York in the Kynges Chamber.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 416 [He] stekit him vpward vith ane knyff.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 197 To cutt his thrott or steik hym sodanlye He wayndyt nocht.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xiii. ii. 150 The ȝyng oxin gan thai steik and sla.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 46 Robert Grahames hand, quhilk sa cruellie stak the king.
1604 in H. Paton Dundonald Parish Rec. (1936) 53 Jhon Dook..haueing tua milk ky..the ane of thame beand stekit, that kov wald not be handilit to geif milk twa or thrie dayes.
a1613 S. Rowlands Four Knaves (Percy Soc.) 31 Let falchion, polax, launce, or halbert try, With Flemings-knives either to steake or snye.
1629 A. Top Bk. Prayses (new ed.) (Arguments) sig. K His Ministry and right hand may teach him terrible things: and from hence to steek his Enimyes to the hart.
c1850 J. P. Robson Songs Bards of Tyne 213 Aw was tempted to steek my fond guts wiv a knife, For my drinkin' had 'cashoned this need.
1864 St. Andrews Gaz. 20 Feb. The red-an'-white bull steekit the herd laddie within an inch o' his life.
a1917 E. C. Smith Braid Haaick (1927) 21 Dinna gang nerr yon reed bull; ei steekeet a callant.
2004 K. van Dyk in J. Brown Magilligan Sentence 37 Three Asians—wouldn't take me seriously—stabbed one in the neck. Baptism of fire. Girls running out. V-8 steeked him. Pandemonium.
†b. transitive. To thrust (a pointed object) through a person or thing. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1430 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1868) l. 1564 Loue hath hese fery darte so brennyngely I-stekid þour myn trewe carful herte.
2.
†a. transitive. figurative. With prepositional phrase: to cause a person or a person's heart to be affected or afflicted by (something); to cause (an emotion, feeling, etc.) to remain in a person's heart. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 418 So michel sorwe is on me steke, Þat min hert it wil to-breke.
a1400 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Egerton) (1966) l. 116 Yf eny man to him speke Loue is on his hert steke.
a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 3538 At hys hert gret noysaunce gan he steke.
b. transitive. With adverb or prepositional phrase: to put (something) in a specified place or position; to fasten or stick in position. Also reflexive.In quot. ?c1425 intransitive with object implied.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > position or situation > take up position [verb (reflexive)]
steek?c1335
stow1362
biga1425
plant?1544
pitch1687
adjust1700
station1740
locate1775
park1914
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)]
tootc897
shootc1000
to come outOE
abuta1250
to stand outc1330
steek?c1335
risea1398
jutty14..
proferc1400
strutc1405
to stick upa1500
issuec1515
butt1523
to stick outc1540
jut1565
to run out1565
jet1593
gag1599
poke1599
proke1600
boke1601
prosiliate1601
relish1611
shoulder1611
to stand offa1616
protrude1704
push1710
projecta1712
protend1726
outstand1755
shove1850
outjut1851
extrude1852
bracket1855
to corbel out1861
to set out1892
pier1951
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > condition of being fast bound or firmly fixed > make fast [verb (transitive)] > fasten or fix
steek?c1335
stick1372
ficchec1374
plant1381
inficche1382
fix14..
graft1531
graff1536
stick1586
rivet1600
stay1627
rig1835
splice1847
fixate1885
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 137 (MED) Whan erþ haþ erþ igette And of erþe so haþ inovȝ, Whan he is þer in istekke, Wo is him þat was in wouȝ!
c1400 Sc. Trojan War ii. 210 Ande rytht besyd the hye altere..Stakke þe seluen in þe walle.
?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 430 Take the greynes of pomogarnard and steke therin.
c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 2202 Hire couerchif vp-on a pole stekede she.
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Serm. Parish Priests (Gough) in Festial (1905) 128 (MED) Fyue pepynce of encens ben steked in þe paschall lyke to þe crosse.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. x. 21 At the entre, in hy The goldin branche he steikis wp fair and weill.
1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. lxxvj The Israelites..nether prayed to him..ner steked vpp candels before him.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Eiiv As did the pure penitent that stale a goose, And stak downe a fether.
1788 J. Macaulay Poems Var. Subj. 122 I..saw a blade fast sticking to my hose, An', being freety, stack it up my nose.
1843 T. Wilson Pitman's Pay 109 Ahint their lugs, the Customs' sparks Ye see ne langer steekin' Their idle pens.
1863 J. Smith Humourous Sc. Stories 57 Jenny stan in' afore the glass, an' steekin' the bonnie braw buss roun' her waist.
1891 C. Rigby From Midsummer to Martinmas iii. 24 Ye needn't be steakin' yoursell down on a seat; thear yon Mr. Hazelden int' house, been waitin' an hour on ye.
1993 S. Blackhall Back o' Bennachie 17 Wi oxterfus o tartan plaid, steekt wi a siller preen.
2001 R. Fairnie Scots Tung Wittins (SCOTS) No. 88 If they cuid juist gaun intae a chemist shop an coff some conter-creenge patches tae steek on thair airms, things wadna be sae fykie.
†c. transitive. With prepositional phrase: to fix or fasten (an object with a point or attached pin) in a specified place by thrusting in its point or pin. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate > with something sharp-pointed > fasten by thrusting in point
stickc1300
steeka1387
pricka1425
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > condition of being fast bound or firmly fixed > make fast [verb (transitive)] > fasten or fix > in something > by thrusting in its point
pitchc1275
stickc1300
steeka1387
to stick down1555
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 427 Uppon grete plates of gold was i-steked [L. figebatur] on [of] þe foure irene nayles þat Crist was i-nayled with to þe rode.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1372 A broche..Criseyde hym yaf and stak it on his sherte.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 625 Another seith the rootis shal be bored, A wegge in euery boore ek shal he steke.
†d. transitive. To furnish or adorn (something) with objects fastened to its surface. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > ornament [verb (transitive)] > stud with ornaments
sticka1350
steekc1430
overdrivec1450
overset1451
stud1570
bestud1601
bestick1623
constellatea1691
c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 161 A garlond..Stekid al with lylye flourys newe.
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 509 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 315 Tho chambur dore stekes þo vssher thenne, With preket and tortes þat conne brenne.
†e. transitive. To impale (a thing) on (also upon) something pointed. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1503 Beuys of Southhamptowne (Pynson) sig. G.viv The dragons hede he smote of ryght. And stake it vpon his spere.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. xii. 40 Thairwith, gan hir seruandis behald Hir fallin and stekit on the irn cald.
†3.
a. intransitive. To remain fixed where placed; to adhere or cling to something; to remain attached or fastened by adhesion. Also of a person: to remain in a place. Obsolete (archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > be or become attached or affixed [verb (intransitive)] > remain attached
sticka1350
steekc1390
holdc1400
hang1639
stay1684
to keep on1892
c1390 (c1350) Proprium Sanctorum in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1888) 81 112 As heore schip (wolde) to-breke And neuer a pece wiþ oþur steke.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 2573 And as he heng & stak Vppon þe croys, þus to þe kyng he spak.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 34 (MED) All was blode and brayne that stake on his swerde and on hys shylde.
1566 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1875) III. 226 The saidis flescheouris..flay all thair scheipe in tyme cuming wp throw the haill craig to the luggis, sua that the lug steik with the skyn.
1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. i. viii. sig. E.ijv/2 Our Lord died..but hee taried not, nor yet stack faste amonge the dead.
1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 450 But when that he Gat hold of it [sc. a stone upon the floor], full fast it stack.
b. intransitive. To pierce and remain fixed in something; to be embedded or secured in something. Also with into. Obsolete (archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > become or make perforated [verb (intransitive)] > make (a) hole(s) > with something sharp > pierce and remain fixed
steeka1425
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > condition of being fast bound or firmly fixed > be made fast or fixed [verb (intransitive)] > be fastened or fixed > be fixed in by piercing
stickeOE
stickc1405
steeka1425
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 5602 Þe nayles þat in his hend and fete stak.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1904) I. l. 7241 This swerd to me is good tokenyng. For this same stak Jn the ston.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 683 (MED) Quat sterne is it at ȝe stody on? Quare stekis it in heuyn?
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. iii. sig. aiijv Theryn stack a fayre swerd naked by the poynt.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 52 His nayles stacke in to my lyuer and my mylte.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. f. ccliv/2 The spere brake, and the tronchion stacke styll in the squiers necke.
c1530 A. Barclay Egloges i. sig. Aiv In the syde of his felt, there stacke a spone of tre.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. v. 146 Þir dartis fast stekand in his targe.
c1550 Clariodus (1830) iv. 2065 Ane arrow stake into his schoulder deipe.
1867 W. Morris Life & Death of Jason iv. 75 Bleeding from arm and back, Wherein two huntsmen's arrows lightly stack.
c. intransitive. Of a thought, memory, etc.: to make a continued impression on a person by remaining in the mind; to lodge or remain fixed in a person's mind. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > remain in the mind [verb (intransitive)]
steekc1425
to ring in (or about) a person's ears1541
remaina1616
run1627
to stay with1942
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 2627 He gan compasse..To be venged of his woundis smerte Vp-on Troylus, þat stak ay in his mynde.
c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) l. 2088 Declaringe myn oppinion..As hyt stake ryght in my thought.
?c1500 Mary Magdalene (Digby) l. 1256 Thys Iesu..was put to dethe.., wheche mater stekytt In my thowth.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 127 Quhilk [answer] to him was the mair acceptable, that of a sinceir mynd it proceidet, and quhilk afor stak fast in his awne mynd.
4. intransitive. To be unable to progress; to be brought to a standstill; to become stuck; (of a boat) to become grounded. Also in figurative contexts in phrases such as to steek in the briers, to steek in the clay, etc.: †to be in difficulties or trouble (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > cease to move or become motionless > be arrested or intercepted in progress
steek?a1400
sticka1450
lodge1611
intercept1612
catch1620
clog1633
jam1706
rake1725
fasten1744
set1756
hitch1897
seize1917
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (intransitive)] > be hindered
steek?a1400
clog1633
stall1910
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 1449 So ere þo nykeres fast aboute to bring schipmen þer it es doute, to som suelhu, to turne or steke.
c1430 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1871) l. 509 Ffor in northumbyrlond the wawis hire caste And in þe se hire schip stekede [c1405 Hengwrt stiked] so faste.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) ii. xii. 27 Speke mycht I not, the voce in my hals swa stak.
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. C.iiij Thei..so corrupted the boke that the simple reder might ofte tymes be taryed & steek.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. ii. 136 This multitude of quhete discending throw tiber abaid and stak stil in þe schald wattir þareof.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique f. 117v An other speakes in his throte, as though a good Ale crumme stacke fast.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Hæreo They beyng accused of extortion and pillage were in muche trouble, or stacke in the bryars.
?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 358 His schip come never on the schalde, But stak still on the ancker halde.
1603 J. Davies Microcosmos Pref. 12 So, thoughts in them, so one another woo To be out first, and so the same doe seeke, That in the Portall of the minde they steeke.
c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) Ded. 2 Quhiles I stack in this claye, it pleased God to bring your Majestie hame to visit your aun Ida.
1629 A. Top Bk. Prayses (new ed.) ii. lxix. sig. Q2 The waters are come euen to my sovle, I steek fast in the deep mire, and ther is no Standing.
1655 A. Johnston Diary (1940) III. 53 My wryting this much stak with me least it rubb upon my absteaning from wryting fully on Foursday.
2016 W. Hershaw in Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 6 Jan. 23 History I digest slawly: Hou it steeks in ma thrapple!
5. transitive (chiefly in passive). To fill or stuff (something). Frequently in constructions with full, as to be steeked full of. Shetland in later use.With quot. 1836 compare stick v.1 9. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Shetland in 1971.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill
afilleOE
fillOE
fullOE
chargea1250
replenish?a1425
replete?a1425
steek?1440
upfillc1440
plenish1488
prime1513
accloy1581
supplya1616
adimplete1657
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) vi. l. 32 (MED) Se whether drie or weet, or playn or rowe Hit be, or ful of bosh or stones steke.
1836 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 590/1 Twa sukkalegs stikkit fu' o' whyte oo'.]
1914 Aberdeen Univ. Rev. June 271 Grumphin' a' his lane, Wi' neither bite nor sup to steek his chafts.
1927 Shetland Times 23 Apr. Wir sheeks steekid wi shocklats.
†6.
a. intransitive. With at: to hesitate or scruple at, to object to. Cf. to stick at —— 1a at stick v.1 Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)]
nillOE
loathea1200
to make it tough1297
forthinka1300
reckc1300
ruea1400
to make (it) strangec1405
to make strangenessc1407
stick1418
resistc1425
to make (it) strange?1456
steek1478
tarrowc1480
doubt1483
sunyie1488
to make (it) nice1530
stay1533
shentc1540
to make courtesy (at)1542
to make it scrupulous1548
to think (it) much1548
to make dainty of (anything)1555
to lie aback1560
stand1563
steek1573
to hang back1581
erch1584
to make doubt1586
to hang the groin1587
to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589
yearn1597
to hang the winga1601
to make squeamish1611
smay1632
bogglea1638
to hang off1641
waver1643
reluct1648
shy1650
reluctate1655
stickle1656
scruple1660
to make boggle1667
revere1689
begrudge1690
to have scruples1719
stopc1738
bitch1777
reprobate1779
crane1823
disincline1885
1478 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 613 I comond wyth my brodyr..of syche maters as ye wold haue amendyd in the bylle that he sent on-to yow, and he stake not gretly at it.
b. intransitive. With infinitive as complement. To be reluctant or unwilling to do something; to hesitate, to scruple. Cf. stick v.1 19a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)]
nillOE
loathea1200
to make it tough1297
forthinka1300
reckc1300
ruea1400
to make (it) strangec1405
to make strangenessc1407
stick1418
resistc1425
to make (it) strange?1456
steek1478
tarrowc1480
doubt1483
sunyie1488
to make (it) nice1530
stay1533
shentc1540
to make courtesy (at)1542
to make it scrupulous1548
to think (it) much1548
to make dainty of (anything)1555
to lie aback1560
stand1563
steek1573
to hang back1581
erch1584
to make doubt1586
to hang the groin1587
to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589
yearn1597
to hang the winga1601
to make squeamish1611
smay1632
bogglea1638
to hang off1641
waver1643
reluct1648
shy1650
reluctate1655
stickle1656
scruple1660
to make boggle1667
revere1689
begrudge1690
to have scruples1719
stopc1738
bitch1777
reprobate1779
crane1823
disincline1885
1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 2 As thei them selues have sinc not steekid to tel me.
1579 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 60 I will not steeke to bestowe so mutch in exhibition uppon the University.
†7. intransitive. To stop what one is doing; to cease. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] > cease what one is actually doing
steek1563
stop1597
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Nnnniiijv And this once pronounced, he stacke not styl at this poynt: but forthwith thervpon ioyned to these wordes. To hym be glory..for euer. Amen.

Phrasal verbs

PV1. With adverbs in specialized senses. to steek away
† transitive. To hide (something) away. Cf. to stick away 2 at stick v.1 Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)]
heeleOE
forhelec888
i-hedec888
dernc893
hidec897
wryOE
behelec1000
behidec1000
bewryc1000
forhidec1000
overheleOE
hilla1250
fealc1325
cover1340
forcover1382
blinda1400
hulsterc1400
overclosec1400
concealc1425
shroud1426
blend1430
close1430
shadow1436
obumber?1440
mufflea1450
alaynec1450
mew?c1450
purloin1461
to keep close?1471
oversilec1478
bewrap1481
supprime1490
occulta1500
silec1500
smoor1513
shadec1530
skleir1532
oppressa1538
hudder-mudder1544
pretex1548
lap?c1550
absconce1570
to steek away1575
couch1577
recondite1578
huddle1581
mew1581
enshrine1582
enshroud1582
mask1582
veil1582
abscondc1586
smotherc1592
blot1593
sheathe1594
immask1595
secret1595
bemist1598
palliate1598
hoodwinka1600
overmaska1600
hugger1600
obscure1600
upwrap1600
undisclose1601
disguise1605
screen1611
underfold1612
huke1613
eclipsea1616
encavea1616
ensconcea1616
obscurify1622
cloud1623
inmewa1625
beclouda1631
pretext1634
covert1647
sconce1652
tapisa1660
shun1661
sneak1701
overlay1719
secrete1741
blank1764
submerge1796
slur1813
wrap1817
buttress1820
stifle1820
disidentify1845
to stick away1900
1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle i. iv. sig. Aiiii For these and ill lucke to gather..Haue stacke away my deare neele, and robd me of my ioye.
PV2. With prepositions in specialized senses. to steek by ——
† intransitive. To be faithful or loyal to; to stay with; to refuse to abandon. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xix. f. cix The hye prestes and the scrybes..coulde nott fynde what to do. For all the people stacke by hym [Gk. ἐξεκρέματο]. And gave him audience.
1574 J. Marbeck Lyues Holy Sainctes 227 Mathathias, the sonne of Absalemus stacke by Ionathas, when all his men forsooke him and fled the fielde.
 to steek to ——
† intransitive. Of a person: to refuse to renounce or abandon (a decision, opinion, etc.); to abide by, to stick to. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > make obstinate or stubborn [verb (transitive)] > be obstinately attached to (an opinion, etc.)
wedc1397
to steek to ——1535
opiniatre1652
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. E.viii Here thou seist whother Tin[dale] is brought for so supersticyously steking to onely one significaccion of this worde Resurrectio.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark ii. f. 6–12 When they had seene so notable a miracle, they beleued yt Jesus was Messias, and stacke to his doctrine.
1793 C. Macklin Love a la Mode (authorized ed.) ii. 32 Ay, that's reeght, mon! steek to that, she wull be wi' yee in a twankling.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

steekv.3

Brit. /stiːk/, U.S. /stik/, Scottish English /stik/
Forms: English regional (Northumberland) 1800s steek; Scottish pre-1700 steik, pre-1700 stik, pre-1700 styk, 1700s– steek, 1900s– stick (Shetland). Also past participle (Scottish) pre-1700 steickit, pre-1700 steik, pre-1700 steikit, pre-1700 stekit, pre-1700 stickit, pre-1700 stikit, pre-1700 stikkit, pre-1700 stykkit.
Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or perhaps (ii) formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: stitch v.1; steek n.1
Etymology: Either (i) the reflex of an otherwise unattested northern variant of stitch v.1 (compare branch II. at that entry), or (ii) perhaps directly < steek n.1 (although this is first attested later). Compare steeked adj.1
Scottish and English regional (Northumberland).
1. transitive. To sew, to stitch; to embroider.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together
sewc725
stitch?c1225
preena1275
steek1502
to stitch up1590
baste1600
1502 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 198 For i pund cottoune to it [sc. ane doublat] to steik it with, iij s.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. v. 163 Ane purpour claith..Fetisly stekit with prynnit goldin thredis.
1540 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1907) VII. 389 To be ane doublate to the Kingis grace cuttit and stekit upoun caddes, thre elnis blak sating.
1552 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1913) X. 123 Item, v unce Paris silk to styk the samin [cloik].
1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione at Actilia Stuffed with caddes, and stiked verie thick with threid.
1602 Accts. Treasurer Scotl. f. 96v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Stek(e Sewin stane of mill nappis to stik the matt with.
1856 C. Neill Ellen of Ayr viii. 75 Here she pe sittin' leg-crossed, steeking her burstit pags for ta last twa hour.
1886 A. D. Willock Rosetty Ends (1887) 148 Wi' a stockin' needle an' a bit worsit he steekit it on the inside o' the collar.
a1917 E. C. Smith Braid Haaick (1927) 21 Wull ee steek this slittin oxter afore it geets ony woare?
2014 Arts & Bk. Rev. (Nexis) 3 May 24 Edges owerlapping like the fabric scraps I steek intae coverlets.
2. intransitive. To sew.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (intransitive)] > sew
sewc1450
to prick on a clout1584
stitch1697
needle1834
steek1865
1865 J. Hamilton Poems of Purpose 146 An' four bonnie lassies war needlin' an' steekin'.
1871 S. S. Jones Northumberland 20/2 Sae I gaed on, aye steek steekin.
1953 Forfar Dispatch 31 Dec. Fin we wizna sitten and knitten we sat and steekit awa at this.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

steekv.4

Brit. /stiːk/, U.S. /stik/
Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: steek n.3
Etymology: Probably < steek n.3 Compare steek v.3
Knitting.
1. transitive. To knit (an item, or part of an item) with a steek (steek n.3) in order to enable it to be worked in the round, rather than back and forth.
ΚΠ
1985 P. A. Gibson-Roberts Knitting in Old Way ​63 The work can then be divided into front and back and worked back and forth; or if a color stranded design is involved, the openings can be steeked, with the garment shaped on each side of the steek.
1988 Knitter's No. 12. 18/1 The sections can be steeked to continue in the round, but the handspun yarn is slick and working flat might be preferable.
2011 G. W. Steege Knitter's Life List 118/1 In addition to steeking the center front of a sweater, you can also steek the armholes and the neckline.
2. transitive. To cut and finish the steek of (a knitted item), typically so as to create the front opening of a cardigan, an armhole, etc. Also intransitive.
ΚΠ
2004 Re: Steeking today in rec.crafts.textiles.yarn 15 Aug. (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 13 Sept. 2019) I went away for three days while my project to be steeked sat resting. I did it when I got back and all went well.
2018 Times (Nexis) 10 June (Travel section) Four daily studio sessions will soon see you reading Fair Isle charts, steeking (cutting) your work and getting the perfect finish.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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