supernatantadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌsuːpəˈneɪt(ə)nt/,

/ˌsjuːpəˈneɪt(ə)nt/, U.S.

/ˌsupərˈneɪtnt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin supernatant-, supernatāns, supernatāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin supernatant-, supernatāns, present participle of supernatāre to swim over or above, to lie on the surface of a liquid, to float on top, (of liquids) to flow freely on top < super- super- prefix + natāre to swim (see natant adj.). Compare later supernatation n.

A. adj.

a. Chiefly Chemistry and Biology. Of a liquid: lying above a solid residue which has been separated out by crystallization, precipitation, centrifugation, or other process. Also: floating on the surface of a denser fluid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > action or process of floating > [adjective]

fleetingOE

superfluent?1440

floating1600

supernatant1607

innatant1657

waterborne1675

supernate1899

1607 H. Plat Certaine Philos. Prepar. Foode & Beverage Sea-men (single sheet) The juice of Limons..will keepe and last either simply of it selfe, or by the help of a sweete oliue oyle supernatant.

1669 R. Boyle Hist. Fluidity & Firmnesse ii, in Certain Physiol. Ess. (ed. 2) 244 Whilst the substance continu'd fluid, I could shake it,..with the supernatant Menstruum, without making between them any..lasting Union.

1782 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 329 The powdery parts are allowed to subside until the supernatant liquor becomes clear.

1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 217/2 Milk from which the supernatant fluid, or cream, has been removed is termed skim-milk.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 424 A grayish-white deposit of pus with a supernatant cloud of mucus.

1967 D. Margerison & G. C. East Introd. Polymer Chem. ii. 48 After decanting off the supernatant phase, the first fraction of polymer is recovered from the precipitated phase.

2006 P. Welsh in M. Cannon & M. Forster-van Hijfte Feline Med. v. 98/2 Gently remove most of the supernatant fluid with a pipette, leaving a few drops at the bottom.

b. figurative and in figurative contexts.

ΚΠ

1687 R. Franck Philos. Treat. Original & Production Things 161 Those supernatant Priviledges, granted them in the beginning from their Soveraign Donor.

1883 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 27 Mar. 2/1 Vice does admirable work in skimming away the supernatant scum, and in drawing off the dregs and settings.

1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality I. 351 Certain disintegrated elements in the primary supernatant consciousness.

1978 Victorian Poetry 16 137 He likes the supernatant poet very much as he stays up rocking in the storm.

2008 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 27 Jan. (Arts section) 62 Brewis' supernatant falsetto coils around a simple, start-stop electric guitar hook.

†2. Nautical. Designating the part of a ship which is above water when afloat. Cf. dead-work n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > part of vessel above water > [adjective]

supernatanta1687

a1687 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. i. i, in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions (1691) 124 Let the supernatant sides of a Ship so much tumble..as that the said sides may remain perpendicular when the Ship stoops.

1825 J. Fincham Introd. Outl. Pract. Ship-building (ed. 2) 3 The body of a ship..has two principal distinguishing parts, the one which is immersed, called the bottom or quick work; and the supernatant part, called the upper or dead work.

1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 154 Supernatant part of the ship, that part which, when afloat, is above the water; anciently expressed by the name of dead-work.

B. n.

Chiefly Biology. A supernatant fluid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > part of substance floating above surface

superfluid1851

supernatant1859

supernate1934

1859 Proc. Amer. Pharmaceut. Assoc. 8 347 The supernatant is milky and brownish white.

1922 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 19 Aug. 297/2 To this high refinement..Otto, Munter, and Winkler attribute the potency of their products as compared with supernatants obtained by the centrifuge only.

1977 Proc. Royal Soc. Med. 70 192/2 The supernatants were decanted into plastic counting vials and mixed with 10ml Instagel.

2002 Carcinogenesis 23 2120/1 After incubation on ice in a shaker for 15 min the soluble supernatant was recovered by centrifugation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	supernatant
释义	supernatantadj.n. Brit. /ˌsuːpəˈneɪt(ə)nt/, /ˌsjuːpəˈneɪt(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˌsupərˈneɪtnt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin supernatant-, supernatāns, supernatāre. Etymology: < classical Latin supernatant-, supernatāns, present participle of supernatāre to swim over or above, to lie on the surface of a liquid, to float on top, (of liquids) to flow freely on top < super- super- prefix + natāre to swim (see natant adj.). Compare later supernatation n. A. adj. 1. a. Chiefly Chemistry and Biology. Of a liquid: lying above a solid residue which has been separated out by crystallization, precipitation, centrifugation, or other process. Also: floating on the surface of a denser fluid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > action or process of floating > [adjective] fleetingOE superfluent?1440 floating1600 supernatant1607 innatant1657 waterborne1675 supernate1899 1607 H. Plat Certaine Philos. Prepar. Foode & Beverage Sea-men (single sheet) The juice of Limons..will keepe and last either simply of it selfe, or by the help of a sweete oliue oyle supernatant. 1669 R. Boyle Hist. Fluidity & Firmnesse ii, in Certain Physiol. Ess. (ed. 2) 244 Whilst the substance continu'd fluid, I could shake it,..with the supernatant Menstruum, without making between them any..lasting Union. 1782 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 329 The powdery parts are allowed to subside until the supernatant liquor becomes clear. 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 217/2 Milk from which the supernatant fluid, or cream, has been removed is termed skim-milk. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 424 A grayish-white deposit of pus with a supernatant cloud of mucus. 1967 D. Margerison & G. C. East Introd. Polymer Chem. ii. 48 After decanting off the supernatant phase, the first fraction of polymer is recovered from the precipitated phase. 2006 P. Welsh in M. Cannon & M. Forster-van Hijfte Feline Med. v. 98/2 Gently remove most of the supernatant fluid with a pipette, leaving a few drops at the bottom. b. figurative and in figurative contexts. ΚΠ 1687 R. Franck Philos. Treat. Original & Production Things 161 Those supernatant Priviledges, granted them in the beginning from their Soveraign Donor. 1883 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 27 Mar. 2/1 Vice does admirable work in skimming away the supernatant scum, and in drawing off the dregs and settings. 1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality I. 351 Certain disintegrated elements in the primary supernatant consciousness. 1978 Victorian Poetry 16 137 He likes the supernatant poet very much as he stays up rocking in the storm. 2008 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 27 Jan. (Arts section) 62 Brewis' supernatant falsetto coils around a simple, start-stop electric guitar hook. †2. Nautical. Designating the part of a ship which is above water when afloat. Cf. dead-work n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > part of vessel above water > [adjective] supernatanta1687 a1687 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. i. i, in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions (1691) 124 Let the supernatant sides of a Ship so much tumble..as that the said sides may remain perpendicular when the Ship stoops. 1825 J. Fincham Introd. Outl. Pract. Ship-building (ed. 2) 3 The body of a ship..has two principal distinguishing parts, the one which is immersed, called the bottom or quick work; and the supernatant part, called the upper or dead work. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 154 Supernatant part of the ship, that part which, when afloat, is above the water; anciently expressed by the name of dead-work. B. n. Chiefly Biology. A supernatant fluid. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > part of substance floating above surface superfluid1851 supernatant1859 supernate1934 1859 Proc. Amer. Pharmaceut. Assoc. 8 347 The supernatant is milky and brownish white. 1922 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 19 Aug. 297/2 To this high refinement..Otto, Munter, and Winkler attribute the potency of their products as compared with supernatants obtained by the centrifuge only. 1977 Proc. Royal Soc. Med. 70 192/2 The supernatants were decanted into plastic counting vials and mixed with 10ml Instagel. 2002 Carcinogenesis 23 2120/1 After incubation on ice in a shaker for 15 min the soluble supernatant was recovered by centrifugation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1607
随便看	to claw back to claw by the back to claw by the sleeve to claw down to claw favour to claw it off to claw lay up a person's mittens to claw off to claw one's toes to claw the back of to claw the ears to claw the humour to claw the skin coat of to claw the wind to claw toe to claw up a person's mittens to claw up his mittens to claw where it doth not itch to claw, rub, hit on the gall to clean and jerk to clean and press to clean away, off to clean clock to clean down to clean house