-idesuffix

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element.

Forms:

α. 1700s– -ide.

β. 1700s– -id.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French -ide.

Etymology: < French -ide (in †oxide , oxyde oxide n. (1787)), after -ide in acide acid n. (in which it represents classical Latin -idus -id suffix¹). Compare German -id (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent., e.g. in Murexid murexide n.).Recorded earliest in the late 18th cent. in the French loan oxide n.; other loans or adaptations of French words are e.g. muride n., phosphide n. Formations within English are found from the early 19th cent., e.g. in chloride n. and cyanide n., subsequently in mercaptide n., ozonide n. (both first half of 19th cent.), etc. In its original use to form names of simple compounds of a chemical element, the suffix superseded -uret suffix; in French, on the other hand, the suffix -ide has been largely superseded by -ure (for which see discussion at -uret suffix) in names of simple compounds of an element with another element or a radical, so that, for example, chlorure , iodure , nitrure (all early 19th cent.) are now preferred to chloride , iodide , nitride . With the β. forms, compare the note at oxide n.; in later use, such forms may partly reflect German -id (compare e.g. German Proteid proteid n.¹, Sulphid , (now usually) Sulfid sulphide n., and also Oxid oxide n., though the latter was usually spelt Oxyd before the second half of the 20th cent.). It is uncertain whether German Lanthanid lanthanide n. shows the equivalent suffix; likewise actinide n., which was formed on the model of lanthanide n.

Chemistry.

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Originally, added to the stem of the name of an element to form names of simple compounds of that element with another element or a radical, as oxide, chloride, nitride, phosphide, sulphide (and thence in more complex formations, as hydroxide, oxychloride, and with numerical prefixes, as dioxide, trisulphide, tetrachloride). Later, added to stems representing compounds or groups to form names of simple derivatives, as acetylide, anilide, cyanide, and spec. in names of glycosides formed from sugars, as furanoside, galactoside. Also used more widely (esp. in organic chemistry) in generic names of various types of compound, as amide, anhydride, imide, peptide, proteid, saccharide.With binary compounds, following the model of oxide, the suffix -ide is conventionally attached to the (contracted) name of the more electronegative of the two elements: thus a compound of nitrogen and oxygen is called a nitrogen oxide rather than an oxygen nitride, whereas a compound of fluorine and oxygen is called an oxygen fluoride rather than a fluorine oxide. So, following the electronegativity criterion, we have chlorine oxide but sodium chloride, carbon disulphide but tungsten carbide, hydrogen bromide but nickel hydride.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	-ide
释义	-idesuffix Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element. Forms: α. 1700s– -ide. β. 1700s– -id. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French -ide. Etymology: < French -ide (in †oxide , oxyde oxide n. (1787)), after -ide in acide acid n. (in which it represents classical Latin -idus -id suffix¹). Compare German -id (formations in which are found from at least the first half of the 19th cent., e.g. in Murexid murexide n.).Recorded earliest in the late 18th cent. in the French loan oxide n.; other loans or adaptations of French words are e.g. muride n., phosphide n. Formations within English are found from the early 19th cent., e.g. in chloride n. and cyanide n., subsequently in mercaptide n., ozonide n. (both first half of 19th cent.), etc. In its original use to form names of simple compounds of a chemical element, the suffix superseded -uret suffix; in French, on the other hand, the suffix -ide has been largely superseded by -ure (for which see discussion at -uret suffix) in names of simple compounds of an element with another element or a radical, so that, for example, chlorure , iodure , nitrure (all early 19th cent.) are now preferred to chloride , iodide , nitride . With the β. forms, compare the note at oxide n.; in later use, such forms may partly reflect German -id (compare e.g. German Proteid proteid n.¹, Sulphid , (now usually) Sulfid sulphide n., and also Oxid oxide n., though the latter was usually spelt Oxyd before the second half of the 20th cent.). It is uncertain whether German Lanthanid lanthanide n. shows the equivalent suffix; likewise actinide n., which was formed on the model of lanthanide n. Chemistry. Categories » Originally, added to the stem of the name of an element to form names of simple compounds of that element with another element or a radical, as oxide, chloride, nitride, phosphide, sulphide (and thence in more complex formations, as hydroxide, oxychloride, and with numerical prefixes, as dioxide, trisulphide, tetrachloride). Later, added to stems representing compounds or groups to form names of simple derivatives, as acetylide, anilide, cyanide, and spec. in names of glycosides formed from sugars, as furanoside, galactoside. Also used more widely (esp. in organic chemistry) in generic names of various types of compound, as amide, anhydride, imide, peptide, proteid, saccharide.With binary compounds, following the model of oxide, the suffix -ide is conventionally attached to the (contracted) name of the more electronegative of the two elements: thus a compound of nitrogen and oxygen is called a nitrogen oxide rather than an oxygen nitride, whereas a compound of fluorine and oxygen is called an oxygen fluoride rather than a fluorine oxide. So, following the electronegativity criterion, we have chlorine oxide but sodium chloride, carbon disulphide but tungsten carbide, hydrogen bromide but nickel hydride. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < suffix
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