vortexn.

Brit.

/ˈvɔːtɛks/, U.S.

/ˈvɔrˌtɛks/

Forms: Plural vortices /ˈvɔːtɪsiːz/.

Etymology: < Latin vortex (variant of vertex vertex n.) an eddy of water, wind, or flame, a whirlpool, whirlwind, < vortĕre, vertĕre to turn. Compare French vortex (Anat.), Portuguese vortices plural, Italian vortice.

a. In older theories of the universe (esp. that of Descartes), a supposed rotatory movement of cosmic matter round a centre or axis, regarded as accounting for the origin or phenomena of the terrestrial and other systems; a body of such matter rapidly carried round in a continuous whirl.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > diffused matter > [noun] > vortex matter

vortex1653

vortex-matter1734

1653 H. More Def. Philos. Cabbala (1713) App. i. 113 That there are infinite numbers of Atoms or Particles, different in magnitude and figure;..and that they are moved in the Vniverse after the manner of vortices.

1662 J. Glanvill Lux Orientalis xiv. 179 That great orb of fire..shall fly away out of this vortex, and become a wandring comet.

1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense 69 in Scepsis Scientifica The Cartesian vortices will serve to account for the Phænomena, and teach a way of Theory not unserviceable to experiment.

1698 J. Keill Exam. Theory Earth (1734) 283 It is no hard matter to prove, that the Vortices can never be the cause of the Cœlestial motions.

1710 M. Henry Expos. Poet. Bks. Old Test. (Eccles. i. 14) sig. Qqq3v/1 He saw..all within this Vortex (to use the Modern Gibberish) which has the Sun for it's Centre.

1785 W. Herschel Sci. Papers (1912) I. 223 These will vanish like the Cartesian vortices, that soon gave way when better theories were offered.

1833 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 29 June Descartes' vortices were not an hypothesis: they rested on no facts at all.

1869 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. European Morals I. 389 The false theory of the vortices or the true theory of gravitation.

(a) In figurative context or use.

ΚΠ

1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 261 Death, like a Star of superior Influence, drew him [sc. Descartes] into his own Vortex.

a1721 M. Prior Ess. & Dialogues of Dead: Lock & Montaigne in Dialogues of Dead & Other Wks. (1907) 246 Those very Ideas changing, Lock may be led into a new Labyrinth, or sucked into another Vortex; and may write a Second Book in order to Disprove the first.

1790 C. M. Graham Lett. Educ. 401 Our benevolence extends at last to the whole race of mankind, like so many different vortices; the center of them all is self love.

1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 140 I was a sharer in the general vortex, though my little world described the path of its revolution in an orbit of its own.

1855 G. Brimley Ess. (1858) iii. 197 That mighty ocean of intermingling, interacting vortices [sc. Time].

1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such xvii. 304 The spiral vortices fundamentally concerned in the production of epic poems.

(b) spec. (with capital initial) a group of artists practising vorticism (see vorticism n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [noun] > vorticism > artist or group

vortex1913

vorticist1914

1913 E. Pound Let. 19 Dec. (1950) I. 28 You may get something that you would miss in The Vortex.

1914 Blast 20 June 8 Do you think Lloyd George has the Vortex in him?

1969 Listener 30 Jan. 138/1 The so-called Great English Vortex, i.e. the group of painters, sculptors and writers who..formed and represented the Vorticist movement.

c. In modern scientific use: A rapid movement of particles of matter round an axis; a whirl of atoms, fluid, or vapour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > movement round axis

vortex1847

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > vortex

vortex1847

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > [noun] > swirling or eddying > a vortical motion > a vortex

vortice1661

tourbillion1712

vortex1847

1847 R. W. Emerson Swedenborg in Wks. (1906) I. 316 Descartes, taught by Gilbert's magnet, with its Vortex, spiral, and polarity.

1862 J. C. Maxwell Sci. Papers (1890) I. 489 The theory of molecular vortices applied to statical electricity.

1872 R. A. Proctor Ess. Astron. xix. 230 Friction between vortices of meteoric vapours and the Sun's atmosphere must be the immediate cause of solar heat.

1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 184 If there is not vortical motion throughout the whole area, but only local vortices, this integral will reduce to a simple sum of terms equal in number to the number of vortices.

2. An eddying or whirling mass of fire or flame.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [noun] > flame or blaze > a wave or wreath of flame

folding1552

vortex1652

1652 J. Hall tr. Longinus Περι Ὑψους 65 The Pits and vortices of the Ætna, whose eructations throw whole stones from its depths.

1854 T. De Quincey On Murder (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay IV. 62 Men, of course, read in this hurrying overhead of scintillating and blazing vortices, the annunciation of some gigantic calamity going on in Liverpool.

1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius iii. 67 It continued to vomit forth from five different openings vortices of flame.

a. A whirl or swirling mass of water; a strong eddy or whirlpool.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > whirlpool > [noun]

swallowa700

weelc897

suckc1220

swallowinga1387

swelthc1400

swirlc1425

gorce1480

vorage1490

whirlpool1530

gourd1538

gulf1538

poolc1540

hurlpool1552

whirlpit1564

sea-gulf1571

maelstrom1588

vorago1654

well1654

gurges1664

gurge1667

swelchiea1688

vortex1704

tourbillion1712

whirly-pool1727

wheel-pit1828

sea-puss1839

turn-hole1851

suck-hole1909

1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans vii. 77 In this place is much Danger without a fresh Gale of Wind, because it is a kind of Vortex, the Water running whirling round, and is apt to swallow down a Ship.

1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. ix. 60 [A coach] splashing and plunging..with such a vortex of mud and water moving along with it, round its axis.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 268 The noise of this dreadful vortex still farther contributes to encrease its terror.

1816 J. K. Tuckey Narr. Exped. River Zaire (1818) iv. 143 In crossing the river we passed through several whirlpools... These vortices are formed in an instant..and subside as quickly.

1839 T. Beale Nat. Hist. Sperm Whale 181 Leaving nothing but a white-and-green looking vortex in the disturbed blue ocean.

1864 J. C. Geikie George Stanley xxiii. 369 The poor wretch was kept revolving, with each end of his support sunk in the vortex by turns.

b. Applied to a waterspout.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > [noun] > water-spout or sea-storm

water pipe1539

cataract1555

spout1555

hurricano1608

waterspout1625

whirlwater1626

whirl-spout1737

vortex1769

typhon1774

whirl-pillar1850

1769 W. Falconer Shipwreck (ed. 3) ii. 37 Still round and round the fluid vortex flies, Scattering dun night and horror thro' the skies.

c. elliptical. A vortex waterwheel (see vortex wheel n. at Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > vortex

vortex1853

vortex wheel1853

vortex turbine1877

1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) II. 914 The vortex admits of several modes of construction.

1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) II. 915 A low pressure vortex constructed for another mill near Belfast.

a. A violent eddy or whirl of the air; a whirlwind or cyclone, or the central portion of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > strong or violent wind > whirlwind or tornado

thodec725

storbilonc1315

whirlwinda1340

whirl-puffa1382

whirly-wind14..

rodion?a1439

tourbillion1477

trobelliona1500

hurlwind1509

typhon1555

whirler1606

travado1625

tornado1626

wild winda1661

turbo1677

vortexa1700

tornade1727

twirlwind1770

whirl-blast1800

coup de vent1831

twirlblast1865

twister1897

a1700 T. Ken Edmund in Wks. (1721) II. 24 Now the North Wind the crazy Vessel sweeps, And in its rapid Vortex pris'ner keeps.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Vortex, Whirlwind, in Meteorology, a sudden, rapid, violent Motion of the Air, in Gyres or Circles.

1838 Redfield in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 33 59 A direct circuit of rotation in the form of a vortex or active whirlwind.

1845 A. Thom Nat. Storms 48 The Margaret, on the opposite side of the vortex, still had the ‘hurricane strong’ from S.W. by W. with a heavy sea.

1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xix. 439 The vortex of a cyclone is often and aptly compared to a meteor.

1870 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. vi. 198 We seemed crossing the vortex of a storm.

in extended use.1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. ii. iii. 153 The vortex of this night Hath whirled him hither to thy sight.

b. In figurative context or use.

ΚΠ

1788 F. Burney Diary 13 Feb. (1842) IV. 96 The whirlwind of his eloquence nearly drew me into its vortex.

1854 R. W. Emerson Poetry & Imag. in Wks. (1906) III. 160 In their rhythm is no manufacture, but a vortex, or musical tornado.

1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics I. 145 Bernard..began life by drawing after him into the convent all his kindred..with the irresistible vortex of his own religious fervour.

5. figurative.

a. A state or condition of human affairs or interests comparable to a whirl or eddy by reason of rush or excitement, rapid change, or absorbing effect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun]

winOE

torpelness?c1225

disturbance1297

workc1325

disturblingc1330

farec1330

frapec1330

disturbing1340

troublingc1340

blunderc1375

unresta1382

hurling1387

perturbationc1400

turbationc1400

rumblec1405

roara1413

rumourc1425

sturblance1435

troublec1435

stroublance1439

hurlc1440

hurly-burlyc1440

ruffling1440

stourc1440

rumblingc1450

sturbancec1450

unquietness?c1450

conturbationc1470

ruption1483

stir1487

wanrufe?a1505

rangat?a1513

business1514

turmoil1526

blommera1529

blunderinga1529

disturbation1529

bruyllie1535

garboil1543

bruslery1546

agitation1547

frayment1549

turmoiling1550

whirl1552

confusion1555

troublesomeness1561

rule1567

rummage1575

rabble1579

tumult1580

hurlement1585

rabblement1590

disturb1595

welter1596

coil1599

hurly1600

hurry1600

commotion1616

remotion1622

obturbation1623

stirrance1623

tumultuation1631

commoving1647

roiling1647

spudder1650

suffle1650

dissettlement1654

perturbancy1654

fermentationa1661

dissettledness1664

ferment1672

roil1690

hurry-scurry1753

vortex1761

rumpus1768

widdle1789

gilravagea1796

potheration1797

moil1824

festerment1833

burly1835

fidge1886

static1923

comess1944

frammis1946

bassa-bassa1956

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lv. 273 The distant parts of the kingdom, being removed from that furious vortex of new principles and opinions which had transported the capital.

1793 E. Burke Observ. Conduct Minority in Two Lett. Conduct Domestick Parties (1797) 5 No man..may be justly suspected of secretly abetting, this French Revolution, who must not be drawn into its vortex.

1804 ‘Ignotus’ Culina 203 Lecturers, who delight in being continually whirled round in the vortex of new theories.

1838 W. Irving in Life & Lett. (1866) III. 124 I value my peace of mind too highly to suffer myself to be drawn into the vortex of New York politics.

1860 J. S. Mill Consider. Represent. Govt. (1865) 137/1 The appointments are kept out of the vortex of party and parliamentary jobbing.

1883 S. Waddington A. H. Clough 83 The vortex of religious excitement and discussion kept him idly moving in its ceaseless gyrations.

b. A constant round of excitement or pleasure.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > [noun] > social excitement > constant

vortex1792

1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women II. vii. 6 That whirl of dissipation, which, like some mighty vortex, has swallowed up in a manner all conditions and characters.]

1792 A. Young in Mme. D'Arblay's Lett. (1842) V. 329 A person who is constantly moving in a vortex of pleasure, brilliancy, and wit.

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 81 I feel, that I cannot be at ease in the vortex of dissipation.

1877 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Mignon I. 191 She and her husband lived in a vortex of gaiety.

c. A situation into which persons or things are steadily drawn, or from which they cannot escape. (Chiefly after sense 3.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > difficult state of things > predicament or straits > from which it is difficult to be extricated

pounda1500

quavemire1530

fang1535

quamire1555

pit1577

quagmire1577

bog1614

hobble1775

vortex1779

quag1842

1779 J. Moore View Society & Manners France I. i. 8 I thought it most prudent to remove.., that no chance might remain of my being..whirled round again in the vortex of dissipation and gaming.

1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 189 Let him hurl me anon, into Tartarus,..With Necessity's vortices strangling me down.

1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. x. 153 I looked with horror on the gulf of penury before me, into the vortex of which not only I, but my whole trade, seemed irresistibly sucked.

a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. v. 356 Generation after generation passes away, successively absorbed in one mighty vortex.

†6. A design or figure representing or suggesting vortical movement. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [noun] > design or figure

vortex1665

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia Table sig. Ll^v The Figures of Hoar Frost, and the Vortices on windows.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, chiefly in terms of physical science.

vortex-atom n.

ΚΠ

1867 Sir W. Thomson in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 34 15 (heading) On Vortex Atoms.

1876 P. G. Tait Lect. Recent Adv. in Physical Sci. i. 24 Sir W. Thomson's splendid suggestion of Vortex-atoms..will enable us thoroughly to understand matter.

vortex-filament n.

ΚΠ

1867 P. G. Tait tr. Helmholtz in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 33 486 By vortex-filaments..I denote portions of the fluid bounded by vortex-lines drawn through every point of the boundary of an infinitely small closed curve.

1878 W. K. Clifford Elem. Dynamic iii. 203 The part of the body inside the tube is called a vortex-filament.

vortex-line n.

ΚΠ

1867 P. G. Tait tr. Helmholtz in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 33 486 By vortex-lines..I denote lines drawn through the fluid so as at every point to coincide with the instantaneous axis of rotation of the corresponding fluid element.

1878 W. K. Clifford Elem. Dynamic iii. 200 A curve such that its tangent at every point is in the direction of the spin at that point is called a vortex-line.

vortex-matter n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > diffused matter > [noun] > vortex matter

vortex1653

vortex-matter1734

1734 tr. P. L. M. de Maupertuis Diss. Cœlestial Bodies 21 in J. Keill Exam. Burnet's Theory of Earth (ed. 2) As each Planet describes equal Area's in equal Times, it follows that the Beds of the Vortex Matter have their Velocities in a reciprocal Proportion to their distances from the Center.

vortex-motion n.

ΚΠ

1867 P. G. Tait tr. Helmholtz in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 33 491 We may..call the motions which have no velocity-potential, generally, vortex-motions.

1876 P. G. Tait Lect. Recent Adv. in Physical Sci. xii. 290 The peculiar properties of vortex-motion were mathematically deduced..by Helmholtz.

vortex-ring n.

ΚΠ

1867 P. G. Tait tr. Helmholtz in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 33 510 These vortex-rings travel on,..and are widened or contracted by other vortex-rings.

1878 W. K. Clifford Elem. Dynamic iii. 205 Suppose that in a mass of fluid there is a single vortex ring of any form (i.e. a vortex-filament returning into itself).

C2.

vortex shedding n. the periodic detachment of vortices from an object in a fluid flow, causing a varying force to be experienced by the object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > vortex > detachment of vortices

vortex shedding1953

1953 A. Roshko Devel. Turbulent Wakes from Vortex Streets (U.S. Nat. Advisory Comm. Aeronaut. TN 2913) 45 There is yet no adequate theory of the periodic vortex shedding and it is not clear what is the principal mechanism which determines the frequency.

1975 Offshore Engineer Dec. 42/1 Vortex shedding can impose periodic forces on a pipeline.

1982 New Scientist 27 May 566/1 Vortex shedding is quite harmless until it begins to interfere with the safety or the function of man-made structures.

vortex sheet n. a region of vortices that is created at the interface of two masses of fluid having different velocities along the interface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > vortex > arrangement or region of vortices

vortex sheet1879

street1926

Kármán street of vortices1928

cloud street1954

1879 H. Lamb Treat. Math. Theory Motion Fluids vi. 154 Let us suppose we have a series of vortex-filaments arranged in a thin film over a surface... The infinitely thin film is then called a ‘vortex-sheet’.

1926 H. Glauert Elem. Aerofoil & Airscrew Theory viii. 100 When two parallel layers of fluid are moving in the same direction with different velocities, the surface of separation is a vortex sheet.

1983 Jrnl. Fluids Engin. 105 53 Nascent vortex strength and position are determined from the Kutta condition so that the nascent vortex has the same strength as a vortex sheet of uniform strength.

vortex street n. see street n. 4c.

vortex turbine n. a turbine in which the water enters tangentially at the circumference and is discharged at the centre.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > vortex

vortex1853

vortex wheel1853

vortex turbine1877

1877 Iron 27 Oct. 516 The turbine manufactured by them is termed the ‘Vortex’.

1884 Athenæum 16 Aug. 212/1 A description of the vortex turbine or inward-flow water-wheel.

vortex wheel n. (also vortex water-wheel) = vortex turbine n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > vortex

vortex1853

vortex wheel1853

vortex turbine1877

1853 J. Glynn Treat. Power Water 146 Several machines derive their power from the reaction of water-pressure: such as Dr. Barker's mill,..the Vortex-wheel, and others.

1860 R. Hunt Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 5) III. 928 The name of Vortex Wheel has been given to a modification of the turbine by Mr. James Thomson of Belfast.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	vortex
释义	vortexn. Brit. /ˈvɔːtɛks/, U.S. /ˈvɔrˌtɛks/ Forms: Plural vortices /ˈvɔːtɪsiːz/. Etymology: < Latin vortex (variant of vertex vertex n.) an eddy of water, wind, or flame, a whirlpool, whirlwind, < vortĕre, vertĕre to turn. Compare French vortex (Anat.), Portuguese vortices plural, Italian vortice. 1. a. In older theories of the universe (esp. that of Descartes), a supposed rotatory movement of cosmic matter round a centre or axis, regarded as accounting for the origin or phenomena of the terrestrial and other systems; a body of such matter rapidly carried round in a continuous whirl. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > diffused matter > [noun] > vortex matter vortex1653 vortex-matter1734 1653 H. More Def. Philos. Cabbala (1713) App. i. 113 That there are infinite numbers of Atoms or Particles, different in magnitude and figure;..and that they are moved in the Vniverse after the manner of vortices. 1662 J. Glanvill Lux Orientalis xiv. 179 That great orb of fire..shall fly away out of this vortex, and become a wandring comet. 1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense 69 in Scepsis Scientifica The Cartesian vortices will serve to account for the Phænomena, and teach a way of Theory not unserviceable to experiment. 1698 J. Keill Exam. Theory Earth (1734) 283 It is no hard matter to prove, that the Vortices can never be the cause of the Cœlestial motions. 1710 M. Henry Expos. Poet. Bks. Old Test. (Eccles. i. 14) sig. Qqq3v/1 He saw..all within this Vortex (to use the Modern Gibberish) which has the Sun for it's Centre. 1785 W. Herschel Sci. Papers (1912) I. 223 These will vanish like the Cartesian vortices, that soon gave way when better theories were offered. 1833 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 29 June Descartes' vortices were not an hypothesis: they rested on no facts at all. 1869 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. European Morals I. 389 The false theory of the vortices or the true theory of gravitation. b. (a) In figurative context or use. ΚΠ 1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 261 Death, like a Star of superior Influence, drew him [sc. Descartes] into his own Vortex. a1721 M. Prior Ess. & Dialogues of Dead: Lock & Montaigne in Dialogues of Dead & Other Wks. (1907) 246 Those very Ideas changing, Lock may be led into a new Labyrinth, or sucked into another Vortex; and may write a Second Book in order to Disprove the first. 1790 C. M. Graham Lett. Educ. 401 Our benevolence extends at last to the whole race of mankind, like so many different vortices; the center of them all is self love. 1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 140 I was a sharer in the general vortex, though my little world described the path of its revolution in an orbit of its own. 1855 G. Brimley Ess. (1858) iii. 197 That mighty ocean of intermingling, interacting vortices [sc. Time]. 1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such xvii. 304 The spiral vortices fundamentally concerned in the production of epic poems. (b) spec. (with capital initial) a group of artists practising vorticism (see vorticism n.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [noun] > vorticism > artist or group vortex1913 vorticist1914 1913 E. Pound Let. 19 Dec. (1950) I. 28 You may get something that you would miss in The Vortex. 1914 Blast 20 June 8 Do you think Lloyd George has the Vortex in him? 1969 Listener 30 Jan. 138/1 The so-called Great English Vortex, i.e. the group of painters, sculptors and writers who..formed and represented the Vorticist movement. c. In modern scientific use: A rapid movement of particles of matter round an axis; a whirl of atoms, fluid, or vapour. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > movement round axis vortex1847 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > vortex vortex1847 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > [noun] > swirling or eddying > a vortical motion > a vortex vortice1661 tourbillion1712 vortex1847 1847 R. W. Emerson Swedenborg in Wks. (1906) I. 316 Descartes, taught by Gilbert's magnet, with its Vortex, spiral, and polarity. 1862 J. C. Maxwell Sci. Papers (1890) I. 489 The theory of molecular vortices applied to statical electricity. 1872 R. A. Proctor Ess. Astron. xix. 230 Friction between vortices of meteoric vapours and the Sun's atmosphere must be the immediate cause of solar heat. 1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 184 If there is not vortical motion throughout the whole area, but only local vortices, this integral will reduce to a simple sum of terms equal in number to the number of vortices. 2. An eddying or whirling mass of fire or flame. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [noun] > flame or blaze > a wave or wreath of flame folding1552 vortex1652 1652 J. Hall tr. Longinus Περι Ὑψους 65 The Pits and vortices of the Ætna, whose eructations throw whole stones from its depths. 1854 T. De Quincey On Murder (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay IV. 62 Men, of course, read in this hurrying overhead of scintillating and blazing vortices, the annunciation of some gigantic calamity going on in Liverpool. 1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius iii. 67 It continued to vomit forth from five different openings vortices of flame. 3. a. A whirl or swirling mass of water; a strong eddy or whirlpool. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > whirlpool > [noun] swallowa700 weelc897 suckc1220 swallowinga1387 swelthc1400 swirlc1425 gorce1480 vorage1490 whirlpool1530 gourd1538 gulf1538 poolc1540 hurlpool1552 whirlpit1564 sea-gulf1571 maelstrom1588 vorago1654 well1654 gurges1664 gurge1667 swelchiea1688 vortex1704 tourbillion1712 whirly-pool1727 wheel-pit1828 sea-puss1839 turn-hole1851 suck-hole1909 1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans vii. 77 In this place is much Danger without a fresh Gale of Wind, because it is a kind of Vortex, the Water running whirling round, and is apt to swallow down a Ship. 1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. ix. 60 [A coach] splashing and plunging..with such a vortex of mud and water moving along with it, round its axis. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 268 The noise of this dreadful vortex still farther contributes to encrease its terror. 1816 J. K. Tuckey Narr. Exped. River Zaire (1818) iv. 143 In crossing the river we passed through several whirlpools... These vortices are formed in an instant..and subside as quickly. 1839 T. Beale Nat. Hist. Sperm Whale 181 Leaving nothing but a white-and-green looking vortex in the disturbed blue ocean. 1864 J. C. Geikie George Stanley xxiii. 369 The poor wretch was kept revolving, with each end of his support sunk in the vortex by turns. b. Applied to a waterspout. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > [noun] > water-spout or sea-storm water pipe1539 cataract1555 spout1555 hurricano1608 waterspout1625 whirlwater1626 whirl-spout1737 vortex1769 typhon1774 whirl-pillar1850 1769 W. Falconer Shipwreck (ed. 3) ii. 37 Still round and round the fluid vortex flies, Scattering dun night and horror thro' the skies. c. elliptical. A vortex waterwheel (see vortex wheel n. at Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > vortex vortex1853 vortex wheel1853 vortex turbine1877 1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) II. 914 The vortex admits of several modes of construction. 1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) II. 915 A low pressure vortex constructed for another mill near Belfast. 4. a. A violent eddy or whirl of the air; a whirlwind or cyclone, or the central portion of this. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > strong or violent wind > whirlwind or tornado thodec725 storbilonc1315 whirlwinda1340 whirl-puffa1382 whirly-wind14.. rodion?a1439 tourbillion1477 trobelliona1500 hurlwind1509 typhon1555 whirler1606 travado1625 tornado1626 wild winda1661 turbo1677 vortexa1700 tornade1727 twirlwind1770 whirl-blast1800 coup de vent1831 twirlblast1865 twister1897 a1700 T. Ken Edmund in Wks. (1721) II. 24 Now the North Wind the crazy Vessel sweeps, And in its rapid Vortex pris'ner keeps. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Vortex, Whirlwind, in Meteorology, a sudden, rapid, violent Motion of the Air, in Gyres or Circles. 1838 Redfield in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 33 59 A direct circuit of rotation in the form of a vortex or active whirlwind. 1845 A. Thom Nat. Storms 48 The Margaret, on the opposite side of the vortex, still had the ‘hurricane strong’ from S.W. by W. with a heavy sea. 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xix. 439 The vortex of a cyclone is often and aptly compared to a meteor. 1870 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. vi. 198 We seemed crossing the vortex of a storm. in extended use.1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. ii. iii. 153 The vortex of this night Hath whirled him hither to thy sight. b. In figurative context or use. ΚΠ 1788 F. Burney Diary 13 Feb. (1842) IV. 96 The whirlwind of his eloquence nearly drew me into its vortex. 1854 R. W. Emerson Poetry & Imag. in Wks. (1906) III. 160 In their rhythm is no manufacture, but a vortex, or musical tornado. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics I. 145 Bernard..began life by drawing after him into the convent all his kindred..with the irresistible vortex of his own religious fervour. 5. figurative. a. A state or condition of human affairs or interests comparable to a whirl or eddy by reason of rush or excitement, rapid change, or absorbing effect. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] winOE torpelness?c1225 disturbance1297 workc1325 disturblingc1330 farec1330 frapec1330 disturbing1340 troublingc1340 blunderc1375 unresta1382 hurling1387 perturbationc1400 turbationc1400 rumblec1405 roara1413 rumourc1425 sturblance1435 troublec1435 stroublance1439 hurlc1440 hurly-burlyc1440 ruffling1440 stourc1440 rumblingc1450 sturbancec1450 unquietness?c1450 conturbationc1470 ruption1483 stir1487 wanrufe?a1505 rangat?a1513 business1514 turmoil1526 blommera1529 blunderinga1529 disturbation1529 bruyllie1535 garboil1543 bruslery1546 agitation1547 frayment1549 turmoiling1550 whirl1552 confusion1555 troublesomeness1561 rule1567 rummage1575 rabble1579 tumult1580 hurlement1585 rabblement1590 disturb1595 welter1596 coil1599 hurly1600 hurry1600 commotion1616 remotion1622 obturbation1623 stirrance1623 tumultuation1631 commoving1647 roiling1647 spudder1650 suffle1650 dissettlement1654 perturbancy1654 fermentationa1661 dissettledness1664 ferment1672 roil1690 hurry-scurry1753 vortex1761 rumpus1768 widdle1789 gilravagea1796 potheration1797 moil1824 festerment1833 burly1835 fidge1886 static1923 comess1944 frammis1946 bassa-bassa1956 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lv. 273 The distant parts of the kingdom, being removed from that furious vortex of new principles and opinions which had transported the capital. 1793 E. Burke Observ. Conduct Minority in Two Lett. Conduct Domestick Parties (1797) 5 No man..may be justly suspected of secretly abetting, this French Revolution, who must not be drawn into its vortex. 1804 ‘Ignotus’ Culina 203 Lecturers, who delight in being continually whirled round in the vortex of new theories. 1838 W. Irving in Life & Lett. (1866) III. 124 I value my peace of mind too highly to suffer myself to be drawn into the vortex of New York politics. 1860 J. S. Mill Consider. Represent. Govt. (1865) 137/1 The appointments are kept out of the vortex of party and parliamentary jobbing. 1883 S. Waddington A. H. Clough 83 The vortex of religious excitement and discussion kept him idly moving in its ceaseless gyrations. b. A constant round of excitement or pleasure. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > [noun] > social excitement > constant vortex1792 1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women II. vii. 6 That whirl of dissipation, which, like some mighty vortex, has swallowed up in a manner all conditions and characters.] 1792 A. Young in Mme. D'Arblay's Lett. (1842) V. 329 A person who is constantly moving in a vortex of pleasure, brilliancy, and wit. 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 81 I feel, that I cannot be at ease in the vortex of dissipation. 1877 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Mignon I. 191 She and her husband lived in a vortex of gaiety. c. A situation into which persons or things are steadily drawn, or from which they cannot escape. (Chiefly after sense 3.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > difficult state of things > predicament or straits > from which it is difficult to be extricated pounda1500 quavemire1530 fang1535 quamire1555 pit1577 quagmire1577 bog1614 hobble1775 vortex1779 quag1842 1779 J. Moore View Society & Manners France I. i. 8 I thought it most prudent to remove.., that no chance might remain of my being..whirled round again in the vortex of dissipation and gaming. 1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 189 Let him hurl me anon, into Tartarus,..With Necessity's vortices strangling me down. 1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. x. 153 I looked with horror on the gulf of penury before me, into the vortex of which not only I, but my whole trade, seemed irresistibly sucked. a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. v. 356 Generation after generation passes away, successively absorbed in one mighty vortex. †6. A design or figure representing or suggesting vortical movement. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [noun] > design or figure vortex1665 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia Table sig. Ll^v The Figures of Hoar Frost, and the Vortices on windows. Compounds C1. General attributive, chiefly in terms of physical science. vortex-atom n. ΚΠ 1867 Sir W. Thomson in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 34 15 (heading) On Vortex Atoms. 1876 P. G. Tait Lect. Recent Adv. in Physical Sci. i. 24 Sir W. Thomson's splendid suggestion of Vortex-atoms..will enable us thoroughly to understand matter. vortex-filament n. ΚΠ 1867 P. G. Tait tr. Helmholtz in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 33 486 By vortex-filaments..I denote portions of the fluid bounded by vortex-lines drawn through every point of the boundary of an infinitely small closed curve. 1878 W. K. Clifford Elem. Dynamic iii. 203 The part of the body inside the tube is called a vortex-filament. vortex-line n. ΚΠ 1867 P. G. Tait tr. Helmholtz in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 33 486 By vortex-lines..I denote lines drawn through the fluid so as at every point to coincide with the instantaneous axis of rotation of the corresponding fluid element. 1878 W. K. Clifford Elem. Dynamic iii. 200 A curve such that its tangent at every point is in the direction of the spin at that point is called a vortex-line. vortex-matter n. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > diffused matter > [noun] > vortex matter vortex1653 vortex-matter1734 1734 tr. P. L. M. de Maupertuis Diss. Cœlestial Bodies 21 in J. Keill Exam. Burnet's Theory of Earth (ed. 2) As each Planet describes equal Area's in equal Times, it follows that the Beds of the Vortex Matter have their Velocities in a reciprocal Proportion to their distances from the Center. vortex-motion n. ΚΠ 1867 P. G. Tait tr. Helmholtz in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 33 491 We may..call the motions which have no velocity-potential, generally, vortex-motions. 1876 P. G. Tait Lect. Recent Adv. in Physical Sci. xii. 290 The peculiar properties of vortex-motion were mathematically deduced..by Helmholtz. vortex-ring n. ΚΠ 1867 P. G. Tait tr. Helmholtz in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 33 510 These vortex-rings travel on,..and are widened or contracted by other vortex-rings. 1878 W. K. Clifford Elem. Dynamic iii. 205 Suppose that in a mass of fluid there is a single vortex ring of any form (i.e. a vortex-filament returning into itself). C2. vortex shedding n. the periodic detachment of vortices from an object in a fluid flow, causing a varying force to be experienced by the object. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > vortex > detachment of vortices vortex shedding1953 1953 A. Roshko Devel. Turbulent Wakes from Vortex Streets (U.S. Nat. Advisory Comm. Aeronaut. TN 2913) 45 There is yet no adequate theory of the periodic vortex shedding and it is not clear what is the principal mechanism which determines the frequency. 1975 Offshore Engineer Dec. 42/1 Vortex shedding can impose periodic forces on a pipeline. 1982 New Scientist 27 May 566/1 Vortex shedding is quite harmless until it begins to interfere with the safety or the function of man-made structures. vortex sheet n. a region of vortices that is created at the interface of two masses of fluid having different velocities along the interface. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > vortex > arrangement or region of vortices vortex sheet1879 street1926 Kármán street of vortices1928 cloud street1954 1879 H. Lamb Treat. Math. Theory Motion Fluids vi. 154 Let us suppose we have a series of vortex-filaments arranged in a thin film over a surface... The infinitely thin film is then called a ‘vortex-sheet’. 1926 H. Glauert Elem. Aerofoil & Airscrew Theory viii. 100 When two parallel layers of fluid are moving in the same direction with different velocities, the surface of separation is a vortex sheet. 1983 Jrnl. Fluids Engin. 105 53 Nascent vortex strength and position are determined from the Kutta condition so that the nascent vortex has the same strength as a vortex sheet of uniform strength. vortex street n. see street n. 4c. vortex turbine n. a turbine in which the water enters tangentially at the circumference and is discharged at the centre. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > vortex vortex1853 vortex wheel1853 vortex turbine1877 1877 Iron 27 Oct. 516 The turbine manufactured by them is termed the ‘Vortex’. 1884 Athenæum 16 Aug. 212/1 A description of the vortex turbine or inward-flow water-wheel. vortex wheel n. (also vortex water-wheel) = vortex turbine n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > vortex vortex1853 vortex wheel1853 vortex turbine1877 1853 J. Glynn Treat. Power Water 146 Several machines derive their power from the reaction of water-pressure: such as Dr. Barker's mill,..the Vortex-wheel, and others. 1860 R. Hunt Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 5) III. 928 The name of Vortex Wheel has been given to a modification of the turbine by Mr. James Thomson of Belfast. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1652
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