witches' broomn.

Brit.

/ˈwɪtʃᵻz ˌbruːm/, U.S.

/ˌwɪtʃᵻz ˈbrum/

Forms:

α. 1800s– witches broom, 1800s– witches' broom, 1800s– witch's broom.

β. 1800s– witch broom.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: witch n., broom n.

Etymology: In α. forms < the genitive (plural or singular) of witch n. + broom n. In β. forms < witch n. + broom n. In early use probably after either French balai de sorcière (formerly also balai de sorcier ) or German Hexenbesen, both literally ‘witch's broom’, denoting a specific fungal disease of fir trees (both 1804 or earlier in this sense). Compare witches' besom n. at witch n. Compounds 3.

An abnormal, dense cluster of shoots growing from a plant, resulting from infection with various fungi, bacteria, or viruses, or from infestation with certain mites or insects. Also (as a mass noun): infection or infestation producing such clusters of shoots; esp. that produced by the basidiomycete fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa in cacao trees, which causes significant economic losses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > gall or abnormal growth

gall1398

elationc1420

dog rose1526

tumour?1541

to-growing1562

gall-nut1572

gall-apple1617

apple1668

by-fruit1682

witches' besom1849

witches' broom1856

mad-apple1868

nail gall1879

marble gall1882

gall-knob1892

scroll-gall1895

twig-gall1900

cecidium1902

α.

1852 Gardeners' Chron. & Agric. Gaz. 2 Oct. 627/2 They are known by the natives [of Germany and the Vosges region] under the names of Hexenbesen and Pâneurs de Sotré, names equivalent to Witches' Brooms.]

1856 Gardeners' Chron. & Agric. Gaz. 28 June 436/2 A specimen kindly forwarded to me..by Sir C. Lamb is, I believe, a true example of a Witches' Broom, though I have not seen the fungus.

1881 E. A. Ormerod Man. Injurious Insects 181 Witches' Brooms should be cut off and burnt.

1884 Garden 15 Nov. 417/1 (caption) Commencement of witch's broom.

1914 F. E. Fritsch & E. J. Salisbury Introd. Study Plants xv. 202 The abnormal growth known as Witch's Broom is due to various fungal pests which lead to an exceptional branching of the attacked part.

2012 Sci. Amer. Feb. 52/2 Another fungal disease, frosty pod rot, has spread throughout Latin America and may soon arrive in Brazil, where it could be even more devastating than witches' broom.

β. 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. ii. 241 In other cases their influence on their host is less injurious; they then cause peculiar degenerations in the plants whose tissues they inhabit (Æcidium Elatinæ causes, for example, the so-called ‘witch-broom’ [Ger. Hexenbesen] of the silver fir).1897 Bot. Gaz. 24 310 De Bary..demonstrated that the ‘witch broom’ was caused by a fungus.1992 L. Scott Witchbroom (1993) 186 Witchbroom had strangled the cocoa, cast its spell once and for all over the central cordillera.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	witches broom
释义	witches' broomn. Brit. /ˈwɪtʃᵻz ˌbruːm/, U.S. /ˌwɪtʃᵻz ˈbrum/ Forms: α. 1800s– witches broom, 1800s– witches' broom, 1800s– witch's broom. β. 1800s– witch broom. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: witch n., broom n. Etymology: In α. forms < the genitive (plural or singular) of witch n. + broom n. In β. forms < witch n. + broom n. In early use probably after either French balai de sorcière (formerly also balai de sorcier ) or German Hexenbesen, both literally ‘witch's broom’, denoting a specific fungal disease of fir trees (both 1804 or earlier in this sense). Compare witches' besom n. at witch n. Compounds 3. An abnormal, dense cluster of shoots growing from a plant, resulting from infection with various fungi, bacteria, or viruses, or from infestation with certain mites or insects. Also (as a mass noun): infection or infestation producing such clusters of shoots; esp. that produced by the basidiomycete fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa in cacao trees, which causes significant economic losses. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > gall or abnormal growth gall1398 elationc1420 dog rose1526 tumour?1541 to-growing1562 gall-nut1572 gall-apple1617 apple1668 by-fruit1682 witches' besom1849 witches' broom1856 mad-apple1868 nail gall1879 marble gall1882 gall-knob1892 scroll-gall1895 twig-gall1900 cecidium1902 α. 1852 Gardeners' Chron. & Agric. Gaz. 2 Oct. 627/2 They are known by the natives [of Germany and the Vosges region] under the names of Hexenbesen and Pâneurs de Sotré, names equivalent to Witches' Brooms.] 1856 Gardeners' Chron. & Agric. Gaz. 28 June 436/2 A specimen kindly forwarded to me..by Sir C. Lamb is, I believe, a true example of a Witches' Broom, though I have not seen the fungus. 1881 E. A. Ormerod Man. Injurious Insects 181 Witches' Brooms should be cut off and burnt. 1884 Garden 15 Nov. 417/1 (caption) Commencement of witch's broom. 1914 F. E. Fritsch & E. J. Salisbury Introd. Study Plants xv. 202 The abnormal growth known as Witch's Broom is due to various fungal pests which lead to an exceptional branching of the attacked part. 2012 Sci. Amer. Feb. 52/2 Another fungal disease, frosty pod rot, has spread throughout Latin America and may soon arrive in Brazil, where it could be even more devastating than witches' broom. β. 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. ii. 241 In other cases their influence on their host is less injurious; they then cause peculiar degenerations in the plants whose tissues they inhabit (Æcidium Elatinæ causes, for example, the so-called ‘witch-broom’ [Ger. Hexenbesen] of the silver fir).1897 Bot. Gaz. 24 310 De Bary..demonstrated that the ‘witch broom’ was caused by a fungus.1992 L. Scott Witchbroom (1993) 186 Witchbroom had strangled the cocoa, cast its spell once and for all over the central cordillera. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1856
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