zenanan.adj.

Brit.

/zᵻˈnɑːnə/, U.S.

/zəˈnɑnə/

Forms: 1700s jenana, 1700s zanannah, 1700s zinanah, 1700s–1800s zananah, 1700s–1800s zenanah, 1700s– zenana, 1800s zennanah, 1800s zunana, 1800s– zanana.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu zanāna, Persian zanāna.

Etymology: < (i) Urdu zanāna women's quarters (pronounced with either /a/ or /æ/ in the first syllable), and its etymon (ii) Indian Persian zanāna , in the same sense, use as noun of Persian zanāna womanly, feminine < zan woman (Middle Persian zan , cognate with Avestan ǰaini ; < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit jani woman: see quean n.) + -āna, suffix forming adjectives.The form jenana reflects a colloquial Urdu pronunciation.

A. n.

1. Among some Muslim and Hindu communities, esp. in South Asia: an area in a house reserved for the use of the women of the household, access usually being prohibited to all adult men except close family members (cf. harem n. 1a). Also: the occupants of this area considered collectively; the female part of a household (cf. harem n. 2a).

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > suite of rooms > [noun] > for women of household

seraglio1581

serail1585

harem1634

gynaeceum1723

zenana1761

serai1813

anderoon1840

haremlik?1850

gynaeconitis1855

terem1898

1761 E. Coote Let. 17 July in H. Vansittart Narr. Trans. Bengal 1760–4 (1766) I. 245 I asked him where the Nabob was? Who replied, he was asleep in his Zenana.

1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 66/2 Sujah Dowlah..plundered all the goods..of Cossim Ally; he even infringed the rights of his Zenana.

1790 in H. Yule & A. C. Burnell Hobson-Jobson (1886) (at cited word) The Jenanas or Women's apartments of principal Natives.

1816 J. Morier Journey through Persia ix. 171 Adjoining to the Chehel Sitoon is the harem; the term in Persia is applied to the establishments of the great, zenana is confined to those of the inferior people.

1881 H. Hensman Afghan War xix. 272 The ladies of his zenana had been subject to great indignities.

1894 P. N. Bose Hist. Hindu Civilisation during Brit. Rule I. iii. i. 114 It must not be supposed that Hindu ladies though living in the zenana do not exert any influence on the sterner sex.

1911 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Feb. 276/2 A female sanitary inspector was also appointed... Access is obtained in this manner to zenanas and their occupants.

1948 Southwestern Jrnl. Anthropol. 4 134 Neither he nor his mother can stray far or frequently from the few rooms of the zenana.

1993 V. Seth Suitable Boy (1994) v. 285 Only two old aunts..and the widow of his other brother—no-one else remained of that whole busy zenana.

2015 Times (Nexis) 16 Nov. 38 While women are more evident in the more cosmopolitan cities of Islamabad and Lahore, in many parts of Pakistan they are almost invisible, rarely seen outside the zenana.

2. Short for zenana cloth n. (a) at Compounds 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric with specific qualities > [noun] > thin, light, or delicate > for clothing

crisp1397

peeling1671

barége1828

Henrietta cloth1842

Tibet1857

piuma1858

crystalline1867

fluff1875

nun's veiling1882

zenana1890

voilette1908

Palm Beach1911

1890 Darlington (Indiana) Echo 7 Feb. One of the prettiest jackets was made out of a length of pale blue zenana.

1895 Penny Press (Mineapolis) 5 Jan. 6/2 A cloth called ‘zenana’, which has the appearance of quilted silk lined with eiderdown.

1900 Westm. Gaz. 6 Dec. 2/2 A bolero of pale blue zenana.

1939 Sun (Sydney) 7 May (Women's section) 40/1 (advt.) Zenana for gowns.

B. adj.

1. Of, for, or relating to a zenana or its occupants; (hence, more generally) relating to or intended for use by women only. Now chiefly historical.Originally with reference to evangelical, educational, and health-care work carried out by female Christian missionaries in South Asia among women who practised purdah.

ΚΠ

1854 Bombay Times 20 Dec. 4955/3 Those..looking forward to taking part either in a zenana mission..or in similar institutions throughout the country.

1863 Evangelical Christendom 2 Mar. 129/2 A committee of ladies should be formed to carry out some scheme of zenana education.

1876 J. L. Hauser Orient & its People iv. 72 This society was organized in 1834, and was the first Woman's Missionary Society in England 'to attempt zunána work in India, and to send forth teachers for Hindú and Múhammaden zunánas'.

1881 India's Women Mar. 62 The Zenana missionary is met at the beginning of her work by just the same old inexorable customs, the same difficulties, the same woes.

1949 Times 16 Sept. 2/4 Dr Glanville was formerly medical officer at Bermondsey medical mission hospital and at Zenana hospitals at Amritsar and Peshawar.

1985 S. C. Welch India: Art & Culture 1300–1900 445 Raja Din Dayal and Sons enterprisingly established a special Zenana Studio for Female Photography.

2015 R. Seton in J. Becker European Missions in Contact Zones iv. 246 Georgiana Smail..had, in December 1881, come out from Scotland to assist Mary Pigot in zenana work.

2. Designating a light, though warm, quilted or matelassé fabric used for women’s clothing (see zenana cloth n. at Compounds 2); made of this fabric. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1882 Clarence & Richmond Examiner (Grafton, New S. Wales) 22 Aug. 3/3 (advt.) For the spring trade, 1882... A nice assortment of the following..: Zenana sateens.

1896 To-day 5 Dec. 159/1 For bedroom use, what could be better and prettier than those zenana silk gowns of Liberty's?

1922 Australasian (Melbourne) 2 Dec. 1210/2 One of the new glossy zenana fabrics which are becoming so popular.

2001 L. Fronty Well-kept Home 111 Fond memories of curling up in a zenana dressing-gown.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as zenana door, zenana garden, zenana room, etc.

ΚΠ

1772 W. Bolts Considerations India Affairs I. ix. 96 One Ram Sonar..did then and there, with force, unlawfully and injuriously enter into his inward Zenána (or womens) apartments.

1810 T. Williamson E. India Vade-mecum I. 244 The zenanah apparel is given to him [sc. the doby] to wash, and to iron.

1872 E. Braddon Life in India iii. 57 The influence of zenana society told upon his character.

1887 R. Kipling Lett. of Marque (1909) I. iii. 22 Zenana-rooms lay shamelessly open to the day.

1922 Chatterbox 58/1 The few [attendants] that were left ranged themselves in two rows leading from the palanquin to the zenana door.

1983 S. Rushdie Shame i. i. 13 Virtually uneducated, [the three girls]..were imprisoned in the zenana wing where they amused each other by inventing private languages.

2012 V. Morrill Formidable Fortune ii. 20 Two young women appeared at the far side of the zenana gardens.

C2.

zenana cloth n. now rare (a) n. a light, though warm, quilted or matelassé fabric used for women's clothing, esp. for dressing gowns, tea gowns, and other informal garments designed to be worn in private (cf. sense A. 2); (b) adj. made of this fabric.

ΚΠ

1885 Adelaide Observer 26 Sept. 40/5 (advt.) Zenana Cloth, 9s. 11d. doz.

1897 Lady's Realm 1 93/1 As chilly hours draw near we may be permitted to turn to Zenana-cloth for some items of our lingerie.

1919 Boston Daily Globe 1 Oct. 13/4 French Zenana cloth lounging robes.

1952 Sydney Morning Herald 12 Feb. 8 Zenana cloth, a self-patterned rayon fabric with a cosy, fleecy back, is specially imported from France.

1987 D. Bellos tr. G. Perec Life: User's Man. xxxviii. 170 A zenana-cloth bedjacket, lace bonnet, and bobbled slippers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	zenana
释义	zenanan.adj. Brit. /zᵻˈnɑːnə/, U.S. /zəˈnɑnə/ Forms: 1700s jenana, 1700s zanannah, 1700s zinanah, 1700s–1800s zananah, 1700s–1800s zenanah, 1700s– zenana, 1800s zennanah, 1800s zunana, 1800s– zanana. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu zanāna, Persian zanāna. Etymology: < (i) Urdu zanāna women's quarters (pronounced with either /a/ or /æ/ in the first syllable), and its etymon (ii) Indian Persian zanāna , in the same sense, use as noun of Persian zanāna womanly, feminine < zan woman (Middle Persian zan , cognate with Avestan ǰaini ; < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit jani woman: see quean n.) + -āna, suffix forming adjectives.The form jenana reflects a colloquial Urdu pronunciation. A. n. 1. Among some Muslim and Hindu communities, esp. in South Asia: an area in a house reserved for the use of the women of the household, access usually being prohibited to all adult men except close family members (cf. harem n. 1a). Also: the occupants of this area considered collectively; the female part of a household (cf. harem n. 2a). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > suite of rooms > [noun] > for women of household seraglio1581 serail1585 harem1634 gynaeceum1723 zenana1761 serai1813 anderoon1840 haremlik?1850 gynaeconitis1855 terem1898 1761 E. Coote Let. 17 July in H. Vansittart Narr. Trans. Bengal 1760–4 (1766) I. 245 I asked him where the Nabob was? Who replied, he was asleep in his Zenana. 1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 66/2 Sujah Dowlah..plundered all the goods..of Cossim Ally; he even infringed the rights of his Zenana. 1790 in H. Yule & A. C. Burnell Hobson-Jobson (1886) (at cited word) The Jenanas or Women's apartments of principal Natives. 1816 J. Morier Journey through Persia ix. 171 Adjoining to the Chehel Sitoon is the harem; the term in Persia is applied to the establishments of the great, zenana is confined to those of the inferior people. 1881 H. Hensman Afghan War xix. 272 The ladies of his zenana had been subject to great indignities. 1894 P. N. Bose Hist. Hindu Civilisation during Brit. Rule I. iii. i. 114 It must not be supposed that Hindu ladies though living in the zenana do not exert any influence on the sterner sex. 1911 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Feb. 276/2 A female sanitary inspector was also appointed... Access is obtained in this manner to zenanas and their occupants. 1948 Southwestern Jrnl. Anthropol. 4 134 Neither he nor his mother can stray far or frequently from the few rooms of the zenana. 1993 V. Seth Suitable Boy (1994) v. 285 Only two old aunts..and the widow of his other brother—no-one else remained of that whole busy zenana. 2015 Times (Nexis) 16 Nov. 38 While women are more evident in the more cosmopolitan cities of Islamabad and Lahore, in many parts of Pakistan they are almost invisible, rarely seen outside the zenana. 2. Short for zenana cloth n. (a) at Compounds 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric with specific qualities > [noun] > thin, light, or delicate > for clothing crisp1397 peeling1671 barége1828 Henrietta cloth1842 Tibet1857 piuma1858 crystalline1867 fluff1875 nun's veiling1882 zenana1890 voilette1908 Palm Beach1911 1890 Darlington (Indiana) Echo 7 Feb. One of the prettiest jackets was made out of a length of pale blue zenana. 1895 Penny Press (Mineapolis) 5 Jan. 6/2 A cloth called ‘zenana’, which has the appearance of quilted silk lined with eiderdown. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 6 Dec. 2/2 A bolero of pale blue zenana. 1939 Sun (Sydney) 7 May (Women's section) 40/1 (advt.) Zenana for gowns. B. adj. 1. Of, for, or relating to a zenana or its occupants; (hence, more generally) relating to or intended for use by women only. Now chiefly historical.Originally with reference to evangelical, educational, and health-care work carried out by female Christian missionaries in South Asia among women who practised purdah. ΚΠ 1854 Bombay Times 20 Dec. 4955/3 Those..looking forward to taking part either in a zenana mission..or in similar institutions throughout the country. 1863 Evangelical Christendom 2 Mar. 129/2 A committee of ladies should be formed to carry out some scheme of zenana education. 1876 J. L. Hauser Orient & its People iv. 72 This society was organized in 1834, and was the first Woman's Missionary Society in England 'to attempt zunána work in India, and to send forth teachers for Hindú and Múhammaden zunánas'. 1881 India's Women Mar. 62 The Zenana missionary is met at the beginning of her work by just the same old inexorable customs, the same difficulties, the same woes. 1949 Times 16 Sept. 2/4 Dr Glanville was formerly medical officer at Bermondsey medical mission hospital and at Zenana hospitals at Amritsar and Peshawar. 1985 S. C. Welch India: Art & Culture 1300–1900 445 Raja Din Dayal and Sons enterprisingly established a special Zenana Studio for Female Photography. 2015 R. Seton in J. Becker European Missions in Contact Zones iv. 246 Georgiana Smail..had, in December 1881, come out from Scotland to assist Mary Pigot in zenana work. 2. Designating a light, though warm, quilted or matelassé fabric used for women’s clothing (see zenana cloth n. at Compounds 2); made of this fabric. Now rare. ΚΠ 1882 Clarence & Richmond Examiner (Grafton, New S. Wales) 22 Aug. 3/3 (advt.) For the spring trade, 1882... A nice assortment of the following..: Zenana sateens. 1896 To-day 5 Dec. 159/1 For bedroom use, what could be better and prettier than those zenana silk gowns of Liberty's? 1922 Australasian (Melbourne) 2 Dec. 1210/2 One of the new glossy zenana fabrics which are becoming so popular. 2001 L. Fronty Well-kept Home 111 Fond memories of curling up in a zenana dressing-gown. Compounds C1. General attributive, as zenana door, zenana garden, zenana room, etc. ΚΠ 1772 W. Bolts Considerations India Affairs I. ix. 96 One Ram Sonar..did then and there, with force, unlawfully and injuriously enter into his inward Zenána (or womens) apartments. 1810 T. Williamson E. India Vade-mecum I. 244 The zenanah apparel is given to him [sc. the doby] to wash, and to iron. 1872 E. Braddon Life in India iii. 57 The influence of zenana society told upon his character. 1887 R. Kipling Lett. of Marque (1909) I. iii. 22 Zenana-rooms lay shamelessly open to the day. 1922 Chatterbox 58/1 The few [attendants] that were left ranged themselves in two rows leading from the palanquin to the zenana door. 1983 S. Rushdie Shame i. i. 13 Virtually uneducated, [the three girls]..were imprisoned in the zenana wing where they amused each other by inventing private languages. 2012 V. Morrill Formidable Fortune ii. 20 Two young women appeared at the far side of the zenana gardens. C2. zenana cloth n. now rare (a) n. a light, though warm, quilted or matelassé fabric used for women's clothing, esp. for dressing gowns, tea gowns, and other informal garments designed to be worn in private (cf. sense A. 2); (b) adj. made of this fabric. ΚΠ 1885 Adelaide Observer 26 Sept. 40/5 (advt.) Zenana Cloth, 9s. 11d. doz. 1897 Lady's Realm 1 93/1 As chilly hours draw near we may be permitted to turn to Zenana-cloth for some items of our lingerie. 1919 Boston Daily Globe 1 Oct. 13/4 French Zenana cloth lounging robes. 1952 Sydney Morning Herald 12 Feb. 8 Zenana cloth, a self-patterned rayon fabric with a cosy, fleecy back, is specially imported from France. 1987 D. Bellos tr. G. Perec Life: User's Man. xxxviii. 170 A zenana-cloth bedjacket, lace bonnet, and bobbled slippers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1761
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