请输入您要查询的英文单词：

　

单词 younger
释义

youngeradj.n.

Brit. /ˈjʌŋɡə/, U.S. /ˈjəŋɡər/
Forms:

α. Old English gingera (rare), Old English gingra, Old English ginra (rare), Old English gyngra, Old English gynra (rare), Old English iyngra (rare), Old English iynra (rare), Old English (rare)–early Middle English gingre, late Old English giengra, late Old English gincgra, early Middle English ginger (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English gingere (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English gyngre (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English yngre, early Middle English ȝingre, early Middle English ȝinȝre, early Middle English ȝyngre.

β. early Old English iugra (Mercian, transmission error), Old English geoncgra (rare), Old English geongera (rare), Old English geongor- (in derivatives), Old English geongra, Old English geongre (rare), Old English geonra (rare), Old English giongor- (in derivatives), Old English giongra, Old English giuncra (rare), Old English giungra, Old English giunra (rare), Old English goncgra (rare), Old English gungra (rare), Old English ieongra (rare), Old English iongra (rare), Old English iuncgra (rare), Old English iungera (rare), Old English iungra, late Old English giongræ (Kentish), late Old English giongre (Kentish), early Middle English gunger, early Middle English gungere, early Middle English ȝeogere (south-west midlands, transmission error), early Middle English ȝeonger (south-west midlands), early Middle English ȝeongere (south-western), early Middle English ȝeongre (south-western), early Middle English ȝeonȝre (south-western), early Middle English ȝeunger (south-east midlands), early Middle English ȝungere, early Middle English ȝungre, early Middle English ȝunngre ( Ormulum), Middle English yhonger (northern), Middle English yhunger (northern), Middle English yongere, Middle English yongger, Middle English yongir, Middle English yongre, Middle English yonker, Middle English yungger, Middle English yungur, Middle English ȝongar, Middle English ȝonger, Middle English ȝongere, Middle English ȝongerre, Middle English ȝonggar, Middle English ȝongger, Middle English ȝongir, Middle English ȝongire, Middle English ȝongor, Middle English ȝongore, Middle English ȝongrir (transmission error), Middle English ȝongyr, Middle English ȝoungar, Middle English ȝoungere, Middle English ȝungar, Middle English ȝunger, Middle English ȝungir, Middle English–1500s yongar, Middle English–1500s yongur, Middle English–1500s yownger, Middle English–1600s yonger, Middle English–1600s yunger, late Middle English– younger, 1600s yeonger, 1600s yonere, 1600s yonguer; Scottish pre-1700 yhongare, pre-1700 yhoungare, pre-1700 yhowngare, pre-1700 yhowngere, pre-1700 yhowyngyr, pre-1700 yhungar, pre-1700 yioungar, pre-1700 yoingar, pre-1700 yongar, pre-1700 yonger, pre-1700 yonngar, pre-1700 yonngare, pre-1700 youngair, pre-1700 youngar, pre-1700 youngor, pre-1700 yovnar, pre-1700 yowngare, pre-1700 yownger, pre-1700 yunger, pre-1700 yungre, pre-1700 zongar, pre-1700 zonger, pre-1700 zoungar, pre-1700 zounger, pre-1700 ȝongar, pre-1700 ȝongare, pre-1700 ȝonger, pre-1700 ȝonnegar, pre-1700 ȝounar, pre-1700 ȝoungar, pre-1700 ȝoungare, pre-1700 ȝounger, pre-1700 ȝownar, pre-1700 ȝowngar, pre-1700 ȝownger, pre-1700 ȝungar, pre-1700 ȝungare, pre-1700 ȝunger, pre-1700 ȝwnger.

γ. Old English gengra (rare), early Middle English ȝengere.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian jungera (apparently only attested as noun), Old Dutch jungiro (in Old Dutch only as noun; Middle Dutch jongher ; Dutch jonger ), Old Saxon jungra (Middle Low German jünger ), Old High German jungiro (in Old High German only as noun; Middle High German junger , jünger , German jünger ), Old Icelandic yngri , Old Swedish yngre (Swedish yngre ), Old Danish yngri (Danish yngre ), Gothic juhiza < the Germanic base of young adj. + the Germanic base of -er suffix3. Compare elder adj., elder n.3, and later older adj., older n.The α. forms apparently show i-mutation of the stem vowel, caused by the suffix (compare discussion at -er suffix3); the initial /j/ (in Old English frequently spelt g- ) probably also influenced the vowel. Compare also the β. forms at young adj. and n.1 and the discussion and references at that entry. The β. forms show levelling after the α. forms at young adj. and n.1 In sense A. 1b in early use often with reference to the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II (401–50) and therefore probably after or reinforced by classical Latin iūnior (see junior adj.) in its specific post-classical Latin use as an epithet in his official name Flavius Theodosius Iunior Augustus . Compare classical Latin minor in this sense (see minor adj. and compare less adj. 1e). With use as noun (especially in sense B. 4) compare Old Frisian jungera descendant, disciple, chaplain, Old Saxon jungro disciple, servant, vassal, Old Dutch jungiro disciple, Old High German jungiro , jungōro disciple. With the association of lesser age with lower rank which is reflected in sense B. 4 (and also in occasional uses in sense A. 2), compare similar sense developments seen at elder adj. and n.3 and at junior adj. and n. Compare also youngerman n. The compound youngership n. at Derivatives was apparently originally formed (as Old English geongorscipe ) after Old Saxon jungarskepi service, vassalage (assumed to have occurred in the lost Old Saxon original of quot. OE for youngership n. at Derivatives); compare Old Frisian jungerskip benefice of a chaplain. Compare also Old English geongordōm service, vassalage (attested in the same Old English source; < younger n. + -dom suffix, apparently after Old Saxon jungardōm service, discipleship).
Where important for the history of a particular use of young adj., quotations for younger are included at that entry.
A. adj. The comparative of young adj. Opposed to elder adj., older adj.
1.
a. That has lived a shorter time; more youthful; of a lower age. Also: having the mental or physical characteristics of a more youthful person. Cf. young adj. 1, 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adjective] > younger than an age > younger
youngerOE
puisne1565
after-born?1575
secundus1826
OE St. Eustace (Julius) in W. W. Skeat Ælfric's Lives of Saints (1900) II. 210 Þa se gingra broðor þis eall gehyrde fram þam yldran broðor, þa aras he and gelæhte hine..and cyste.
lOE Laws of Æðelstan (Rochester) vi. xii. §1. 183 Cwæð þa, þæt him þuhte..þæt man nænne gingran mann ne sloge þonne xv-wintre man.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13271 Peterr..lahȝhre wass bitwenenn menn. & ȝunngre mann onn elde.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8753 Hit ne likede noþing wel Roberd courtehese Þoru is ȝongore broþer so engelond to lese.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 5395 Fedra hire yonger Soster.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3493 (MED) Iacob hight þe yonger broþer.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1474 Athils of all age, eldire & ȝongire.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xiiii The yonger and the grener that the grasse is the softer and the sweter it wyl be.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Vultus Anice maketh one looke yonger.
c1600 G. Harvey Marginalia (1913) App. ii. 232 The younger sort takes much delight in Shakespeares Venus, & Adonis.
c1626 Dick of Devonshire (1955) 1342 All yonger brothers must sitt beneath ye salt, & take what Dishes the Elder shoves downe to them.
1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World i. xxxii. §8. 52/1 They are proverbially said to have eaten a snake, who look younger than accustomed.
1718 A. Pope Corr. 1 Sept. (1956) I. 494 I shall look upon you as so many years Younger than you was, so much nearer Innocence.
1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 208 The younger trees are frequently cut for fire-wood in the mountains; they are full of resin, burn very freely and with a most agreeable smell.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice III. ix. ii. 108 Evelyn was younger than her years!
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 484 The younger brother may not marry the elder brother's widows.
1936 J. Buchan Island of Sheep iv. 60 It was not the Peter that you knew in the War, but Peter ten years younger, with no grey in his beard, and as trim and light and hard as an Olympic athlete.
1960 H. Lee To kill Mockingbird xviii. 194 The younger children had perpetual colds.
1991 C. Hill Tack 8 Lightweight leather from smaller or younger animals such as calves, sheep, or deer.
2013 Daily Tel. 6 Feb. 6/1 Exposing his lies over a speeding offence in revenge for him leaving her for a younger woman.
b. Also with capital initial. Used to distinguish the younger of two people of the same name or title in a family (esp. a son from his father).In early use as a byname and surname also sometimes used to distinguish unrelated people of the same name (cf. e.g. quot. OE1).Used attributively with the, or as postmodifier with or (chiefly Scottish) without the, esp. denoting the heir to an estate or title. Cf. junior adj. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > junior person > [adjective]
youngOE
youngerOE
puisne1565
minor1575
puny1579
junior1623
jun.1708
mi1791
Junr.1813
tertius1870
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 872 Þær wearð Sidroc eorl ofslegen se ealda & Sidroc se geongra.
OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Judges (Laud) Epil., in S. J. Crawford Old Eng. Version of Heptateuch (1922) 415 Sona se gingra Theodosius wæs swiðe gelyfed.
a1325 St. Denis (Corpus Cambr.) l. 160 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 434 Þe god emperor Theodose þe ȝongore þat of ech godnesse was flour.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 187 (MED) Thei sent onto the Kyng these v bischoppis..desyring of the Kyng that Hugo Spenser the elder and Hew the younger schuld be banchid the rewme as tretoures.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 1138 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 61 Iustine yungre.
1529 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. 62/2 Umquhill Johnne Culquhone, eldar, and Johnne Culquhone, zounger.
a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 5 Staford..had Draiton by an Heiregeneral of the Younger Grene.
1567 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials in Scotl. (1833) I. ii. 496 (heading) Deposition by John Hay, ȝounger of Tallo.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. 32 The younger Tullia, a stout dame and a prowd.
1627 G. Hakewill Apologie iii. i. 151 Tobias the elder liued to one hundred fifty and eight, the yonger to one hundred twenty seven.
1684 Procl. in R. Wodrow Hist. Sufferings Church of Scotl. (1722) II. App. 109 John Baxters elder and younger, Tenants to Robert Campbel.
1734 Parish Reg. Forres 23 Feb. (MS.) Witnesses Alexander Dunbar younger and Elder of Boath.
1776 J. Hawkins Gen. Hist. Music V. iv. vii. 364 The younger Stanesby, the wind-instrument-maker.
1785 T. L. O'Beirne Gleam of Comfort 122 So singularly dexterous as to appear the work of Pitt the younger.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. ii. 38 Charles Hazlewood, younger of Hazlewood.
1849 C. Dickens in J. Forster Life Dickens (1872) II. xx. 432 Mag's Diversions. Being the personal history of Mr. Thomas Mag the Younger, Of Blunderstone House.
1939 Fortune Nov. 143/1 The inability of one man, the younger Moltke, to understand its basic principles threw the whole carefully worked out ‘Schlieffen plan’ off balance.
1982 Who's Who 1425/2 Hugh Magnus Macleod, younger of Macleod.
2011 N.Y. Times Mag. 30 Oct. 12 When another interviewer once asked if he had ever prayed with Bush the Younger, Blair flustered with embarrassment.
2. That has had less experience or practice; more junior. In Old English sometimes with implication of lower status (cf. quot. OE1 and sense B. 4). Cf. young adj. 5, junior adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [adjective] > newly come into existence > more lately formed or younger
youngerOE
OE Rule St. Benet (Tiber.) (1888) lxiii. 105 Qui secunda hora diei venerit in monasterium juniorem se noverit illius esse qui prima hora venerit diei, cujuslibet aetatis aut dignitatis sit : se þe æt þære oðran tide cymð to minstre ginran hine he cunne his beon se þe on þære forman tide swa hwylcere ylde oððe wurðscipe he si.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xxxi. 305 Iulianus wæs haten þissere Romaniscan cyrcan se geongra ealdorman & mundbora [L. secundus defensor].
1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 122 Thou art young in yeares, I suppose: but younger in enterprise, I am assured.
1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Compl. Hist. Warrs Flanders i. 189 Archduke Mathias, young in years, and yet younger in experience, could only undergoe a titular Command.
1688 J. S. Souldiers Compan. ii. 216 Nor ought an elder Captain in a younger Regiment to expect he should without peculiar Orders, or an extraordinary Commission command a younger Captain in an elder Regiment, for their Rank is otherwise, according to the Antiquity of the Regiment, and not according to the Date of the Commission.
1745 Mil. Dict. in Introd. Art Fortification at Cadet It also is taken for an Officer who, in respect of another, is younger in the Service.
1760 Cautions & Advices to Officers of Army 115 There is a Brother Ensign, one younger in Rank than myself.
1818 Christian Observer Mar. 159/2 They may be men, young in years, and younger in experience—of erroneous or imperfect religious views.
1880 Photographic News 12 Mar. 130/1 He was younger in the art and younger in the Association than some of them, but he quite made up in devotion alike to the study and to the interests of the Association.
1910 Ann. Rep. Dept. Bureaus (N.Y. State Dept. Labor Dept.) I. 695 Trainmen will be allowed to select but one position each year, except..when displaced by men older in rank or their jobs abolished, in which event they may select any position held by men younger in rank.
1995 Independent (Nexis) 8 Nov. 9 He was ‘much younger in the job’ than the 60-year-old current incumbent.
3. Designating the earlier part of (one's) life; earlier. Often with possessive adjective. Frequently in younger days. Cf. young adj. 4, youngest adj. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > youth > [adjective] > belonging to early part of life
younger1538
springing1556
youngest1570
junior1606
vernant1793
vernal1794
in bud1847
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Puber, a yonge mosy bearde, whyche spryngeth in the nether partes of a man at .xiiii. yeres of age: of a woman at yonger yeres.
1563 Ressoning Crosraguell & Knox f. 4 My Lorde in this his impotent age could haue contented him self with the self same ease and quietnes that in his yonger age and better habilitie, he enioyed.
1578 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 707 Gude will schawin unto him in his youngar aige.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 41 To shake all cares and busines of our state, Confirming them on yonger yeares. View more context for this quotation
1676 J. Glanvill Ess. iii. 52 They [sc. the Peripatetick Disputers] imployed their Younger Studies upon the Philosophy of Disputation.
1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. xvii. 276 Whether in their Chamber, Parlour or Study, in the younger or elder Years of Life.
1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham II. xxv. 260 He had been an old votary of the turf in his younger days.
1889 G. Grove Dict. Music IV. 293/2 Mozart in his younger years was hardly less great as a violinist than a piano-player, and his Violin Concertos,..are the most valuable compositions in that form.
1907 Trans. Shropshire Archæol. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 7 401 In his younger days he was a keen cricketer... He also used to row.
1952 J. Steinbeck East of Eden 495 In my younger days I played tennis.
1980 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 20 Dec. Christmas, as a grownup, with your parents can bring back memories of younger times.
2008 Church Times 19 Dec. 42/2 It is our little deaths, the losses and failures of our younger years, that help us to face the diminishments of our later years.
4. More recently created, begun, introduced, etc.; that is at an earlier stage; less advanced; newer, later. Cf. young adj. 6.
ΚΠ
1615 Bp. J. Hall Recoll. Treat. 812 If there be any point of our Religion younger then the Patriarchs and Prophets.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. iii. §10 We have made it evident, that these two great historians are younger even then the translation of the Bible into Greek.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Younger Regiment or Officer, in Military Affairs, that Regiment is counted Youngest, which was last rais'd, and that Officer youngest, whose Commission is of the latest Date.
1794 J. Boys Gen. View Agric. Kent 58 The second year after planting [hops], full size poles..are placed to the hills instead of the seconds, which are removed to younger grounds.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 340 Younger towns, towns which are rarely or never mentioned in our early history and which sent no representatives to our early parliaments.
1854 R. I. Murchison Siluria i. 13 The Silurian rocks of the Ural chain are succeeded by younger palæozoic deposits.
1874 A. H. Sayce Princ. Compar. Philol. ii. 60 The younger the science, the smaller will be the amount of known facts.
1915 Daily Tel. 5 May 2/3 The directors decided not to commence tapping on the younger [rubber] fields.
1948 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 255 74/2 A yet younger discipline is political science.
2002 New Scientist 5 Jan. 19/1 The bulk of the oil will be in much younger and shallower rocks than in Prudhoe.
B. n.
1. Usually with the: (with singular sense) the person who is the least old of two or more people; (with plural sense) those who are younger, considered collectively. Frequently contrasted with elder, older.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > junior person > [noun]
youngestOE
youngerOE
youngerOE
juniora1530
young blood1557
puny1567
puisne1592
kid1690
minimus1848
baby1854
minor1864
OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Corpus Cambr. 196) 15 Nov. (2013) 214 Þa gearn sum hynd betweox þam gebroðrum..; and þa becom þæs yldran stræl on þæs gingran ynnoð, and þæs gyngran stræl on þæs yldran breost.
OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz Regula Canonicorum (Corpus Cambr. 191) ii. 175 Æfre þa geongan wurðian þa ealdan, and þa ealdan lufien þa gingran.
a1200 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Trin. Cambr.) 326 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 230 Ne muȝe we werien naðer ne wið þurst ne wið hunger..ne wið elde ne wið deað þe elder ne þe ȝeunger.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 218 Na mon ne leote ȝe in. ne þe ȝungre ne speoke wið namon bute leaue.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15890 Morð wes iwurðen. quelen þa eorles..quelen þa ældren, quelen þa ȝeongeren.
a1325 Annunciation (Corpus Cambr.) l. 10 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 127 Caym þe luþer bern slou Abel is broþer..Þe þe eoldere slou þe ȝongore.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2934 (MED) Þe elder to þe yonger spak.
?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 383 He þat is gratter of ȝow, loke þat he be made as ȝongar in sympilnes.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. ix. 12 The elder shall serve the yonger.
1639 J. Woodall Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) Pref. sig. B6v It is fit that the younger obey the elder.
a1672 F. Willughby Bk. of Games (2003) 133 In all games the elder has the advantage of the younger.
1705 P. A. Motteux Amorous Miser iii. 59 For howsoe'er we boast Experienc'd skill, I find the Younger are the Wiser still.
a1770 J. Jortin Tracts (1790) I. 355 Exhortation comes most properly from superiors and from equals. It is part of the duty of rulers to subjects, parents to children, masters to servants, the elder to the younger, and friends to friends.
1838 F. Lieber Man. Polit. Ethics I. ii. i. 112 Experience, knowledge, acquired skill, could now be transmitted from one to another, from the older to the younger.
1861 C. Reade Cloister & Hearth II. xi. 214 Thy beard is ripe; thy fellow's is green; he shall be the younger.
1922 G. S. Hall Senescence viii. 422 All these forms and degrees of servitude of the younger to the older.
1992 Boston Globe 1 Aug. 9/5 Who is moving from rural areas? It's clearly the younger, the better educated, the ones in managerial occupations.
2010 R. A. Lawson Jim Crow's Counterculture i. 23 Cultural traditions, naturally, are handed down from elder to younger, decade after decade.
2. With possessive adjective: a person's inferior in age; = junior n. 1b. Now usually in plural. Cf. elder n.3 2a, older n. 2b.In early use also in singular with plural agreement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > junior person > [noun]
youngestOE
youngerOE
youngerOE
juniora1530
young blood1557
puny1567
puisne1592
kid1690
minimus1848
baby1854
minor1864
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Hatton) (1900) ii. xvi. 135 He geseah, þæt his gingran [L. minores suos] wæron toforan him gesette on halgum sacerdhadum.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13279 Þatt uss birrþ follȝhenn bliþeliȝ. Þatt ure ȝunngre uss læreþþ. Ȝiff þatt iss þatt hiss lare iss god.
1493 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Pynson) i. xxxvi. sig. ev/2 Thanne begynne thy mooste to dote and to teche theire yonger, many folyes.
1534 W. Turner tr. J. von Watt Of Olde God & Newe sig. Riijv Suche thinges do theyr yongers here.
a1540 in T. West Antiq. Furness (1807) 157 They shall diligently instruct their juniors and yongers.
1595 R. Southwell Mœoniæ 25 My yongers daily drop away, And can I thinke to scape alone?
1639 G. Digby in G. Digby & K. Digby Lett. conc. Relig. (1651) 90 No false doctrine whatsoever can be admitted into the Church in any age, unless they of that age do unanimously conspire to deceive their children and youngers.
1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 4 I scarce can meet a Monument, but holds My Younger.
1770 Oxf. Mag. Apr. 152/1 I've heard my elders—youngers too, Declare what wonders Love could do.
1836 Going to Service viii. 87 It is very mortifying to be obliged to one's youngers.
1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 87 Answer'd Sir Gareth graciously to one Not many a moon his younger.
1920 E. Wharton Age of Innocence xxxiii. 333 The expression assumed by virtuous elderly gentlemen when they wish their youngers to understand that virtue is not synonymous with ignorance.
1953 K. M. Briggs Personnel of Fairyland Introd. 13 Those grown-up people who have occasion..to tell fairy stories to their youngers.
1976 C. Hollis Oxf. in Twenties 129 I do not know that we were more sensible than our youngers.
2010 M. Amis Pregnant Widow (2011) ii. 83 They were not like their elders and they would not be like their youngers.
3. A younger person, esp. a young child. Frequently contrasted with elder n.3 2b. Chiefly in plural.Now more usually expressed by a phrase using the adjective, as ‘a younger person’, etc.
ΚΠ
eOE Royal Psalter cxviii. 9 In quo corrigit iunior uiam suam in custodiendo sermones tuos : on ðam gerecð gingra [OE Paris Psalter se iunga, Lambeth Psalter se iunga uel iungling] weg his on gehealdnesse spræca þina.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 302 He muste nedis meene that he allowith oon to be grettist among hem, and that he in sum other maner louȝe him as a ȝonger.
1539 R. Taverner Garden of Wysdom sig. A.vi It was an vsage and lawe amonges the Lacedemonians, that the yongers sholde gyue moche honoure and reuerence to theyr elders.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Kiv To the intent that the sage grauitie..of the elders should kepe the yongers from wanton licence.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. vi. 14 How like a younger or a prodigall the skarfed barke puts from her natiue bay. View more context for this quotation
1674 News from Bedlam sig. C4v There is another time of Sport beside, By Youngers, called, Welcome Whitsuntide.
1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 182 The two Youngers [of the family] were also well placed.
1853 W. M. Thackeray Let. 11 Mar. (1946) III. 235 Good bye dear Lucy and all round your bed & elders and youngers.
1885 T. Mozley Reminisc. Towns (ed. 2) I. xxiv. 138 In 1823 all we youngers were at a small farmhouse between Filey and Scarborough.
1948 Princeton Alumni Weekly 9 Jan. 18/1 Every elder present was called upon and obliged readily and ably, and Bob Lupfer's son Joe responded gracefully in behalf of the youngers.
1997 L. S. Goldstein Teaching with Love 46 Second graders are olders, kindergartners are youngers.
2011 C. Taylor Londoners 245 The older lot recruit youngers and give them their name.
†4. A follower, a disciple; a servant, a subordinate; (more generally) a person who is lower in rank. Cf. junior n. 1a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun]
followereOE
youngereOE
retenantc1390
suitora1398
waitera1500
retainer1508
pursuivant1513
villein1534
consequent1550
backmanc1560
janissary1565
jackman1566
hensure1568
belonger1577
lackey1588
sequent1598
pedissequant1607
henchman1754
gesith1861
ministerialis1888
eOE Laws of Ælfred (Corpus Cambr. 173) xxxviii. §2. 72 Gif ðises hwæt beforan cyninges ealdormonnes gingran [L. (Quadripartitus) coram regis aldremanno iuniore, (Instituta Cnuti) ante uicecomitem] gelimpe oððe cyninges preoste, xxx scillinga to wite.
OE Genesis B 291 Ne wille ic leng his geongra wurþan.
OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Oxf.) iii. iii. 160 Se bisceop, betwih oþre lare mannum to lyfigeanne, þa fægerestan bysene his gingrum forlet.
lOE tr. Honorius Augustodunensis Elucidarium in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 144 Hwu oft æteowde he [sc. Jesus] hine his gingran?
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily: St. Vincent's Day (Cambr. Ii.1.33) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 103 Se arleasa Datianus..cwæð to his ȝinȝrum and to his witnerum þus, Forlætað þysne bisceop.

Phrases

not getting (also growing) any younger and variants: used to express the inevitability of ageing or the passage of time, and frequently as an incitement to action.
ΚΠ
1761 Library May 98 Her charms renew not their lustre, and..her faded beauties bloom not afresh; in short,..she does not grow younger.]
1841 Evergreen Apr. 228/1 I dare not. I feel that I'm not getting younger.
1894 Sunday Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) 30 Dec. 8/3 You are 36 years old to-day and not growing any younger.
1943 K. Tennant Ride on Stranger xviii. 203 You're not getting any younger yourself, kid.
1981 J. Stubbs Ironmaster xv. 211 We are none of us growing any younger.
2003 C. Birch Turn again Home iii. 56 It's not that we don't love her, Grandad said, we do, but we're not getting any younger and it's a tremendous strain on Mam.

Compounds

younger-born n. and adj. now rare (a) n. a younger sibling, a younger child; (b) adj. born later; younger; also in extended use; cf. elder-born adj. at elder adj. and n.3 Special uses 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > [noun]
younger-born1530
sibling1900
sib1908
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 291/2 Yongar borne, maisne.
?1585 E. Aggas tr. E. de L'Allouette Catholicke Apologie i. f. 16 Now let vs take the seconde braunch, the first & chiefe partition of this race, which is the stocke of the latter yonger borne, and yet remaineth to this day, in the roume of the eldest, and beareth the Name and full armes thereof.
1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Puiney, younger borne.
1729 C. Cibber Love in Riddle i. 6 But we have still our younger-born unfixt: How stand we there in Hope?
1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin lxv. 606 His preference for the younger-born.
1896 Sc. Law Reporter 34 158/2 The issue of younger born sons becoming eldest sons and then predeceasing.
2008 R. Rosenberg Psychol. of Superheroes 35 Only children are similar to first-borns in that they are more likely to support the status quo, in contrast to younger-borns, who are generally more open to new ideas.
younger-brotherish adj. rare having the character of a younger brother; esp. unruly or immature.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > brother > relationship of brothers > [adjective] > younger brother
younger-brotherish1696
1696 C. Cibber Love's Last Shift iii. 40 You Choose a beggerly unaccountable sort of Younger Brotherish Rake-hell for your Son-in-Law, before a Man of Quality, Estate, good Parts and Breeding.
1885 L. Wingfield Barbara Philpot xii To sell smiles to such a beggarly younger-brotherish runagate!
2006 N.Y. Times 6 Oct. e1 Jason Tam is ingratiatingly boyish, younger-brotherish and strangely unsullied as Paul.
younger generation n. (with the) the next or rising generation, esp. viewed in contrast to one's own, and often with (sometimes disapproving) reference to the attitudes and values associated with it.
ΚΠ
1714 W. Bartlet Power of Violence & Resol. Pref. p. iii This poor Discourse..may but kindle an holy Ardor in the Hearts and Breasts of some of the younger Generation.
1786 W. Matthews Misc. Compan. I. 92 That unhappiness, which attends the younger generation in any age or country.
1793 J. Cosens Serm. Useful Subj. I. xi. 290 Many, especially of the younger generation, and fairer sex, have lost their innocence and virtue.
1896 G. B. Shaw in Sat. Rev. 26 Dec. 672/1 A fine young woman..who..treads the boards with no little authority and assurance as one of the younger generation knocking vigorously at the door.
1914 L. Woolf Wise Virgins iv. 93 ‘Most lakes..are repulsive,’ ejaculated Harry. ‘Ah,’ said Mr. Macausland tolerantly, ‘there spoke the younger generation.’
1939 T. S. Eliot Family Reunion i. i. 14 The younger generation Are undoubtedly decadent.
1976 ‘J. Fraser’ Who steals my Name? ii. 22 Mr. Cedric was a member of the younger generation.
2011 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 29 Jan. c1 That stage in life where we despair of the younger generation and institutions in general.
younger hand n. Cards the second person to play or bid in a two-player game (opposed to elder hand n. at elder adj. 4); (also) = youngest hand n. at youngest adj. and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > [noun] > card-player > first, last, etc., player
eldest hand1599
younger hand1669
youngest hand1674
leader1677
fourth1803
1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant iv. 41 Zounds, the Rogue has a Quint-Major, and three Aces younger hand.
1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. (at cited word) To be the younger hand (at play), être dernier en carte, en Termes de jeu.
1744 E. Hoyle Short Treat. Game Piquet iii. 28 If the younger-hand has one Ace dealt him, what are the Odds of his taking in one or two of the three remaining Aces?
1774 W. Hooper Rational Recreations I. xl. 120 If, on the contrary, he choose the younger hand, you discard the knave, ten, and eight of spades, with the seven and eight of diamonds.
1830 Bell's Life in London 10 Oct. Two players at Piquet—the elder hand calls his point at 50, which the younger hand declares to be good.
1889 ‘Cavendish’ Piquet (ed. 6) 132 The Show, elder hand (when small cards are counted in play), is twenty-eight; younger hand is fourteen. That is, it is about an even chance the elder hand will score twenty-eight or more, and that the younger hand will score fourteen or more.
1910 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 638/1 A pique can only be made by the elder hand, as the one he reckons in play when he leads his first card counts before points subsequently made in play by the younger hand.
2005 B. Rigal Card Games for Dummies (ed. 2) i. i. 12 The younger hand is the player to the dealer's right.
younger-looking adj. having a more youthful appearance.
ΚΠ
1818 A. Opie New Tales I. 143 You are ten times younger-looking and handsomer than he is.
1900 Illustr. Chips 8 Dec. 4/2 The German, who was far taller, broader, and younger-looking.
2013 K. Fischer Younger Skin 28 Days 32 If you want younger-looking skin, new research suggests you skip the sugar.
† younger-sisterish adj. Obsolete having the character of a younger sister; spec. meek, self-effacing.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > sister > [adjective] > younger sister
younger-sisterish1864
1864 C. M. Yonge Trial v She is painfully meek and younger-sisterish.

Derivatives

† ˈyoungership n. Obsolete rare (a) service, vassalage; (b) the state or condition of being younger in age or inferior in status; cf. juniority n. a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > junior person > [noun] > state of being
youngershipOE
punyship1581
juniority1598
juniorship1794
OE Genesis B 249 Hæfde se alwalda engelcynna..tene getrimede, þæm he getruwode wel þæt hie his giongorscipe fyligan wolden, wyrcean his willan.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Iuveignerie, youngership.
1899 Amer. Anthropologist 1 719 The captive is thus doomed to perpetual youngership, if the term may be permitted; that is, to perpetual servitude.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
<
adj.n.eOE
随便看

　

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。

　

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间：2025/1/11 8:25:52