| 释义 |
▪ I. eagle, n.|ˈiːg(ə)l|
Forms: 4–7 egle, 5 egylle, 6 aegle, 6–7 ægle, 6– eagle; also 4–5 a negle, neggle.
[ME. egle, a. OF. egle, aigle = Pr. aigla, It. aquila, Sp., Pg. aguila:—L. aquila.]
1. a. The name commonly given to any of the larger Diurnal Birds-of-prey which are not Vultures; though some birds are accounted Eagles by ornithologists which are smaller than certain Buzzards. Two species of Eagle are natives of Britain; the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaëtus), almost confined in these islands to the mountainous parts of Scotland and Ireland; and the Sea, or White-tailed Eagle (Haliaëtus albicilla) found on the coasts of the same countries. Much resembling the latter is the Bald or White-headed Eagle (H. leucocephalus), the emblematic bird of the United States of America. Freq. in U.S. allusive use, esp. as a symbol of liberty or freedom.
The strength, keen vision, graceful and powerful flight of the eagle are proverbial, and have given to him the title of the king of birds.
c1380Wyclif Serm. xxx. Sel. Wks. II. 110 Lyke to a fleynge egle. 1382― Jer. iv. 13 Swiftere than eglis his hors. c1475Voc. in Wr-Wülcker 701 Hec aquila, a negylle. Ibid. 761 A egyle. 1535Coverdale Obad. 4 Though thou wentest vp as hye as the Aegle. 1606Holland Sueton. 81 An ægle snatched a peece of bread out of his hand. 1607Shakes. Timon iv. iii. 224 These moyst Trees, That haue out-liu'd the Eagle. 1766Pennant Zool. (1768) I. 123 Eagles are remarkable for their longevity. 1798T. G. Fessenden Orig. Poems (1806) 4 The Eagle of Freedom with rapture behold, Overshadow our land with his plumage of gold! 1862Lowell Poet. Wks. (1879) 391/2 Ninety miles off as the eagle flies. 1865Trans. Ill. Agric. Soc. 1861–2 V. 203 The clang of mighty forges, fashioning out the sinews of war, to guard the eagle of liberty. 1872‘Mark Twain’ Speeches (1910) 415 You won't mind a body bragging a little about his country on the Fourth of July. It is a fair and legitimate time to fly the eagle. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 25 Can I make my eye an eagle's? 1904N.Y. Even. Post 14 Sept. 1 Mr. Fassett was toying with those dear but haggard phrases..and generally making the eagle scream. 1942R. G. Lillard Desert Challenge 194 He introduced the orator of the day..and for a while the eagle screamed.
b. with prefixed word defining the species.
1688I. Clayton in Phil. Trans. XVII. 989 The largest I take to be that they call the Grey Eagle. 1790Pennant Tour in Scotl. II. 24 Sea Eagles breed in ruined towers, but quit the country in winter; the black eagles continue there the whole year. 1803Pic Nic No. 6 (1806) I. 224 The fierce bald-eagle, tyrant of thy native woods. 1865Gould Birds of Australia I. 9 The natural disposition of the Wedge-tailed Eagle leads it to frequent the interior portion of the country.
c. fig. (often with allusion to 2 a, b.)
1611Shakes. Cymb. v. v. 473 Our princely Eagle Th' Imperiall Caesar. 1664Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872–5 II. 126 Those two Sonnes of the Russian Eagle. 1821Shelley Hellas 47 Russia's famish'd eagles Dare not to prey beneath the crescent's light. 1847Tennyson Princ. iv. 64 Hope, a poising eagle. 1893Congress Rec. 16 Oct. 2561/2 The grand old man, known as the Bald Eagle of Rhode Island rose to reply.
d. Golf. A score of two under bogey or par.
1922C. Leitch Golf xii. 202 Barnes..holed his putt for a 3, so securing what is known in American golfing parlance as an ‘eagle’. 1926Wodehouse Heart of Goof iv. 135 When he had got that ‘eagle’ on the third, he had looked bored. 1927Observer 3 Apr. 29/1 [He] let loose a whole flock of ‘birdies’ and ‘eagles’ with which he captured the remainder of the holes. 1928Daily Express 9 July 17/7 He accomplished an ‘eagle’ two for the 351 yards. 1966Wodehouse Plum Pie ii. 66 It was on the fourth green, after he had done an eagle, that he spoke again.
2. A figure of the bird used for any purpose:
a. as an ensign in the Roman army, and as an ensign and badge in the French army under the empire.
a1400Morte Arth. 360 Hys egle to touche, Þat borne es in his banere. 1601Holland Pliny I. 273 Caius Marius..ordained, that the legions..should haue the Egle for their standard. 1720Ozell Vertot's Rom. Rep. II. xi. 161 Cinna flatter'd Valerius..that Sylla's Soldiers..would soon desert to his Eagles. 1812Wellington Disp. 21, 24 July in Examiner 24 Aug. 535/2 The Eagles and Colours taken from the enemy. 1815J. W. Croker in Papers (1884) I. iii. 73 The broken eagles which the French soldiers wore on the fronts of their caps. 1862Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) IV. xxxviii. 348 Their eagles were retained as trophies.
b. as an armorial bearing; esp. of the Holy Roman Empire, and of the various modern empires, as the Austrian, French, German, and Russian. Also as the badge of an order of knighthood.
c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 393 The feeld of snow, with thegle of blak ther-Inne. 1705Lond. Gaz. No. 4182/1 A new Order of Knighthood, called the Order of the White Eagle. 1707Ibid. No. 4354/2 Knight of the Order of the Prussian Eagle. 1845S. Austin tr. Ranke's Hist. Ref. I. i. 149 The..cities..which bear the imperial eagle in their arms.
c. as the sign (or appellation) of an inn.
1556Chron. Gr. Friars (1852) 75 At the syne of the Eggylle.
d. U.S. = eagle button (10).
1789W. Maclay Deb. Senate (1880) 97 The Cincinnati had seats allotted for themselves—worn their eagles at their button-holes. 1812Niles' Weekly Reg. II. 131/1 Cockades and eagles..have been bought and made.
e. U.S. Mil. A device worn on the shoulder, indicating the rank of a colonel.
1861Army Regulations (U.S.) 485 Shoulder-Straps... For a Colonel—..a silver-embroidered spread eagle on the centre of the strap. 1865L. N. Boudrye Fifth N.Y. Cavalry 184 Col. Hull..was killed. He was a gallant young officer, who had but recently borne the eagle.
3. Applied to certain objects made in the form of an eagle; such as a brass (or wooden) lectern in a church; the ampulla containing the anointing oil used at coronations; a clasp for a belt, etc.
1766Entick London IV. 213 The reader's desk is an inclosure..in which is a..brass pillar supporting an eagle. 1820A. Taylor Glory of Regal. 61 A spoon into which the oil is poured from the beak of the eagle. 1836Parker Gloss. Archit. I. 287 A common form for brass lecterns..is that of an eagle..with wings expanded to receive the book. 1842Tennyson Godiva 43 She..Unclasp'd the wedded eagles of her belt. 1852Thackeray Esmond ii. vi, Mr. Tusher..read from the eagle.
4. The asterism Aquila, one of the northern constellations. † eagle-star, Altair or α Aquilæ.
1551Recorde Cast. Knowl. 264 Towarde the southe, is the Egle, includynge 9 starres. 1601Holland Pliny II. 522 From the Egle-star. 1868Lockyer Heavens (ed. 3) 329 In the west appears Altair, in the Eagle.
5. A coin bearing the image of the bird; spec. a coin of base metal current in England at the accession of Edward I; a gold coin of the United States, value ten dollars. double-eagle: a U.S. coin worth twenty dollars.
[c1350W. Hemingburgh Chronicon (1849) II. 187 Monetas..pessimi metalli, pollardorum, crocardorum..aquilarum, etc.] 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., He..decry'd the use of these Eagles, and other the like kinds of base coin. 1786in Amer. Museum (1789) II. 182 There shall be two gold coins; one..to be stamped with the impression of the American eagle, and to be called an eagle. 1789Gazette of U.S. (N.Y.) 14 July (Th.), The Eagle containing 10 dollars of 50d. is worth 2 guineas, and rather more. 1809T. G. Fessenden Pills Poetical 16 Were eagles, in embargo times, As plentiful as cents and dimes. 1816Niles' Weekly Reg. IX. 370/2 The president tendered several eagles in gold to cover the costs. a1850Rossetti Dante & Circ. i. (1874) 209 Quite a glut of eagle-pieces. 1854M. J. Holmes Tempest & Sunshine xiii. 84 At the same time managing to slip an eagle into the hands of the honest clerk. 1860Bartlett Dict. Amer. s.v., There are also double-eagles of twenty dollars, as well as half and quarter-eagles. 1905T. Dixon Clansman 139 A beggar asked him for a night's lodging, and he tossed him a gold eagle.
6. sea eagle:
†a. properly the White-tailed Eagle (Haliaëtus albicilla), which older writers confounded with the Osprey or so-called Fishing Eagle. Pennant, Brit. Zool. (1766) 140, refers to Sibbald as having applied this name to the Skua.
1766Pennant Brit. Zool. 63.
b. a species of Skate, Myliobates marginata. [So Fr. aigle de mer; see quot.]
1847Carpenter Zool. §584 The Myliobates receives its common name of Sea-eagle from having the pectoral fins of extreme breadth, so that it much resembles a bird of prey with its wings expanded.
†7. Arch. The gable of a house; the pediment of a temple. [transl. L. aquila, Gr. ἀετός, ἀέτωµα.]
1682Wheler Journ. Greece v. 360 The Figures of the Front, which the Antients called the Eagle. Ibid. 388 On the highest point of the Eagle is a broad Stone laid. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v.
†8. Cant. ‘The winning Gamester’ (New Cant. Dict. 1725). Obs.
9. Angling. A kind of artificial fly.
1867F. Francis Angling x. (1880) 360 There are two Eagles, the grey and yellow.
10. Comb.
a. attrib., as eagle-bark, eagle-claw, eagle-eye, eagle-flight, eagle-height, eagle-plume, eagle-plumage, eagle-radiance, eagle-speed, eagle-spirit, eagle-standard;
b. objective, as eagle-baffling adj., eagle-bearer;
c. parasynthetic deriv., as eagle-billed, eagle-pinioned, eagle-sighted, eagle-winged adjs.; eagle-like adj. and adv. Also eagle button, a button bearing the device of an eagle, eagle-cock, a weather-cock; eagle-fisher, the Osprey; † eagle-flower, the Balsam (Impatiens Balsamina); eagle-ray, -skate ( = sense 6 b); † eagle-wit, a person of penetrating intellect. Also eagle-eyed, -hawk, -owl, -stone.
1821Shelley Prometh. Unb. i. i. 20 This wall of *eagle-baffling mountain.
1875Browning Aristoph. Apol. Aiskhulos' bronze-throat *eagle-bark at blood.
1658Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 939 The mouth forked and *Eagle-bill'd.
1897J. L. Allen Choir Invis. ii. 15 As he joined them, three other young men—Federalists—sauntered past, wearing black cockades, with an *eagle button on the left side.
1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 195 *Eagle-claw trap.
1667E. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. i. iii. x. (1743) 213 On it was a Cross..and on that an *Eagle-cock of Copper gilt.
[1603Chettle, etc. Patient Grissil (1841) 12 Women have *eagle's eyes To pry even to the heart.] 1819J. Q. Adams in C. Davies Metr. Syst. iii. (1871) 120 The eagle eyes of informers.
1855Longfellow Hiaw. x. 145 Hiawatha..hardly touched his *eagle-feathers As he entered at the doorway.
1849C. St. John Tour Suthld. I. 24 A shepherd told us of a nest of the *Eagle Fisher.
1851Gallenga tr. Mariotti's Italy 337 *Eagle-flight of genius was out of the question with him.
1741Compl. Fam.-Piece ii. iii. 386 Trees and Shrubs which are now in Flower, as..Genistella, *Eagle Flower. 1786Chambers Cycl. (ed. Rees) s.v. Balsamine, The other [species] is from China..most commonly called the immortal eagle-flower.
1884Tennyson Becket 29 At such an *eagle-height I stand.
a1600J. Bryan Ps. cxxvii. in Farr S.P. 335 *Eagle-like his fame shall mount. a1626R. Harris Hezekiah's Recov. (1630) 29 Good men will bless God for an eagle-like body.
1800Burns Wks. III. 301 Dangers, *eagle-pinioned, bold, Soar around each cliffy hold.
1811Scott Don Roderick 28 Morena's *eagle-plume adorned his crest.
1813Scott Trierm. ii. ix, *Eagle-plumage deck'd her hair.
1717Fenton Poems 160 (Jod.) The nectar'd sweets supply *Eagle-radiance to the faded eye.
1856Gosse Marine Zool. ii. 151 Myliobatis (Cuv.) *Eagle Ray. Head projecting; pectorals extended like wings.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 226 What peremptory *Eagle-sighted eye Dares looke? 1637Heywood Roy. Kings i. i. Wks. 1874 VI. 7, I was borne Eagle-sighted, and to gaze In the Suns fore-head. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. ii. 113 S. John having written his Eagle-sighted Gospel.
1882St. James's Gaz. 15 Mar. 6/1 The formidable sting-ray, *eagle-skate, or thère.
1725Pope Odyss. i. 413 Abrupt, with *eagle-speed she cut the sky.
1817Byron Lament Tasso 2 *Eagle-spirit of a child of song.
1811Scott Don Roderick 42 On *eagle-standards and on arms he gazed.
1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. iii. 129 The *eagle-winged pride Of sky-aspiring and ambitious thoughts. 1675J. Smith Chr. Relig. Appeal ii. 12 The Eagle-wing'd Evangelist. 1864Pusey Lect. Daniel iii. 112 The eagle-winged lion of Daniel.
1665Glanvill Sceps. Sci. xx, 129 Aristotle would have fainted before he had flown half so far, as that *Eagle-wit [Descartes].
▪ II. eagle, v. nonce-wd.|ˈiːg(ə)l|
[f. the n.]
intr. To fly as an eagle. Also, to eagle it.
1652Benlowes Theoph. To my fancy, &c., Eagling 'bove transitory Sphears. 1868R. Buchanan Wallace i. ii, Thou'dst play the eagle in thy borrowed plumage; Whose are the feathers wherewith thou wouldst eagle it?
Restrict nonce-wd. to sense in Dict. and add: 2. trans. Golf. To play (a hole) in two under the par score. Cf. eagle n. 1 d.
1953Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang (1954) §712/5 Play under or over par, spec. birdie, buzzard, eagle,..to make a ‘birdie’ &c. a1961in Webster Eagled the 510-yard par five 13th hole. 1968B. Hackett Truth about Golf 122 He knew he might get on in two and possibly eagle the hole. 1977N.Y. Times 4 Aug. d14/4 Miss Austin..eagled the 10th and 16th holes. 1991Times 16 Apr. 36/7 He eagled the 13th and 15th to share the lead with Woosnam. |