| 释义 |
mandatory, a. and n.|ˈmændətərɪ|
[ad. late L. mandātōrius, f. mandātor: see prec.]
A. adj.
a. Of the nature of, pertaining to, or conveying a command or mandate.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. B iv b, An epistle hortatorie, accusatorie,..mandatorie. a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. vii. iii. §1 A superiority of power mandatory, judicial, and coercive over other Ministers. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xv. §115. 801 Mandatory letters were sent by King Charles into Picardy, to put all places that held for him in those quarters into Henries possession. a1680Charnock Attrib. God (1834) I. 727 We behold, in the life of Christ, a conformity to the Mandatory part of the law. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 358 Of a Mandatory Writ, in Latin stiled a Mandamus. Ibid., Several Mandatory Writs have been granted. 1863H. Cox Instit. iii. viii. 716 A mandatory writ was issued to a serjeant-at-arms. 1900Wyndham Sp. Ho. Comm. 15 Feb., The proposals..were enabling and not mandatory. 1966Listener 15 Dec. 880/1 Mr. George Brown..puts Britain's case for mandatory sanctions to Security Council. 1972Soviet Weekly 26 Feb. 1 Each delegation has one vote, and only unanimous decisions are mandatory. 1972Incorporated Linguist XI. 36 For further education, postgraduate training is not mandatory, but there is much to be said for it.
b. Of actions: Obligatory in consequence of a command. Const. upon.
1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. ix. 696 The regular communication to the councils of all correspondence was rendered mandatory upon the Governor-General. 1891Boston Daily Globe 24 Mar. 5/6 The bill makes it mandatory upon the judge to impose a fine of $500.
c. spec. Designating a power or state in receipt of a mandate from the League of Nations, or the system of rule by mandate. Cf. mandate n. 4 b.
1921First Assembly (League of Nations Union) 260 The Commission shall examine the annual reports of the Mandatory States and advise the Council as to the execution of the terms of the Mandates. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXX. 509/1 Under the Peace of Versailles a new form of colonial possession came into being... The ‘mandatory’ system was..evolved. 1930[see incident n.1 1 b]. 1946Ann. Reg. 1945 167 The compromise eventually adopted required the Mandatory Powers to express their willingness to place the territories for which they were responsible under the Trusteeship system. 1950M. Hay Foot of Pride ix. 269 ‘It will be interesting,’ wrote C. R. Ashbee, civil adviser of the mandatory administration, in 1922, ‘to watch..the inevitable failure of the Rutenberg scheme.’ 1958Listener 21 Aug. 273/1 An underground organisation [in Palestine]..directed against Britain, the mandatory power. 1974Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VI. 558/1 Exercise of the mandates was supervised by the League's Permanent Mandates Commission, but the commission had no real way of enforcing its will on a mandatory power.
B. n.
a. One to whom a mandate is given; = mandatary.
1661Fell in Hammond's Wks. (1674) I. Life 14 [The Visitors] sending their mandatory with a Musquetier to Dr. Hammond's lodging, commanded him to appear before them. 1711Hickes Two Treat. Chr. Priesth. (1847) ii. 17 A priest..is an advocate, mediator, intercessor,..vicegerent, mandatory, interpellant. 1795tr. Mercier's Fragm. Pol. & Hist. I. 432 The monarch with the mandatories of his Supreme, tutelar and beneficent, authority. 1833Alison Hist. Europe (1849–50) II. vii. §70. 182 If the people are violently alarmed, is it the part of their mandatories to refuse to hear them? 1842McGlashan Sheriff Crts. Scot. §582. 153 The mandatory to be sisted must be a responsible person. 1862Act 25 & 26 Vict. c. 97 §20 To nominate..any person as the mandatory of such..proprietor, to attend, act, and vote at any meeting. 1898Bodley France I. i. ii. 141 Ecclesiastics regard themselves sometimes as the mandatories of a foreign potentate.
¶b. Used for mandate.
c. Something with the function of commanding.
1839James Louis XIV, II. 340 A Mandatory..was issued..by Masaniello, requiring every citizen to take arms. 1865Bushnell Vicar. Sacr. iii. iv. (1866) 249 In itself, what we call law is impersonal, a cold mandatory of abstraction.
d. spec. A power or state in receipt of a mandate from the League of Nations to administer and develop a territory (in quot. 1927, the territory assigned in this way).
1919League of Nations Covenant Art. xxii, The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory. 1927Daily Express 24 May 3 A memorandum issued by the Arab Executive (Nationalists)..accuses Great Britain of ignoring the covenant principle to assist mandatories to become self-governing. 1928Manch. Guardian Weekly 8 June 443/3 He adopts quite frankly the very contestable position that sovereignty over the mandated territory belongs solely to the mandatory. 1936V. Margueritte League Fiasco ii. 83 The Mandates Commission, consisting of nine members, would have nothing to do but examine the annual reports submitted by the mandatories. 1937H. F. Angus Probl. Peaceful Change Pacific Area iii. 155 It was assumed that whichever of these countries acted as mandatory would do more for the interests of native populations than had been done by their predecessor. |