| 释义 |
caliph, calif|ˈkælɪf, ˈkeɪlɪf|
Forms: 5 calyphee, -iffe, -yffe(e, 5–7 caliphe, 6 calipha, 7 chalif, -iph, 7– calif, 8– khalif, caliph.
[ME. califfe, caliphe, etc., a. F. caliphe, calife, ad. med.L. calīpha, ad. Arab. khalīfah, successor (f. khalafa to succeed, be behind), assumed by Abu-bekr after the death of Muhammad. Later forms attach themselves more directly to the Arabic: orientalists now favour Khalîf. The pronunciation with long ā (eɪ) is not justifiable.]
The title given in Muslim countries to the chief civil and religious ruler, as successor of Muhammad.
1393Gower Conf. I. 245 Ayein the caliphe of Egipte. c1400Mandeville v. 36 Sahaladyn that toke the Califfe of Egypte and slough him. Ibid. xxi. 230 The Calyphee of Baldah. 1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1594) 597 The Caliphaes of the Sarasins were kings & chiefe bishops. Ibid. 754 Called by the calipha and inhabitants of Caire. 1613Purchas Pilgr. I. i. xiii. 63 The story of this Bagded or Baldach and her Chalifs [also written chalipha]. 1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. 199 The state of the Caliphe. 1615Bedwell Arab. Trudg., One of the Chalifs. 1734G. Sale Koran Prelim. Disc. 181 The third Khalif of the race of al Abbâs. 1758Johnson Idler No. 101 ⁋1 The favour of three successive califs. 1784Henley in Beckford's Vathek (1868) 123 note, Caliph..comprehends the concrete character of prophet, priest, and king. 1837Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) III. 228 The califs of Bagdad. 1849W. Irving Mahomed's Success. ii, He contented himself..with the modest title of Caliph, that is to say, successor, by which the Arab sovereigns have ever since been designated. |