| 释义 |
▪ I. chide, v.|tʃaɪd|
Pa. tense chid |tʃɪd|; pa. pple. chid, chidden |ˈtʃɪd(ə)n|. Forms: 1 cídan, 3–5 chiden, (4–6 chyde(n, 5 chyte), 4– chide. For inflexions see below.
[OE. cíd-an wk. vb.: not known in the other Teutonic langs.
The original inflexions were: pa. tense OE. cídde, ME. chidd(e, chid, mod. chid; pa. pple. OE. cíded, cidd, cid, ME. chidd(e, chid, mod. chid; but in 5–6 chode, chidden formed on the analogy of the strong verbs (e.g. ride), came into partial use, and chidden at least is still common; chided is occasional in modern writers. (OE. and ME. contracted the 3rd pers. pres. indic. as cít, chit.)]
1. intr. To give loud or impassioned utterance to anger, displeasure, disapprobation, reproof.
†a. To contend with loud and angry altercation; to brawl, wrangle. Obs.
c1000ælfric Exod. xxi. 18 Gif men cidaþ. c1050Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 347 Altercaretur, cidde. c1205Lay. 8149 Heo bigunnen to chiden. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2722 He saȝ chiden in ðe wey two egypcienis, modi & strong. c1340Cursor M. 6681 (Trin.) If two chide [earlier texts, flite] & þat oon þe toþer smyte. c1460Towneley Myst. 115 We wille nawther..Fyght nor chyte. 1483Cath. Angl. 63/1 To chyde, litigare..ubi, to flyte. 1552Act 5 & 6 Edw. VI, c. 4 §1 Yf anye person..shall..by wordes onelye quarrell, chyde or brawle in any Churche or Churcheyarde. 1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 329 They did chide and brawl so long till they fell together by the ears.
†b. To give loud and angry expression to dissatisfaction and displeasure; to scold. Obs.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 113 Crist nalde flitan ne chidan. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8024 He chydde & made hym wroþ. 1340Ayenb. 67 Þe ilke þet ne dar ansuerye ne chide..he beginþ to grochi betuene his teþ. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. i. 191 Chewen heore charite and chiden after more. c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 368 Whan that oure pot is broke..Every man chyt. c1440York Myst. xxvi. 180 Þou chaterist like a churle þat can chyde. 1529More Comf. agst. Trib. ii. Wks. 1187/2 Other folk..had a good sporte to heare her chide. 17..Swift Lett. (1766) II. 293, I am confident you came chiding into the world, and will continue so while you are in it.
c. To scold by way of rebuke or reproof; in later usage, often merely, to utter rebuke.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 224 Ich cam noȝt to chiden. 1535Coverdale Ps. cii[i]. 9 He wil not allwaye be chydinge. 1660Milton Sonn. xiv, To serve therewith my Maker, and present My true account, lest he, returning, chide. 1764Goldsm. Hermit xxxvii, The wondering fair one turned to chide. a1839Praed Poems (1864) I. 301 To smile on me, to speak to me, to flatter or to chide.
d. fig. Applied to sounds which suggest angry vehemence: as the yelping of hounds in ‘cry’, the querulous notes of quails, ‘brawling’ of a torrent, angry blast of the wind, etc.
15942nd Rep. Faustus xxii. in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) III. 397 His javelin..being denied entrance, for very anger, rent itself in forty pieces, and chid in the air. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 27 Partridges..flie chiding about the vine⁓yards. 1620Melton Astrolog. 3 The lowdest storme that could ever chide. 1820Keats Eve St. Agnes iv, The silver snarling trumpets 'gan to chide.
†2. Const.
a. In OE. construed with dative of personal object, in sense ‘to rebuke’; later, with various preps., esp. at; hence by levelling of dat. and acc. the trans. sense 3. Obs.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Mark i. 25 Ða cydde se hælend him. c1160Hatton G. ibid., Þa kydde se hælend hym. 1393Gower Conf. I. 295 If..thou at any time hast chid Toward thy love. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 132 You chide at him, offending twice as much. 1591― Two Gent. ii. i. 78 You chidde at Sir Protheus, for going vngarter'd.
†b. with with: To complain aloud against (so later, to chide against); to quarrel or dispute angrily with; to have altercation with. Obs.
a1000Thorpe Hom. I. 96 (Bosw.) Cide he wið God. c1175Lamb. Hom. 103 Þe mon sorȝeð..and chit þenne wið gode. a1250Owl & Night. 287 Ne lust me wit the screwen chide. a1300Cursor M. 12972 (Cott.) Yeitt can þat chinche wit godd to chide. 1382Wyclif Judg. xxi. 22 Whanne the faders of hem comen and aȝens ȝou bigynnen to pleyne and chiden. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 21 She..chidde with hym afore alle the peple. 1513Douglas æneis viii. Prol. 126 Churle, ga chat the and chyd with ane vther. 1535Coverdale Gen. xxxi. 36 And Iacob was wroth, and chode with Laban [so 1611]. 1611Bible Ex. xvii. 2 Why chide you with mee? 1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 329 To chide or quarrel with one. 1869Spurgeon J. Ploughm. Talk 6 We have a stiff bit of soil to plough when we chide with sluggards.
3. a. trans. To address (a person) in terms of reproof or blame: in earlier use implying loud vehemence, to ‘scold’; in later use often little more than ‘reprove, rebuke’. (The main modern use, but now chiefly literary, and somewhat archaic).
This comes down directly from the OE. const. with the dative, which may still be valid for early ME. examples. The later examples show modern instances of inflected forms.
c1230Hali Meid. 31 Chit te & cheopeð þe & schent te schomeliche. a1250Owl & Night. 1329 Ah ȝet thu, fule thing, me chist. c1340Cursor M. 13867 (Trin.) For iewes so had him chid. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 35 Þere Dunston was strongliche despised and i-ched. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy ii. xii, Ye shall heare anone how that he chit The quene Heleyne. 1557K. Arthur (W. Copland) vii. vi, Euer she chode him and wolde not rest. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 410 Thou wilt be horrible chidde to morrow. 1629J. Cole Of Death 32 Peevish children, who..are but chidden in their first schoole. 1646Sir R. Murray in Hamilton Papers (Camden 1880) 108 You encourage me..when I should rather be chid for it. 1720Gay Poems (1745) II. 64 The Priest..First chid her, then her sins remitted. 1751Johnson Rambl. No. 182 ⁋5 Having chidden her for undutifulness. 1791Cowper Iliad xvii. 520 He stroked them gently and as oft he chode. 1847Tennyson Princ. vi. 271 Kiss and be friends, like children being chid! 1848A. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. Introd. (1863) 40 The monks have been sorely chidden for [this]. 1861P. Young Daily Readings II. 298 Our Lord..chode them for their want of faith. 1865Meredith Rhoda Fleming I. x. 164 The farmer chid her. 1870Bryant Iliad I. iv. 121 Atrides..spake and chid them. 1879Beerbohm Patagonia vi. 97, I have never seen a child chided or remonstrated with. 1885Mrs. Campbell Praed Head Station xxiii, Mrs. Clephane..chided Jinks. 1897Daily News 15 Apr. 6/3 We..notice with interest that Mr. Meredith, after vacillating in former editions between ‘chid’ and ‘chidded’, has now resolved that the past tense of ‘to chide’ is ‘chided’. 1925C. S. Durrant Flem. Mystics & Eng. Martyrs i. x. 146 Margaret..quietly chode her elder.
b. fig. and transf. To scold, rebuke, or find fault with (a thing, an action, etc.).
c1386Chaucer Nun's Pr. T. 531 The Friday for to chiden..(For on a Fryday sothly slayn was he). 1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. ii. 200 Wee haue chid the hasty footed time, For parting vs. 1606― Tr. & Cr. ii. iii. 221 The Rauen chides blacknesse. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 150 He chid their wanderings, but relieved their pain. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. I. xi. 303 The emperor..chided the tardiness of the senate. 1860Card. Wiseman Past. Lett. 25 Mar. 20 Could that power have been reproved, chided, and even corrected..by so dependent an authority? 1865Swinburne Poems & Ball., Ilicet 137 Before their eyes all life stands chidden.
c. Said of hounds, brawling streams, etc.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. i. 1 His angry steede did chide his foming bitt. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. i. 45 The Sea That chides the Bankes of England. 1697Dryden Virg. Eclog. v. 132 Streams that..the scarce cover'd Pebbles gently chide. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. viii, The baffled dogs..Chiding the rocks that yell'd again.
4. With adv. or advb. compl.: To drive, impel, or compel by chiding.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. ii. 312 He hath chid me hence. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Church Militant 105 He chid the Church away. 1634Milton Comus 258 Scylla..chid her barking waves into attention. 1643J. Angier Lanc. Vall. Achor 29 This seasonable check chode us to duty. 1738Wesley Hymns, ‘Triumphal Notes’ ii, Thy Word bids Winds and Waves be still, And chides them into Rest. 1836Emerson Nature, Lit. Ethics Wks. (Bohn) II. 219 Be neither chided nor flattered out of your position.
▪ II. chide, n.
[f. prec. vb. OE. had ᵹecíd.]
†1. Chiding; quarrelling, wrangling. Obs.
c1325Body & Soul in Map's Poems (1841) 342 Mid me to holde chide and cheste.
†2. An angry rebuke, a reproof. Obs. or arch.
1538G. Browne To Ld. Cromwell in Phenix I. 123 The prior and the Dean..heed not my words: therefore send..a chide to them and their Canons. 1666Bunyan Grace Ab. ⁋174 A kind of chide for my proneness to desperation.
3. transf. ‘Brawling’ (of streams). rare.
1730Thomson Autumn 1265 The chide of streams And hum of bees. |