| 释义 |
▪ I. clow, n.1|klaʊ|
Forms: α. 3 (dat.) cluse, 5–6 clowse, clowze, clouse, pl. clousis, clowses, 9 dial. cloose. β. pl. 5 clowys, 6– clowes, 9 cloughs; sing. 5 clowe, 7–9 clow, 8–9 clough; dial. clow, clew.
[Clow is a false singular formed upon clowes, clowis, taken in 15–16th c. for a plural, but originally a singular, in ME. clowse, clowze, early ME. cluse, OE. clúse, a. late L. clūsa, var. of clausa, lit. a closed or shut place or way. Du Cange has, among other senses, ‘agger in quo concluduntur aquæ’. Hence, also, OHG. chlûsa, MHG. klûse, klûs, mod.Ger. klause, in Bavaria and Tirôl, a dam on a mountain stream for floating timber; klaus, in Rhineland, a mill-dam, also dial. a sluice. So MDu. clûse, Du. kluis.
The OE. clús, clúse, is recorded in the senses ‘enclosure’, ‘narrow pass’, but not in that of ‘dam’, ‘lock’, or ‘sluice’, though ‘dam’ appears already in Ancren Riwle in 13th c. In the 18th c. clow began to be erroneously spelt clough, by engineers, etc., either through erroneous identification with clough n. ‘ravine’, or by association with plow, plough. In some of the dialect glossaries it is spelt clew, meaning |kluː|. An unexplained clowre, cloor, is found in Catholicon Anglicum, and northern dialects.
A compound of L. clūsa was exclūsa (in Gregory of Tours; in med.L. sclūsa, slūsa), giving OF. escluse, F. écluse. Hence Sc. cluss, clush; OF. gave MDu. sluyse, Du. sluys, whence Eng. sluice, LG. slüse, Ger. schleuse. Thus clows and sluice are ultimately closely related.]
1.
†a. A dam for water, a mill-dam. ? Obs.
b. A sluice or floodgate: ‘esp. (a) The outfall sluice of a river or drain communicating with a tidal river and provided with flood-gates’. (b) ‘A shuttle in the gates or masonry of a lock, which is raised to admit or discharge water; a similar arrangement by which the admission of water to the wheels of water-mills is regulated’. Peacock Gloss. Manley and Corringham (N. W. Lincoln.).
(α) cluse, clouse, clowze.
a1225Ancr. R. 72 Auh moni punt hire worde uorte leten mo vt as me deð water et ter mulne cluse. c1440Promp. Parv. 84 Clowys, water schedynge [c 1490 MS. K. clowse, watyrkepyng; MS. H. clowze; 1499 Pynson, clowse, water shettinge], sinoglocitorium. 1493Acta Dom. Conc. 314 (Jam.) Tuiching the watter passagis & clousis of thar millis. 1503Act Jas. IV, c. 72 (1597) 93 The slayers of Smoltes in milne-dames, clowses, and be nettes, thornes, and cruves. 1595Duncan Append. Etymol. (E.D.S.), Emissarium, a clowse. 1875Cloose [See β].
(β) pl. clowes, clows, sing. clowe, clow.
1483Cath. Angl. 68/2 A clowe of flodeȝate, singlocitorium, gurgustium. 1541Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 33 Diches and bankes, as of other clowes, sloweses, getties, gutters, gootes, and other fortresses. 1615N. Riding Rec. II. 103 Ric. Cuthbert presented for pulling-up the mill-clowes. 1662Dugdale Embanking & Draining (1772) 165 A new gote, or clow, be set in Waynflet haven. 1693Diary A. de la Pryme (1869) 272 It..runs into the sea..when the clow is opened. 1705Sir W. Calverley Note-bk. (Surtees) 106 Thomas Haighton..pulled down a stone or two of the clow, and one or two of the stones of the dam. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) II. 435 Proper to have a flood-hatch or clow. 1862Smiles Engineers I. 70 Vermuyden had erected a sluice, of the nature of a ‘clow’, being a strong gate suspended by hinges, which opened to admit the egress of the inland waters at low tide, and closed..when the tide rose. 1869R. B. Peacock Lonsdale Gloss., Clauw, a floodgate in a watercourse. 1875Lanc. Gloss., Claw (Fylde), cleaw (S. & E. Lanc.), cloose (N. Lanc.), clow (E. & M. Lanc.), a floodgate in a watercourse. 1884Holland Chester Gloss., Clew, a door or lid hung at the end of a drain or water⁓course to prevent the influx of tidal water.
(γ) 8– clough.
1774Bainton Inclos. Act 12 Banks, cloughs, engines. 1839Stonehouse Axholme 377 Here also the Croule warping cloughs..receive their waters from the Trent. 1865W. White E. Eng. II. 6 Clough—pronounced with the same terminal sound as plough—is the local word for Sluicegate. 1884York Herald 26 Aug. 1/2 The Cloughs at Naburn Lock will be drawn at six o'clock in the morning.
(δ) 5 clowre(?), 9 dial. cloor.
1483Cath. Angl. 68 A Clowe of flodeȝete [A Clowre or flodȝate A.]. 1847–78Halliwell, Cloor, a sluice. Northumb. 1878Cumberland Gloss., Cloor-head, a sluice at the head of a mill-dam.
2. A sluice or sliding door for other purposes.
1820W. Scoresby Arctic Reg. II. 399 A ‘fenk-back’ or depository for the refuse of the blubber..sometimes provided with a clough on the side next the water, for ‘starting’ the fenks into a barge or lighter placed below. 1874W. Crookes Dyeing, etc. 84 By stirring up the wool in a tank..the water being let off through a ‘clow’ or shuttle, furnished with a grating, at the bottom of the vat.
3. floating clow (clough): a name sometimes given to a contrivance for clearing away mud from channels communicating with tidal rivers (e.g. the Humber, where the local name is ‘Devil’). It resembles a broad barge, with extensible wings which act as floodgates, and retain a head of water, by which it is forced down the channel, ploughing or scraping up the mud as it goes along.
1874in Knight Mech. Dict.
▪ II. † clow, n.2 Obs. rare.
[? a. F. clou.]
? A nail.
1419Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 144 In ij clowys et j sote emt. pro emendacione in diversis domibus.
▪ III. clow, n.3 local.
[perh. a var. of claw.]
An implement resembling a dung-fork with the prongs bent at right angles, used for dragging dung out of cow-stalls.
1888Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk.
Hence clow v.2, to drag or rake with a clow.
▪ IV. † clow, v.1 Obs. rare.
[a. F. clouer to nail.]
By-form of cloy v. in various literal senses: To fasten with nails; to wound with a nail; to spike.
1513Douglas æneis v. v. 30 Ane habirgeoun of burnist mailzeis brycht, Wyth gold ourgilt clowit thrynfald full tycht. 1598Florio, Inchiodare, to clow or pricke a horse with a naile..to clow ordinance. Inchiodatura, a pricking or clowing of a horse with a naile, called a clowing. 1847–78Halliwell, Clow, to nail with clouts. West.
▪ V. clow
obs. f. claw, clew. |