infideln.adj.

/ˈɪnfɪdəl/

Forms: Middle English–1500s infydele, (Middle English yn-), -fidele, 1500s infydel(l, infidell, infedel, 1500s–1600s infidell, 1500s– infidel.

Etymology: < Old French infidèle (15–16th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < Latin infidēlis unfaithful, (in ecclesiastical writers) unbelieving, < in- (in- prefix⁴) + fidēlis faithful, fidele adj.

A. n.

†1. One who does not believe in (what the speaker holds to be) the true religion; an ‘unbeliever’. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 2 Cor. vi. 15 What parte hath he that beleveth with an infidele? [So all 16–17th c. versions; Wyclif (1382) with vnfeithful, or hethene, (1388) the vnfeithful; 1881 R.V. an unbeliever].

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Tim. v. 8 The same denyeth the fayth, and is worsse then an infydell [so all 16th c. versions; Wyclif (1388) an vnfeithful man; R.V. an unbeliever].

2. In specific applications:

a. From a Christian point of view: An adherent of a religion opposed to Christianity; esp. a Muslim, a Saracen (the earliest sense in English); also (more rarely), applied to a Jew, or a pagan. Now chiefly Historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person

heathenc1000

Saracenc1250

payenc1275

paynimc1300

wanbody1303

payemec1330

idolaterc1380

gentilea1382

idolasterc1386

miscreantc1400

mammeter?a1425

paganc1440

infidel1470

ethnic?a1475

image server1531

serve-image1531

heathenista1556

image-worshipper1563

Kaffir1577

giaour1589

Baalista1603

idolant1605

idolatress1613

idolist1614

idololatera1641

iconolater1654

Baalite1656

iconodulist1716

irreligionista1779

neopagan1868

iconodule1893

witch1958

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur v. ii Two honderd sarasyns or Infydeles.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. v If any thynge be done to honoure of the Cristen, and reproche of Infydelys, it is most lykely to be done by vs.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xxiij^v The Moores or Mawritane nacion, beyng infideles and vnchristened people.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Celebr. Holye Communion f. lii Haue mercy vpon all Jewes, Turkes, Infidels, and heretikes.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 331 A Daniell Iew, now infidell I haue you on the hip.

1677 W. Hubbard Narrative (1865) I. 98 Finding no Indians, so secure were they, that they ventured along further to find the Infidels at their chief Town.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 113 Propagating the Christian Faith among Infidels.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 205 His services..gave the infidels possession of Spain.

1847 L. H. Kerr tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Servia 14 He..did not hesitate to call even infidels—the Osmanli Turks..to his assistance.

b. From a non-Christian (esp. Jewish or Muslim) point of view: = Gentile, Giaour, etc.

ΚΠ

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. xvi. sig. D.iii^v [Solomon] taking to wife among other, such as were infidels.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 301 The Meizin..prayeth God to inspire the Christians, Jewes, Greekes, and generally all Infidels to turne to their Law.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 221 I sought to wed, The daughter of an Infidel .

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 62 A slave, among Muslims, is either a person taken captive in war, or carried off by force, and being at the time of capture an infidel.

3. A disbeliever in religion or divine revelation generally; especially one in a Christian land who professedly rejects or denies the divine origin and authority of Christianity; a professed unbeliever. Usually a term of opprobrium.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > atheism > [noun] > person

wanbelieverc1440

unbeliever1526

infidela1530

nullifidian1564

atheist1571

sceptic1638

disbeliever1648

non-believer1649

scorner1651

scoffer1691

sceptic-Christian1711

nothingarian1776

nothingist1797

no-religionist1827

nihilist1854

netheist1855

non-theist1857

agnostic1869

nescient1872

post-Christian1886

bush baptist1902

no-Goddite1952

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxviii^v I shall not syt with wycked infydeles that hath no fayth.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Infydele, atheos.

1625 T. Jackson Treat. Originall of Vnbeliefe v. §1 Every atheist is an infidel; so is not every infidel an atheist.

1630 W. Prynne Anti-Arminianisme 132 There are many Infidels, and vnbeleeuers in the world who haue no faith at all.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 111. ⁋4 I love to consider an Infidel, whether distinguished by the Title of Deist, Atheist, or Free-thinker.

1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxviii. 311 Some men are bigoted in politics who are infidels in religion.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 335 He not only peremptorily affirms the reality of witches, but he says that those who deny their existence are not merely infidels but atheists.

4. In general sense: One who does not believe in something specified; an unbeliever. Const. in, †to, †against. (Frequently figurative from sense A. 3).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > disbelief, incredulity > [noun] > one who disbelieves

denierc1475

deneger1583

incredule1599

infidel1606

disbeliever1648

exploder1659

inconvincible1845

1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. lxxxviii. 359 Not to be Fortunes Infidels, but better times to hope.

1716 J. Addison Freeholder No. 14. ⁋4 A Tory, who is the greatest Believer in what is improbable, is the greatest Infidel in what is certain.

1720 Hist. Life & Adventures D. Campbell (1841) 44 If many do remain infidels to my relations.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa III. xii. 87 She must be an infidel against all reason and appearances, if I don't [banish even the shadow of mistrust from her heart].

1858 N. Hawthorne Fr. & Ital. Jrnls. II. 12 Spiritual communications, as regards which Mrs. Browning is a believer, and her husband an infidel.

1884 World 20 Aug. 5/1 The truth is that [he] is a political infidel.

†5. A person who is unfaithful to some duty. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use, with allusion to 1 Timothy v. 8: see sense A. 1

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > undutifulness > undutiful person > [noun]

transfuge1548

defaulter?1592

transfuger1611

defector1615

infidel1655

turn-away1688

short-comer1865

defectant1874

derelict1888

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > unfaithfulness > [noun] > person

falsea1400

infidel1655

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. v. 235 One so faithfull to his Servants, cannot be suspected for an Infidel in not providing for his family, of his own children.

B. adj. (including appositive or attributive uses of the substantive.)

a. Of persons: Unbelieving; adhering to a false religion; pagan, heathen, etc. (Cf. the noun.)

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [adjective]

heathenishc893

heathen971

misbelievedc1225

Barbarya1300

payenc1300

miscreantc1330

paynimc1330

uncircumcideda1382

uncircumciseda1400

gentilec1400

heathenly1415

paganismc1425

profanec1450

pagan1464

ethnical?a1475

payemec1480

miscredentc1500

heathenish1535

whorish1535

ethnic1542

ethnish1542

idolous1546

mammetrous1546

gentilish1550

idolatrous?1550

idololatrical1550

infidel1551

idolatrical1556

gentilical1573

paganical?1573

idolish1577

heatheny1580

irreligious1585

paganish1589

gentilic1603

idolaster1608

gentilitious1613

heathenous1613

idolatrizing1614

image-worshipping1621

misreligious1623

Mahounda1625

gentilizing1637

idololatrousa1641

infidelious1648

Baalitical1652

national1661

idolatric1669

paganic1676

gentilized1684

Baalish1690

idololatrica1711

infidelical1802

semi-fidel1834

Greekish1851

paganistic1853

unselect1882

goyish1888

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccliv. (1482) 328 The Cyte of Constantynople..was taken by the turkes infydeles.]

1551 T. Cranmer Answer S. Gardiner 369 You haue written what you dreamed in your sleape, rather then what you learned of any author catholyke or infidele.

1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. iv. §16. 66 Saint Paul..reprehends the Corinthians..for going to Law one with another before infidell Judges.

1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. May (1965) I. 408 Her Infidel Lover was..fond of her.

1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 14 Are there..No infidel children to impale on spears?

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 26 Desiring her to go to the infidel King.

†b. Incredulous, sceptical. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > disbelief, incredulity > [adjective]

unlevefulOE

unleveOE

misbelievedc1225

untristc1374

unlevablea1382

incredulec1550

uncredible1553

incredible1557

incredulous1578

infidel1607

unbelieving1616

inconvincible1674

unconvinced1675

unconvinciblea1747

misbelievinga1845

unconvinceable1875

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 639 Wonders in our owne nation..for which other nations account vs as great liers..as these infidell fooles..do them.

1714 T. Hearne Ductor Historicus (ed. 3) I. iii. 400 Of their Skil in Magick much is spoken in Ancient Writers; but for our part we are Infidel as to that Power, and therefore shall pass it over.

2. Of things, actions, views, etc.: Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, infidels or infidelity.

ΚΠ

1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the First 7 Why wanders wretched Thought their tombs around, In infidel distress?

1773 E. Burke Speech on Toleration Bill in Writings & Speeches (1981) II. 473 The author who has collected in a body the whole of the infidel Code.

1785 W. Cowper Task i. 740 Through profane and infidel contempt Of holy writ.

1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 257 The clergy complain of the enormous spread of bold books, from the infidel tract to the latest handling of the miracle question.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	infidel
释义	infideln.adj. /ˈɪnfɪdəl/ Forms: Middle English–1500s infydele, (Middle English yn-), -fidele, 1500s infydel(l, infidell, infedel, 1500s–1600s infidell, 1500s– infidel. Etymology: < Old French infidèle (15–16th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < Latin infidēlis unfaithful, (in ecclesiastical writers) unbelieving, < in- (in- prefix⁴) + fidēlis faithful, fidele adj. A. n. †1. One who does not believe in (what the speaker holds to be) the true religion; an ‘unbeliever’. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 2 Cor. vi. 15 What parte hath he that beleveth with an infidele? [So all 16–17th c. versions; Wyclif (1382) with vnfeithful, or hethene, (1388) the vnfeithful; 1881 R.V. an unbeliever]. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Tim. v. 8 The same denyeth the fayth, and is worsse then an infydell [so all 16th c. versions; Wyclif (1388) an vnfeithful man; R.V. an unbeliever]. 2. In specific applications: a. From a Christian point of view: An adherent of a religion opposed to Christianity; esp. a Muslim, a Saracen (the earliest sense in English); also (more rarely), applied to a Jew, or a pagan. Now chiefly Historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person heathenc1000 Saracenc1250 payenc1275 paynimc1300 wanbody1303 payemec1330 idolaterc1380 gentilea1382 idolasterc1386 miscreantc1400 mammeter?a1425 paganc1440 infidel1470 ethnic?a1475 image server1531 serve-image1531 heathenista1556 image-worshipper1563 Kaffir1577 giaour1589 Baalista1603 idolant1605 idolatress1613 idolist1614 idololatera1641 iconolater1654 Baalite1656 iconodulist1716 irreligionista1779 neopagan1868 iconodule1893 witch1958 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur v. ii Two honderd sarasyns or Infydeles. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. v If any thynge be done to honoure of the Cristen, and reproche of Infydelys, it is most lykely to be done by vs. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xxiij^v The Moores or Mawritane nacion, beyng infideles and vnchristened people. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Celebr. Holye Communion f. lii Haue mercy vpon all Jewes, Turkes, Infidels, and heretikes. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 331 A Daniell Iew, now infidell I haue you on the hip. View more context for this quotation 1677 W. Hubbard Narrative (1865) I. 98 Finding no Indians, so secure were they, that they ventured along further to find the Infidels at their chief Town. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 113 Propagating the Christian Faith among Infidels. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 205 His services..gave the infidels possession of Spain. 1847 L. H. Kerr tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Servia 14 He..did not hesitate to call even infidels—the Osmanli Turks..to his assistance. b. From a non-Christian (esp. Jewish or Muslim) point of view: = Gentile, Giaour, etc. ΚΠ a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. xvi. sig. D.iii^v [Solomon] taking to wife among other, such as were infidels. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 301 The Meizin..prayeth God to inspire the Christians, Jewes, Greekes, and generally all Infidels to turne to their Law. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 221 I sought to wed, The daughter of an Infidel . View more context for this quotation 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 62 A slave, among Muslims, is either a person taken captive in war, or carried off by force, and being at the time of capture an infidel. 3. A disbeliever in religion or divine revelation generally; especially one in a Christian land who professedly rejects or denies the divine origin and authority of Christianity; a professed unbeliever. Usually a term of opprobrium. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > atheism > [noun] > person wanbelieverc1440 unbeliever1526 infidela1530 nullifidian1564 atheist1571 sceptic1638 disbeliever1648 non-believer1649 scorner1651 scoffer1691 sceptic-Christian1711 nothingarian1776 nothingist1797 no-religionist1827 nihilist1854 netheist1855 non-theist1857 agnostic1869 nescient1872 post-Christian1886 bush baptist1902 no-Goddite1952 a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxviii^v I shall not syt with wycked infydeles that hath no fayth. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Infydele, atheos. 1625 T. Jackson Treat. Originall of Vnbeliefe v. §1 Every atheist is an infidel; so is not every infidel an atheist. 1630 W. Prynne Anti-Arminianisme 132 There are many Infidels, and vnbeleeuers in the world who haue no faith at all. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 111. ⁋4 I love to consider an Infidel, whether distinguished by the Title of Deist, Atheist, or Free-thinker. 1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxviii. 311 Some men are bigoted in politics who are infidels in religion. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 335 He not only peremptorily affirms the reality of witches, but he says that those who deny their existence are not merely infidels but atheists. 4. In general sense: One who does not believe in something specified; an unbeliever. Const. in, †to, †against. (Frequently figurative from sense A. 3). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > disbelief, incredulity > [noun] > one who disbelieves denierc1475 deneger1583 incredule1599 infidel1606 disbeliever1648 exploder1659 inconvincible1845 1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. lxxxviii. 359 Not to be Fortunes Infidels, but better times to hope. 1716 J. Addison Freeholder No. 14. ⁋4 A Tory, who is the greatest Believer in what is improbable, is the greatest Infidel in what is certain. 1720 Hist. Life & Adventures D. Campbell (1841) 44 If many do remain infidels to my relations. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa III. xii. 87 She must be an infidel against all reason and appearances, if I don't [banish even the shadow of mistrust from her heart]. 1858 N. Hawthorne Fr. & Ital. Jrnls. II. 12 Spiritual communications, as regards which Mrs. Browning is a believer, and her husband an infidel. 1884 World 20 Aug. 5/1 The truth is that [he] is a political infidel. †5. A person who is unfaithful to some duty. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use, with allusion to 1 Timothy v. 8: see sense A. 1 ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > undutifulness > undutiful person > [noun] transfuge1548 defaulter?1592 transfuger1611 defector1615 infidel1655 turn-away1688 short-comer1865 defectant1874 derelict1888 society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > unfaithfulness > [noun] > person falsea1400 infidel1655 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. v. 235 One so faithfull to his Servants, cannot be suspected for an Infidel in not providing for his family, of his own children. B. adj. (including appositive or attributive uses of the substantive.) 1. a. Of persons: Unbelieving; adhering to a false religion; pagan, heathen, etc. (Cf. the noun.) ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [adjective] heathenishc893 heathen971 misbelievedc1225 Barbarya1300 payenc1300 miscreantc1330 paynimc1330 uncircumcideda1382 uncircumciseda1400 gentilec1400 heathenly1415 paganismc1425 profanec1450 pagan1464 ethnical?a1475 payemec1480 miscredentc1500 heathenish1535 whorish1535 ethnic1542 ethnish1542 idolous1546 mammetrous1546 gentilish1550 idolatrous?1550 idololatrical1550 infidel1551 idolatrical1556 gentilical1573 paganical?1573 idolish1577 heatheny1580 irreligious1585 paganish1589 gentilic1603 idolaster1608 gentilitious1613 heathenous1613 idolatrizing1614 image-worshipping1621 misreligious1623 Mahounda1625 gentilizing1637 idololatrousa1641 infidelious1648 Baalitical1652 national1661 idolatric1669 paganic1676 gentilized1684 Baalish1690 idololatrica1711 infidelical1802 semi-fidel1834 Greekish1851 paganistic1853 unselect1882 goyish1888 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccliv. (1482) 328 The Cyte of Constantynople..was taken by the turkes infydeles.] 1551 T. Cranmer Answer S. Gardiner 369 You haue written what you dreamed in your sleape, rather then what you learned of any author catholyke or infidele. 1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. iv. §16. 66 Saint Paul..reprehends the Corinthians..for going to Law one with another before infidell Judges. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. May (1965) I. 408 Her Infidel Lover was..fond of her. 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 14 Are there..No infidel children to impale on spears? 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 26 Desiring her to go to the infidel King. †b. Incredulous, sceptical. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > disbelief, incredulity > [adjective] unlevefulOE unleveOE misbelievedc1225 untristc1374 unlevablea1382 incredulec1550 uncredible1553 incredible1557 incredulous1578 infidel1607 unbelieving1616 inconvincible1674 unconvinced1675 unconvinciblea1747 misbelievinga1845 unconvinceable1875 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 639 Wonders in our owne nation..for which other nations account vs as great liers..as these infidell fooles..do them. 1714 T. Hearne Ductor Historicus (ed. 3) I. iii. 400 Of their Skil in Magick much is spoken in Ancient Writers; but for our part we are Infidel as to that Power, and therefore shall pass it over. 2. Of things, actions, views, etc.: Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, infidels or infidelity. ΚΠ 1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the First 7 Why wanders wretched Thought their tombs around, In infidel distress? 1773 E. Burke Speech on Toleration Bill in Writings & Speeches (1981) II. 473 The author who has collected in a body the whole of the infidel Code. 1785 W. Cowper Task i. 740 Through profane and infidel contempt Of holy writ. 1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 257 The clergy complain of the enormous spread of bold books, from the infidel tract to the latest handling of the miracle question. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.adj.1470
随便看	unprudence unprudent unprudential unprudently unpruned unprying unpsychological unpublic unpublicized unpublish unpublishable unpublishably unpublished unpucker unpuckered unpuckering unpuckers unpuddled unpuff unpuffed unpuffed up unpugnacious unpuissant unpulled unpulleyed