> as lemmas

1784 A. Smith Additions & Corr. Inq. Wealth of Nations 59 In a joint stock company..each member can..transfer his share to another person, and thereby introduce a new member.

1808 H. Day (title) A Defence of Joint Stock Companies.

1825 W. Scott Let. 23 Mar. (1935) IX. 45 The people are all mad here about joint stock companies.

1843 Ainsworth's Mag. 4 110 It is a pleasant privilege of the honourable corps..that a sort of joint-stock-companyship prevails among them.

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby III. viii. i. 189 When he received a deputation on sugar duties or joint stock banks.

1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford xii. 225 Her poor opinion of joint-stock banks in general.

1863 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (ed. 2) 251 Scott used to say that the Bannatyne Club was the only successful joint-stock company he ever invested in.

1893 R. Bithell Counting-house Dict. (rev. ed.) (at cited word) A Joint Stock Company is defined by Act of Parliament to be ‘A Company consisting of seven or more members having a permanent paid up or nominal capital of fixed amount, divided into shares, also of fixed amount, and formed on the principle of having for its members the holders of shares of such capital, and no other persons’. This definition excludes companies consisting of six or fewer members, whose affairs fall under the Law of partnership.

1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 550/1 The modern business corporation or joint stock company originated in the 18th century.

1969 Lebende Sprachen 14 97/2 Clearing arrangements have been agreed with the joint stock banks, so that money can be readily transferred from a giro account to a bank account.

1972 Accountant 5 Oct. 413/1 Sweden's national pension fund, it has been recommended, should be free to invest approximately 1 per cent of its resources in selected joint-stock companies.