单词 | surrender |
释义 | surrendern. The action or an act of surrendering. 1. Law. a. The giving up of an estate to the person who has it in reversion or remainder, so as to merge it in the larger estate; e.g. the giving up of a lease before its expiration; spec. the yielding up of a tenancy in a copyhold estate to the lord of the manor for a specified purpose; transferred a deed by which such surrender is made. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > reversion > [noun] > giving up one's reversion to one who has estate surrender1487 1487 Rolls of Parl. VI. 394/1 Determynation of the States..by Deth,..or by eny other wise then by Surrender. 1512 in F. Collins Wills & Admin. Knaresborough Court Rolls (1902) I. 4 I will that my feoffees maike a sufficiente and lawful estaite, by surrender or otherwais. 1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xi. f. 14 Surrenders of landes holden by the yerde. 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 27 §7 The said Chauncellour shall have power..to take surrendre of any leases. 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Xiv v I haue wastfully spente..the surrender of my fathers landes. 1590 W. West Συμβολαιογραϕία ii. §311. sig. DDiij An Instrument of Surrender is an instrument testifiyng..that the particuler tenant of landes..doth..agree, that he which hath the next immediate remainder or reuersion thereof shall also haue the particuler estate of the same in possession. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 338 If a man make a Lease for yeares to begin at Michaelmasse next, this future interest cannot bee surrendred, because there is no Reuersion wherein it may drowne, but by a Surrender in Law it may be drowned. As if the Lessee before Michaelmasse take a new Lease for yeares..this is a Surrender in Law of the former Lease. 1679–88 in J. Y. Akerman Moneys Secret Services Charles II & James II (1851) 69 For the charge of a surrender made by Lord Arundell of Trerice, and inrolling the same, 3 0 0. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. ii. 365 Surrender,..the yielding up of the estate by the tenant into the hands of the lord, for such purposes as in the surrender are expressed. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) I. 277 A term cannot be merged by surrender till the tenant has entered. 1825 Act 6 George IV c. 16 §3 If any such Trader shall..make..any fraudulent Surrender of any of his Copyhold Lands. b. The giving up of letters patent granting an estate or office; Historical the yielding up of tithes in Scotland to the Crown. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > withdrawal or loss of legal rights > [noun] > renunciation or surrender of right or claim quitclaimancea1325 renunciation1399 surrender1557 quitclaim1611 disclaimer1623 waiver1628 1557 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 261 Upon dewe surrender mayde to my handes of the other sayde severall patentes. 1628 Sc. Acts Chas. I (1870) V. 189/1 Such of his Majesties Subjects as had right to whatsoever erection of..Teinds and others forsaids who should make surrender thereof in his Majesties hands. 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 126 His..Commission of Surrenders of Superiorities and Tithes, by which the Ministers and Land-owners were bought out..from the Clientele and Vassallage of the Nobility and Laique Patrons. 1662 W. Hughes Grand Abridgm. Law III. 1904/2 Of Surrender of the Kings Letters Patents, what shall be said a good Surrender of them, and what not. 1729 G. Jacob New Law-dict. (at cited word) A Surrender may be made of Letters Patent to the King, to the End he may grant the Estate to whom he pleases. c. The action of surrendering to bail. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [noun] > appearance before court > surrender to bail surrender1710 1710 S. Palmer Moral Ess. Prov. 10 The Bail has a sort of Custody and Command of the Prisoner. A Surrender is our Discharge. d. The giving up by a bankrupt of his property to his creditors or their assignees; also, his due appearance in the bankruptcy court for examination, as formerly required by the bankruptcy acts. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > attachment of person or property for debt > surrender of goods to creditors cession1622 bonorum1623 surrender1725 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [noun] > appearance before court appearancec1460 peremptor1489 forthcoming1533 comparition1611 surrender1825 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. vii. 86 Upon his honest and faithful surrender of his affairs, he shall be set at liberty. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. ii. 481 In case the bankrupt absconds..between the time of the commission issued, and the last day of surrender, he may by warrant..be committed to the county goal. 1825 Act 6 George IV c. 16 §112 If any Person..declared Bankrupt, shall not..surrender himself to them [sc. Commissioners], and sign or subscribe such Surrender, and submit to be examined before them..[he] shall be deemed guilty of Felony. e. †(a) See quot. 1755. (b) The abandonment of an insurance policy by the party assured on receiving part of the premiums. surrender value, the amount payable to an insured person on his surrendering his policy. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > insurance claim > abandonment of claim surrender1755 society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > insurance policy > abandonment of policy surrender1880 1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances II. 92 When any Goods or Ships that are insured, happen to be lost,..then the Assured is obliged to abandon such Goods or Ship to the Benefit of the Assurers, before he can demand any Satisfaction from them. The Surrender must be made by Notice in writing, by the Messenger of the maritime Court. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 179/1 The surrender value to be allowed for a policy which is to be given up should be less than the reserve value. 1887 J. Henry Handbk. Life Assurers (ed. 2) 51 The value to be offered by the office for a surrender of the policy. 2. a. The giving up of something (or of oneself) into the possession or power of another who has or is held to have a claim to it; esp. (Military, etc.) of combatants, a town, territory, etc. to an enemy or a superior. In wider sense: Giving up, resignation, abandonment. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defeat > [noun] > surrender deliverancea1387 appointmenta1513 composition1523 dedition1523 rendering1523 surrender?a1525 fall1535 render1548 rendry1600 rendition1601 capitulation1604 recapitulation1641 reddition1641 surrendering1648 capitulating1734 the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun] > handing over or giving up to another > to one who has a claim surrender?a1525 ?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection i. l. 301 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 181 To his fadere, for vs he made a sure render. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccliiij The Senate refused to make surrender or to receiue a power into the citie. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccc Albeit they were layde at with many weapons, yet toke they it by surrender. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. i. 135 To speake..About surrender vp of Aquitaine. View more context for this quotation 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. xxv. 252 Which they did not deliver unto him as a Surrender, but to shew and manifest their Dutyes. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 494 With eyes Of conjugal attraction unreprov'd, And meek surrender . View more context for this quotation 1689 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 54/2 That at the surrender of the castle þe avenews be gaurded be the town gaurds. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 88 That he may secure some liberty, he makes a surrender in trust of the whole of it. View more context for this quotation 1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) II. xxx. 145 That a repeal of the Stamp Act would be a surrender of the authority of the British Legislature over the Colonies. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxvii. 353 Nothing depresses..so much as a surrender of the approved and habitual forms of life. 1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xx. 449 Sacrifice..consists..in the perfect surrender of a perfect Will and Life. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 206 [The terms of peace] did not involve the surrender or driving out of the English exiles. 1911 E. Beveridge North Uist iv. 58 Although offering surrender, all were slain. b. Cards. In the game of ombre, the act of throwing up one's hand and paying one's forfeit to the pool instead of to an adversary. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > ombre and quadrille > [noun] > actions or tactics mediateur1797 defence1874 surrender1874 whim1874 solo1878 1874 H. H. Gibbs Game of Ombre (1878) 32 Surrender was formerly not allowed in English play. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > gratitude > [noun] > thanking or thanksgiving thankingc893 thanksgiving1533 thank-render1548 gratulation1579 surrender1594 gratificationa1597 Eucharist1604 Eucharistic1623 1594 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 283 To give to his temporal benefactors a sweet surrender of thanks. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). surrenderv. 1. Law. a. transitive. To give up (an estate) to one who has it in reversion or remainder; spec. to give up (a copyhold estate) to the lord of the manor, either by way of relinquishing it or of conveying it to another. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > hand over to another i-taechec888 outreacheOE sellc950 beteacha1000 areachc1000 turnc1175 handsellc1225 betakec1250 deliverc1300 beken1330 yielda1382 disposec1384 resigna1387 livera1400 to turn overa1425 deputea1440 overgive1444 quit?c1450 surrend1450 surrender1466 renderc1480 to give over1483 despose1485 refer1547 to pass over1560 to set over1585 behight1590 tip1610 consign1632 delegate1633 skink1637 to hand over1644 delate1651 to turn off1667 to turn in1822 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > reversion > revert to [verb (transitive)] > grant one's reversion to one who has estate surrender1466 release1718 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > reversion > revert [verb (intransitive)] > revert to lord, king, or state > give up estate surrender1628 1466 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 348 Thomas Edmunde of Douercorte sorendryd into Iohn Sparre..alle the londe..that he hathe. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. viv Yf he wyll alyen hys lande to another, him behoueth after some custome to surrendre the tenementes in some court .&c. into the lordes handes. 1606 Munim. de Melros (Bannatyne) 658 To..surrander vpgeif and ouergeif All and haill þe maner place of Melrosse... In the handis of oure said souerane lord. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. ii. 144 If I grant a lease to A for the term of three years, and after the expiration of the said term to B for six years, and A surrenders or forfeits his lease at the end of one year, B's interest shall immediately take effect. 1800 A. Addison Rep. Cases Pennsylvania 12 The award was..that a lease should be surrendered. 1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. x. 331 He may at common law surrender his estate to the remainderman or reversioner by simple deed. b. To give up (letters patent, tithes) into the hands of the sovereign. (Cf. surrender n. 1b.) ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > withdrawal or loss of legal rights > take away a right [verb (transitive)] > renounce or surrender rights or claims remisea1325 surrender1473 acquit1481 waivea1631 remiss1701 1473 Rolls of Parl. VI. 82/1 He to surrender uppe unto us his seid Letters Patentes. 1628 Sc. Acts Chas. I (1870) V. 189/2 That all superiorities of Erections should be freely resigned and surrendered in his Majesties hands without any composition. 1662 W. Hughes Grand Abridgm. Law III. 1906/1 It was found..That G. did Surrender and Restore the said Letters Patents, in Chancery, to be cancelled. c. reflexive or intransitive of a bankrupt: To appear in the bankruptcy court for examination. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (intransitive)] > appear before court > of bankrupt surrender1707 1707 London Gaz. No. 4318/4 He being declared a Bankrupt, is required to surrender himself. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. ii. 481 At the third meeting, at farthest,..the bankrupt..must surrender himself personally to the commissioners. 1825 Act 6 George IV c. 16 §117 The Bankrupt shall be free from Arrest or Imprisonment by any Creditor in coming to surrender. a1832 A. Polson Eng. Law in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 835/1 If he fails..to surrender himself, and submit to be examined before the court, or upon examination does not discover all his..estate. d. transitive. Of a bail: To produce (the principal) in court at the appointed time. Also intransitive or reflexive of the principal, usually in to surrender to one's bail. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > of a bail: to produce the principal surrender1747 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (intransitive)] > appear before court > of person on bail surrender1848 1747 C. Viner Gen. Abridgm. Law & Equity III. 499 An Action of Debt was brought on the Recognizance against the Bail,..and the Principal was surrender'd. 1747 C. Viner Gen. Abridgm. Law & Equity III. 499 On a Suggestion that the Defendant had surrender'd himself in Discharge of his Bail. 1835 Penny Cycl. III. 288/1 Unless they, the bail, pay the costs and money recovered for him, or surrender him to custody. 1848 Act 11 & 12 Victoria c. 42 §23 Such Justice of the Peace may..admit such Person to Bail..and..shall take the Recognizance of the said accused Person and his Surety..that he will then surrender and take his Trial. 1883 Law Times 29 Sept. 363/1 Magistrates should in all cases grant bail unless they have good reason to suppose that the prisoner will not surrender. 2. a. To give up (something) out of one's own possession or power into that of another who has or asserts a claim to it; to yield on demand or compulsion; esp. (Military) to give up the possession of (a fortress, town, territory, etc.) to an enemy or assailant. Also figurative. Const. to.Formerly also with up (now rare or obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defeat > suffer defeat [verb (transitive)] > surrender (a town, etc.) yield1297 ayield1450 render1481 surrender1509 capitulate1610 to lay down (one's) arms1659 to ground arms1855 the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > hand over to another > hand over to one who has claim surrender1509 the mind > possession > relinquishing > make relinquishment [verb (intransitive)] > hand over to another turn1400 surrender1651 to come across with1895 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xlii. 207 The body..wyll not remember Howe erth to erth must his strength surrender. 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. U.i What offices hast thou to surrender into my handes, quoth the Pope. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xix. 23 b If they..did surrender the place he would exempt out of them two hundreth. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. Y2v Till he surrendred Realme and life to fate. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. iv. 84 One..More worthy this place then my selfe, to whom..I would surrender it. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvii. 160 Though he have surrendred his Power to the Civill Law. 1782 W. Cowper Friendship 117 Plebeians must surrender And yield so much to noble folk. 1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 102 Some to the fascination of a name Surrender judgment. 1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xii. 299 The diamond and the gems have surrendered to science their adamantine strength. 1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1872) 3rd Ser. iii. 41 There are others, who..would surrender the conscience of each man to the conscience of the Church. 1874 A. B. Davidson Introd. Hebrew Gram. 29 In words with the Art[icle] the weak he usually surrenders its vowel to the prep[osition] and disappears. b. More widely: To give up, resign, abandon, relinquish possession of, esp. in favour of or for the sake of another. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] forsakec893 forlet971 to reach upOE agiveOE yield?c1225 uptake1297 up-yield1297 yield1297 deliverc1300 to-yielda1375 overgivec1384 grant1390 forbeara1400 livera1400 forgoc1400 upgive1415 permit1429 quit1429 renderc1436 relinquish1479 abandonc1485 to hold up?1499 enlibertyc1500 surrender1509 cess1523 relent1528 to cast up?1529 resignate1531 uprender1551 demit1563 disclaim1567 to fling up1587 to give up1589 quittance1592 vail1593 enfeoff1598 revoke1599 to give off1613 disownc1620 succumb1632 abdicate1633 delinquish1645 discount1648 to pass away1650 to turn off1667 choke1747 to jack up1870 chuck up (the sponge)1878 chuckc1879 unget1893 sling1902 to jack in1948 punt1966 to-leave- 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xx. 96 Ryght so let wysdome your sorowe surrendre. 1565 T. Harding Confut. Apol. Church of Eng. iv. vii. f. 187v His sonne tooke vpon him forthwith the administration of the Empire,..would not surrender the state which he liked well. 1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia v. 463 Afterward..I will surrender my surcharged life. 1779 Mirror No. 35 He must surrender his own character, and assume the hue of every company he enters. 1833 H. Martineau French Wines & Politics iv. 62 Sounds reached her which gave her back a little of the hope which she had wholly surrendered. 1871 R. W. Dale Ten Commandm. x. 253 For those whom we love we gladly surrender our personal comfort and ease. 3. a. reflexive. To give oneself up into the power of another, esp. as a prisoner. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defeat > suffer defeat [verb (reflexive)] > surrender yield1297 render1494 surrender1585 society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (reflexive)] underlaya1300 bowa1400 thralla1400 submit?c1425 obeishc1449 surrender1585 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xix. 23 Fainte heartedlie to surrender themselues to the mercie of those, at whose hands was nothing to be looked for, but miserable seruitude. 1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely i. 82 That [sc. garrison] of Licowa surrendred it self the next day. 1760 Cautions & Advices to Officers of Army 30 The French fired all their Arms into the Air; then threw them down, and surrendered themselves Prisoners of War. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. xiii. 329 It is the banner of the Count of Crevecœur..to him I will surrender myself. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham III. xix. 324 His..desire to appease his mind, by surrendering himself to justice. 1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn II. lv. 225 They were..informed that the Apostle..had thought it right to..surrender himself as a prisoner. b. figurative. To give oneself up to some influence, course of action, etc.; to abandon oneself or devote oneself entirely to. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or busy oneself [verb (reflexive)] > devote or apply oneself choosea1300 yield?a1366 givea1400 employ1439 applyc1450 poura1500 intend?1504 delivera1533 addict1534 bequeath1558 bend1591 devotea1616 devow1626 surrendera1732 puzzle1751 a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) II. 48 Those..who do not surrender themselves up to the Methods it prescribes. 1833 H. Martineau Manch. Strike (new ed.) viii. 88 We must surrender ourselves..to our duties. 4. intransitive for reflexive = 3; chiefly Military (said of a body of men, a town or fortress, etc.); also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defeat > be defeated [verb (intransitive)] > surrender to cry (or say) creanta1250 to yield oneself creanta1250 to do (also put) oneself in (also to) a person's mercya1325 yieldc1330 recray1340 summisec1450 render1523 amain1540 surrender1560 to throw down one's arms (also weapons, etc.)1593 articulate1595 to yield (also bow oneself) to (also upon) mercy1595 to give grass1597 capitulate1601 to cry cravena1634 to lower or strike one's flag1644 bail1840 hands-up1879 kamerad1914 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclxxxvjv Whan they had surrendred [L. facta deditione]. 1608 W. Shakespeare Richard II iv. i. 147 Fetch hither Richard, that in common view He may surrender. 1676 Earl of Orrery in C. E. Pike Essex Papers (1913) II. 58 I lay before it [sc. Limerick]..untill the Plague and Famine made it surrender, we could not take it. 1691 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 272 The garison surrendring upon discretion. a1721 M. Prior Songs vi. 25 Nothing's proof against those eyes, Best resolves and strictest ties To their force must soon surrender. 1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. II. 239 The Commodore was determined that the place should surrender at discretion. 1845 B. Disraeli Sybil III. vi. xii. 310 ‘Surrender,’ said the commander of the yeomanry. ‘Resistance is useless.’ 1890 Spectator 1 Nov. 595/1 They only sent fifteen hundred men, who accomplished nothing, and were finally compelled to surrender at discretion. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > gratitude > give thanks [verb (intransitive)] thankc950 to give thanks (thank, to do thank(s)1477 render1484 say1490 surrender1542 to return thanks?1570 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth viii. sig. E.i Surrendrynge thankes to hym for his manyfolde goodnes. 1578 H. Wotton tr. J. Yver Courtlie Controuersie 125 To surrender their accustomed honor vsed yearely vnto the..mistresse. 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 180 They had surrendred vnto him thankes. 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 195 Hee tooke his leaue of vs with great friendship and curtesie: who did surrender the same after our custome. Derivatives suˈrrendered adj., n., and adj. /-əd/ ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > [adjective] yieldena1542 yielded1591 resigned1611 surrendered1876 society > armed hostility > defeat > [adjective] > surrendering > surrendered capitulated1843 yielded1868 surrendered1876 1876 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 119 Dante..believed that..his [sc. the Lord's] kingdom would be established in the surrendered will. 1911 H. Craik Life Ld. Clarendon I. xii. 323 Fairfax..had..accepted the others as surrendered prisoners. suˈrrendering n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun] resignationc1380 resigning1395 upgivingc1423 cessionc1440 delivery?c1452 resign1457 remittinga1475 resignment1543 surrendry1547 resignal?1573 quittancea1593 relinquishment1593 delinquishment1603 abandon1614 surrendering1648 untaking1657 permission1677 vacating1820 society > armed hostility > defeat > [noun] > surrender deliverancea1387 appointmenta1513 composition1523 dedition1523 rendering1523 surrender?a1525 fall1535 render1548 rendry1600 rendition1601 capitulation1604 recapitulation1641 reddition1641 surrendering1648 capitulating1734 society > armed hostility > defeat > [adjective] > surrendering recreantc1330 capitulating1647 succumbent1812 surrendering1901 1648 (title) The Demands..of The Earle of Norwich..to Generall Fairfax, concerning the surrendering of the said City. 1711 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 174 Articles of agreement for the surrendering of Lymerick. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. v. vi. 264 The Hôtel-de-Ville ‘invites’ him to admit National Soldiers, which is a soft name for surrendering. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 20 May 7/1 Parties of the latter returned into the town and searched the place for surrendering burghers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1487v.1466 |
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