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piano
pi·an·o 1 P0282400 (pē-ăn′ō, pyăn′ō)n. pl. pi·an·os A musical instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be softened or sustained by means of pedals.
[Italian, short for pianoforte; see pianoforte.]
pi·a·no 2 P0282500 (pē-ä′nō, pyä′-) Music adv. & adj. Abbr. p In a soft or quiet tone. Used chiefly as a direction.n. pl. pi·a·nos A passage to be played softly or quietly.
[Italian, from Late Latin plānus, smooth, graceful, from Latin, flat; see pelə- in Indo-European roots.]piano (pɪˈænəʊ) n, pl -anos (Instruments) a musical stringed instrument resembling a harp set in a vertical or horizontal frame, played by depressing keys that cause hammers to strike the strings and produce audible vibrations. See also grand piano, upright piano[C19: short for pianoforte]
piano (ˈpjɑːnəʊ) adj, adv (Classical Music) music (to be performed) softly. Symbol: p [C17: from Italian, from Latin plānus flat; see plain1]
Piano (Italian pjˈɑno) n (Biography) Renzo. born 1937, Italian architect; buildings include the Pompidou Centre, Paris (1977; with Richard Rogers), the Potsdamer Platz redevelopment, Berlin (1998), and The Shard, London (2012)pi•an•o1 (piˈæn oʊ, ˈpyæn oʊ)
n., pl. -an•os. a musical instrument in which felt-covered hammers, operated from a keyboard, strike upon metal strings. [1795–1805; short for pianoforte] pi•a•no2 (piˈɑ noʊ, ˈpyɑ-)
Music. adj. 1. soft; subdued. adv. 2. softly. Abbr.: p [1675–85; < Italian: soft, low (of sounds), plain, flat < Latin plānus plain1] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  piano - a keyboard instrument that is played by depressing keys that cause hammers to strike tuned strings and produce soundsforte-piano, pianofortefallboard, fall-board - the hinged protective covering that protects the keyboard of a piano when it is not being playedgrand piano, grand - a piano with the strings on a horizontal harp-shaped frame; usually supported by three legskeyboard - device consisting of a set of keys on a piano or organ or typewriter or typesetting machine or computer or the likekeyboard instrument - a musical instrument that is played by means of a keyboardmechanical piano, Pianola, player piano - a mechanically operated piano that uses a roll of perforated paper to activate the keyspercussion instrument, percussive instrument - a musical instrument in which the sound is produced by one object striking anotherpiano action - action consisting of a system of levers that move a felt hammer to strike the strings when a key is depressedclavier, piano keyboard, fingerboard - a bank of keys on a musical instrumentsoft pedal - a pedal on a piano that moves the action closer to the strings and so soften the soundsoundboard, sounding board - (music) resonator consisting of a thin board whose vibrations reinforce the sound of the instrumentstringed instrument - a musical instrument in which taut strings provide the source of soundloud pedal, sustaining pedal - a pedal on a piano that lifts the dampers from the strings and so allows them to continue vibratingupright piano, upright - a piano with a vertical sounding board | | 2. | piano - (music) low loudnesspianissimosoftness - a sound property that is free from loudness or stridency; "and in softness almost beyond hearing"music - an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner | | Adj. | 1. | piano - used chiefly as a direction or description in music; "the piano passages in the composition"softforte, loud - used chiefly as a direction or description in music; "the forte passages in the composition" | | Adv. | 1. | piano - used as a direction in music; to be played relatively softlysoftlyforte, loudly - used as a direction in music; to be played relatively loudly |
Translationspiano (piˈӕnəu) – plural piˈanos – noun a large musical instrument played by pressing keys which make hammers strike stretched wires. She plays the piano very well; (also adjective) piano music. 鋼琴 钢琴pianist (ˈpiənist) noun a person who plays the piano. 鋼琴演奏家 钢琴演奏家piˌano-acˈcordion noun a type of accordion with a keyboard like that of a piano. 鍵盤式手風琴 键盘式手风琴pianoforte (piӕnəuˈfoːti) noun a piano. 鋼琴(舊稱) 钢琴（旧称） grand piano a large piano in which the wires are stretched horizontally. 大鋼琴，平臺式鋼琴 大钢琴
piano
piano or pianoforte, musical instrument whose sound is produced by vibrating strings struck by felt hammers that are controlled from a keyboard. The piano's earliest predecessor was the dulcimerdulcimer
, stringed musical instrument. It is a wooden box with strings stretched over it that are struck with small mallets. The number of strings may vary. The dulcimer is related to the psaltery and modern zither.
..... Click the link for more information. . The first piano was made c.1709 by Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731), a Florentine maker of harpsichords, who called his instrument gravicembalo col piano e forte. (One of the two existing Cristofori pianos is in the Metropolitan Mus. of Art., N.Y.C.) It differed from the harpsichordharpsichord,
stringed musical instrument played from a keyboard. Its strings, two or more to a note, are plucked by quills or jacks. The harpsichord originated in the 14th cent. and by the 16th cent. Venice was the center of its manufacture.
..... Click the link for more information. in that by varying the touch one could vary the volume and duration of tone. This expressive quality was shared by the clavichordclavichord
, keyboard musical instrument invented in the Middle Ages. It consists of a small rectangular wooden box, placed upon a table or on legs, containing a sounding board and a set of strings.
..... Click the link for more information. , but the latter was far more delicate in tone. During the 18th cent. changes in musical taste gradually favored the piano's greater volume and expressiveness, and the instrument had largely supplanted the harpsichord and clavichord by 1800. C. P. E. Bach, Mozart, Haydn, and Clementi were the first major composers to write for the piano. The main body of its enormous literature, from the 19th cent., includes the works of Beethoven, Czerny, Schubert, Chopin, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Franck, Tchaikovsky, and Liszt. Debussy and Ravel used the special effects peculiar to the piano in highly original ways. In the 20th cent. some composers, notably Bartók, have emphasized the instrument's percussive qualities. The piano was originally built in the shape of a harpsichord, and this style, the grand piano, has always been the standard form. It was greatly improved by the 19th-century innovation of an iron framework, best applied by the Steinways of New York City. The square piano, with strings parallel to the keys, was the most popular domestic piano until the early-19th-century perfection, in Philadelphia, of the upright piano. The English piano maker John Broadwood (1732–1812) was the first to develop the present heavier, more sonorous instrument. In 1810 the double-action striking mechanism, which permits rapid repetition of a tone, was perfected. In the late 19th cent. a mechanical player pianoplayer piano,
an upright piano incorporating a mechanical system that automatically plays the encoded contents of a paper strip. This strip, perforated with holes whose position and length determine pitch and duration, is drawn over a pneumatic device that shoots streams of air
..... Click the link for more information. was developed. A perforated paper roll was passed over a cylinder containing apertures connected to tubes that were in turn connected to the piano action. When a hole in the paper passed over an aperture, a current of air passed through a tube and caused the corresponding hammer to strike the string. The electric piano was developed in the 1930s. In the 1980s computer and compact-disc technology made possible the invention of a "reproducing piano," an instrument designed to recreate a pianist's playing, accurately capturing the nuances of the performance. Innovative developments of the 1990s include the disklavier, a computerized grand piano that uses optical sensors to produce sound, and the two-lid piano, which opens from the top and bottom to better project sound. Bibliography See O. Bie, History of the Pianoforte (2d ed. 1966); H. Westerby, History of Pianoforte Music (1924, repr. 1970); A. Dolge, Pianos and their Makers (1911, repr. 1972); C. Ehrlich, The Piano (1976); R. Harding, The Piano-forte (1933, repr. 1978); A. Loesser, Men, Women, and Pianos (1954, repr. 1990), J. Parakilas et al., Piano Roles (2000). Piano (abbreviation, p), in music, one of the most important dynamic shadings; also, its designation in notation. Piano is the opposite of “forte.” The dynamic mark pianissimo (abbreviation, pp) is derived from piano. Mezzo piano (mp) falls between piano and mezzo forte. In the 19th century, composers began to use symbols for degrees of volume even softer than pianissimo. For example, the dynamic mark pppppp was used by Tchaikovsky in “Autumn Song,” from the piano cycle The Seasons.
Piano a stringed percussion instrument with a keyboard, first constructed between 1709 and 1711 in Italy by B. Cristofori, the inventor of the piano’s percussive mechanism, or action. The sound of the piano was produced not by plucking, as with the harpsichord, but by striking the strings with small wooden hammers covered with a special felt. The instrument was thus capable of producing a more sustained sound, ranging in volume from very soft to very loud. By the end of the 18th century, the piano had supplanted the harpsichord and clavichord. The intensive development of pianism placed new aesthetic demands on the piano, resulting in continual improvements in the instrument, particularly in the second quarter of the 19th century. In the second half of the 18th century, two main types of action were developed. In the Viennese action, the keys were connected directly to the hammers; in the English action, they were separate from the hammers. A repetition action was also introduced, which encouraged the development of virtuoso technique. At the same time, the pedal mechanism was improved, making it possible to dampen the sound with the left pedal or to sustain the sound with the right; use of the latter technique also had the effect of enriching the sound through sympathetic resonance. The shape of the instrument underwent modification, with the square piano giving way to more rounded models. The construction was improved by the use of metal braces to reinforce the wooden frame. The subsequent introduction of the cast-iron frame permitted overstringing, which heightened the tension of the strings, thus increasing the strength of the instrument and improving the quality of the tone. Today, the piano is manufactured in two variants—the grand piano and the upright piano. Over the years, the range of the piano increased; the modern piano has a compass of 7¼ octaves, or up to 90 or more notes, extending chromatically from A in the fourth octave below middle C to C four octaves above middle C. The piano’s wealth of expressive possibilities and its ability to reproduce music in several parts make the instrument suitable for use in solo performance, in ensembles, for accompaniment, and occasionally as part of the full orchestra. The piano ranks with the organ and violin as one of the greatest instruments, and its literature represents the highest achievements of the greatest composers of the 18th to the 20th century. REFERENCESZimin, P. Fortepiano v egoproshlom i nastoiashchem. Moscow, 1934.
Closson, E. Histoire du piano. Brussels, 1944.
Hirt, F. J. Meisterwerke des Klavierbaus . . ., 1440 bis 1880. Olten, 1955.PianoPiety (See RIGHTEOUSNESS.)Baldwinfamous name in concert pianos. [Am. Cult.: Misc.]Schroedercompulsively plays the works of Beethoven on his toy piano. [Comics: “Peanuts” in Horn, 543]Steinwayfamous name in concert pianos. [Am. Cult.: Misc.]piano1 a musical stringed instrument resembling a harp set in a vertical or horizontal frame, played by depressing keys that cause hammers to strike the strings and produce audible vibrations
piano2 Music (to be performed) softly.
Piano Renzo. born 1937, Italian architect; buildings include the Pompidou Centre, Paris (1977; with Richard Rogers) and the Potsdamer Platz redevelopment, Berlin (1998) Piano (dreams)The piano symbolizes music, harmony, and expression. All types of sounds may be uplifting symbols of spiritual awareness. Superstition-based dream interpretation books say that the piano is an omen for a good financial period in your life, and moving a piano represents solid achievements on the part of the dreamer.PIANO
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pianoenUS
Synonyms for pianonoun a keyboard instrument that is played by depressing keys that cause hammers to strike tuned strings and produce soundsSynonymsRelated Words- fallboard
- fall-board
- grand piano
- grand
- keyboard
- keyboard instrument
- mechanical piano
- Pianola
- player piano
- percussion instrument
- percussive instrument
- piano action
- clavier
- piano keyboard
- fingerboard
- soft pedal
- soundboard
- sounding board
- stringed instrument
- loud pedal
- sustaining pedal
- upright piano
- upright
noun (music) low loudnessSynonymsRelated Wordsadj used chiefly as a direction or description in musicSynonymsAntonymsadv used as a direction in musicSynonymsAntonyms |