| 释义 |
▪ I. † iˈllite, v. Obs. rare—1.
[f. L. illit-, ppl. stem of illinĕre (illine).]
trans. To smear, anoint.
1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 294 Deleates black skars if illited with Oxegall. 1657Phys. Dict., Illited, anointed.
▪ II. illite Min.|ˈɪlaɪt|
[Named after the state of Illinois: see -ite1.]
Any of a group of clay minerals that belong to the mica group and are characterized by a lattice that does not expand through the absorption of water; esp. a mineral structurally and chemically similar to muscovite but differing in having more water and silicon and less potassium. Also used as a generic term for these minerals.
1937R. E. Grim et al. in Amer. Mineralogist XXII. 816 There remains only the alternative of giving a new name to the mica occurring in argillaceous sediments, and the term illite, taken from the State of Illinois, is here proposed. It is not proposed as a specific mineral name, but as a general term for the clay mineral constituent of argillaceous sediments belonging to the mica group. 1944Mineral. Mag. XXVII. 60 Illite is not a stable mineral under humid temperate conditions. Ibid. 61 According to Fleischer, bravaisite may be the specific mineral species in illites. 1953R. E. Grim Clay Mineral. iii. 36 Grim, Bray, and Bradley gave the general formula for illites as (OH)4Ky(Si8 -y·Aly) (Al4·Fe4·Mg4·Mg6)O20. In muscovite y is equal to 2, whereas in illite y is less than 2 and frequently equal to 1 to 1·5. According to the formula, illites would include both trioctahedral and dioctahedral types, and no attempt was made to differentiate between biotite and muscovite types of crystallization. At the present time the name illite is generally used, and will be used herein, for clay-mineral micas of both dioctahedral and trioctahedral types and of muscovite and biotite crystallizations. 1957R. C. Mackenzie Differential Thermal Investigation of Clays x. 260 Studies by Jackson et al. (1952) and Barshad (1954) suggest that illite itself should be considered as an interstratified mineral with mica and montmorillonite layers. 1959C. S. Hurlbut Dana's Man. Min. (ed. 17) v. 463 Illite is the chief constituent in many shales. 1962W. A. Deer et al. Rock-Forming Min. III. 213 The structure of illite is essentially that of a mica in that it contains layers with a plane of octahedrally coordinated cations sandwiched between two inward pointing sheets of linked (Si, Al)O4 tetrahedra. Ibid. 214 A less common illite in which sodium is the inter-layer cation is called brammallite (Bannister, 1943). 1972Nature 28 Jan. 220/1 The essential point about the quickclays is that they contain non-swelling clay minerals such as illite, chlorite and vermiculite, but not montmorillonite.
Hence iˈllitic a., containing, composed of, or characteristic of illite.
1949Kirk & Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. IV. 31 The illite group of minerals occurs abundantly in marine shales and in many soils, particularly in soils derived from illitic shales. 1963D. W. & E. E. Humphries tr. Termier's Erosion & Sedimentation vi. 153 On the recent volcanic rocks of the northwest coast of Sumatra, H. Erhart (1954) has observed illitic soils between sea level and a height of 4,000 feet. 1972Nature 28 Jan. 220/1 There are also, however, quickclays containing more than 80% particles finer than 2 µm, mainly of illitic nature. |