| 释义 |
▪ I. bay, n.1|beɪ|
Also 4–7 baye, baie.
[a. OF. baie (= Pr. baga):—L. bāca berry.
In OE. begbeam occurs in the OE. Gospels, and in a glossary of the 11th c. (Wülcker /450) as a rendering of mōrārius; the glossarist adds that mōra is a name for ‘berries’ generally, whence beg appears to be = berry. In the 11th c. it might perhaps already be adopted from Fr.; but the Corpus Glossary of the 8th c. (Wülcker /8) has also ‘baccinia (= vaccinia) beger’ which suggests that this (elsewhere begir) might be an archaic plural of an original -is, -os stem, and that beg was a native word. Its ME. repr. would be bey, bay; but the extant bay appears to be from French.]
†1.
a. A berry, a small fruit, esp. used of that of the laurel or bay-tree: see 2. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. xlviii, The frute of lauri tre ben clepid baies. 1483Cath. Angl. 17 Bay; bacca, est fructus lauri & oliue. 1601Holland Pliny I. 452 The Baies or berries that it [the roiall Lawrel] beareth are nothing sharp biting..in tast. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Countr. Farm 290 The bayes, or berries of myrtle-tree. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 245 Drunk with the Oile of Bayes in black Wine. 1866Treas. Bot. 664 From the fruit is expressed a butter-like substance known as oil of Bays.
†b. A small ball, a globule. Obs. rare.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. ii. 198 Take a bay of gootes dounge, And with a nal..make it holowe.
2. a. Short for Bay-tree or Bay Laurel, English name of the Laurus nobilis (called also Sweet Bay), a fine tree, with deep-green leaves and a profusion of dark-purple berries; also applied to other laurels (e.g. the Red Bay of S. America), and in America to Magnolia glauca (White Bay).
1530Palsgr. 914/3 The bay tre, laurier. 1535Coverdale Ps. xxxvii. 35, I my self haue sene the vngodly..florishinge like a grene baye tre. 1684I. Mather Remark. Provid. iv. 93 Philosophers told him the lightning could not hurt the bay-tree. 1866Treas. Bot. 664/1 The Bay Laurel is a native of the south of Europe.
1557Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 264 When other frutes and flowers decay, The bay yet growes full grene. 1794Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xix. 262 The true Bay is known by its lance-shaped, veiny evergreen leaves. 1855Kingsley Heroes ii. iv. Slopes of oak..arbutus, and fragrant bay.
b. A piece of low, marshy ground producing large numbers of Bay-trees. Bartlett Dict. Amer. 1848.
1795F. Asbury Journal (1821) II. 285 This country [sc. S. Carolina] abounds with bays, swamps, and drains. 1845W. G. Simms Wigwam & Cabin 17 He wandered along the edges of a dense bay or swamp-bottom. 1884Harper's Mag. Mar. 60l/1 Swamps and ‘bay’ (the word applied in Florida to slough and water-grass meadows).
3. Usually in pl. Leaves or sprigs of this tree, esp. as woven into a wreath or garland to reward a conqueror or poet; hence fig. the fame and repute attained by these.
1564Haward Eutropius vii. 75 When he had subdued the Sarmatianes, he ware but a garland of baies only. c1590Greene Fr. Bacon iv. 64 A poet's garland made of bays. 1647Churchw. Acc. St. Margaret's Westm. (Nichols 1797) 53 Rosemarie and baies, that was stuck about the Church at Christmas. 1656Cowley Misc. (1669) 8 The gain of Civil wars will not allow Bay to the Conquerors Brow. 1730Thomson Autumn 666 For virtuous Young and thee they twine the bay. a1764Lloyd Author's Apol. Poet. Wks. 1774 I. 7, I seek to blast no scholar's bays.
4. Comb. and attrib.:
a. attrib., as bay-bow (= bough), bay-branch, bay-leaf, bay-tree (see 2 a), bay-wood;
b. instrumental and similative, as bay-crowned, bay-leaved. Also bay-cherry, the Cherry-laurel (Cerasus Laurocerasus); bay-gall U.S. (a) = bay n.2 4 b; (b) Bot., the red bay (see red a. 17 d); bay-rum, an aromatic liquid, used by perfumers, obtained by distilling rum in which bay-leaves have been steeped; bay-swamp U.S. = bay n.2 4 b.
1607Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. i. iii. 157 They doe not set lights and *bay bowes at their dores.
1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Apr. 104 Bene they not *Bay branches, which they doe beare?
1665–76Ray Flora 14 The *Bay-Cherry is a stately evergreen tree.
1638–48G. Daniel Eclog. iv. Song 3 Wouldst thow still *Bay-crowned Sitt?
1775Romans Florida 15 Swamps, marshes, and *bay, or cypress galls. 1861A. Wood Class-bk. Botany 620 Red Bay..Bay Galls..Wood of a fine rose-color, once used in cabinet-work. 1872Schele de Vere Americanisms 440 Bay-Galls are large, gloomy, almost impenetrable swamps in Florida, full of deer, bear, and catamount.
1636Healey Theophrast. 59 Bearing a *bay leafe in his mouth. 1855Browning Protus Poet. Wks. I. 297 Half-emperors and quarter-emperors, Each with his bay-leaf fillet.
1883Harper's Mag. Jan. 199 Pepper-woods, whose leaves smell of *bay-rum.
1840Knickerbocker XVI. 34 Perfumed ‘as to our locks’ with the *bay-rum or fragrant cologne. 1859Bartlett Dict. Amer. (ed. 2) 25 Bay Rum..is chiefly used for the purposes of the toilet.
1741in Colonial Rec. Georgia (1908) IV. Suppl. 237 The Land in these parts, setting aside the Pine-Barren, and some *Bay-swamps,..with proper cultivation, will yield a reasonable Increase. 1832D. J. Browne Sylva Amer. 164 These spots are entirely covered with the loblolly bay, and are called Bay Swamps.
▪ II. bay, n.2|beɪ|
Also 5–7 baye.
[a. F. baie:—late L. baia, in Isidore, c 640. (Isidore illustrates his derivation of portus from portare by the analogy of baia from bajulare. He does not consider baia a modern word; but says it made its genitive in -as, like familia. It may thus be an old word in popular Latin.) The meaning of the Fr. word (which the Eng. follows) may have been modified by confusion with baee, bee, on L. type *badāta an opening (see bay n.3). The two have certainly been associated in English; see esp. 2–4, where the senses of recess and projection appear.
Derivation from badare, to be open (see bay n.3) is disproved by It. baja, unless this is borrowed from some other Romanic language, as Sp. or Fr.]
1. An indentation of the sea into the land with a wide opening.
1385Trevisa Higden (1865) I. 57 In that grete mouthe and baye, beth ilondes Calchos, Patmos, and others. 1436Pol. Poems II. (1859) 186 Ffor they have havenesse grete and godely bayes Sure, wyde, and depe. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. vi. 15 The skarfed barke puts from her natiue bay. 1600― A.Y.L. iv. i. 211 My affection hath an vnknowne bottome, like the Bay of Portugall. 1685R. Burton Eng. Emp. Amer. ii. 54 A fair Sandy Bay or Beach, which the Sea washeth on one side. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. 50 We might happen into some Bay or Gulph. 1875Mackay Mod. Geog. 24 Bay of Biscay, noted for its heavy seas and dangerous navigation.
fig.1601Cornwallyes Ess. xix, Yet did I once touch at the baye of Armes. 1633G. Herbert Sunday i. in Temple 66 The couch of time; care's balm and bay.
†2. An indentation or rounded projection of the land into the sea. Obs.[Perhaps a distinct word, f. bey v. to bend; cf. baying.] 1611Cotgr., Surgidoire, a road, gulfe, or bosome, of the sea..sometimes also the opposite, a Promontorie, Cape, or Bay of land entering into the sea.
3. An indentation, recess in a range of hills, etc.
1853G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 9 The hills..stand out generally well-defined by bays and vales, which run in about their bases.
4. An arm of a prairie extending into, and partly surrounded by, woods.
1850W. Colton Three Years Calif. 370 Still, in some of its bays, the evidences of fertility exist. 1874B. F. Taylor World on Wheels 17 In the bottom of a bay of land bounded..by wooded hills.
5. Comb., mostly attrib., as bay-head, bay-man, bay-side. Also bay-bird U.S., a shore-bird that frequents the bays and estuaries of the Atlantic coast; bay-craft U.S., a vessel or vessels used in the navigation of bays; bay-duck, dial. (east English) name of the Sheldrake (Tadorna vulpanser); bay-floe, -ice, new-formed ice, such as first appears in sheltered water; bay-like a., resembling a bay; bay-snipe U.S. = bay-bird; Bay State, popular name in U.S. for the State of Massachusetts, originally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay; hence Bay Stater; bay-vessel U.S. = bay-craft; bay whaling, a method of whaling in the shore waters of Australia and New Zealand using land-based stations; formerly called shore whaling; hence bay whaler, a boat used in bay whaling; bay whale, a whale that frequents bays, spec. the Southern Right Whale (Balæna australis).
1889Cent. Dict. *Bay-birds.
1725in New Eng. Quarterly (1929) II. 660 We met a Ship which they took and burnt then sending away what Prisoners they thought fit in a *Bay Craft. 1835C. J. Latrobe Rambler in N. Amer. II. vi. 102 Many a settler loads his small bay-craft with planks and shingles in the spring of the year.
1856Kane Arct. Exp. I. xxvi. 342 The big *bay-floe.
1818Scoresby in Ann. Reg. 1817 534/2 This is termed *bay-ice. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xv. (1856) 109 The ‘young,’ or as it is called by the whalers, the ‘bay ice.’
1874Disraeli in Buckle Life (1920) V. ix. 354 The waters glittering in the *bay-like coast. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 130 The great forest sweeping away in a bay-like curve.
1779Hist. Eur. in Ann. Reg. (1781) 211/2 The *Bay-men on the Musquito and bay of Honduras shores.
1883Burton & Cameron Gold Coast I. i. 16 The shallow brown waters of the *Bayside.
1856Spirit of Times 6 Sept. 9/1 *Bay Snipe shooting is at its acme, and can be enjoyed everywhere on Long Island. 1875Fur, Fin & Feather 121 It is also a capital place for bay-snipe shooting in summer.
1789S. Davis Jrnl. 1 Sept. in Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc. 1869 (1871) XI. 14 The style of building varies somewhat from that of the *Bay State, as they term Massachusetts. 1837R. M. Bird Nick of Woods I. 132 He was from the Down-East country; a representative of the Bay State. 1845St. Louis Reveille 14 May 2/4 The inhabitants of..Massachusets [are called] Bay Staters. 1856Lowell Biglow P. 37, I love our own Bay-State.
1789Maryland Jrnl. 24 Feb. (Th.), I will exchange a small *Bay Vessel for a large one, and give the difference.
1850H. T. Cheever Whaleman's Adv. vi. 79 *Bay whaling, which destroys the cows about the time of calving. 1853G. B. Earp New Zealand vii. 95 [The] whale fishery [was] carried on chiefly on the coasts of the northern and middle island by means of boats—a method technically called ‘bay-whaling’, these animals frequenting the coasts in great numbers during the breeding season. 1905W. B. Where White Man Treads 36 The lawless pakeha bay-whaler. Ibid. 75 An old-time bay whaling station consisted..of at least two boats. 1913R. McNab Old Whaling Days i. 6 During the following month—November—the remaining bay whalers returned to Sydney. 1933F. D. Ommaney Whaling in N.Z. in Discovery Rep. VII. 243 Much of the Right whale industry was carried on by the method known as ‘bay whaling’. This branch of the fishery derived its name from the Right whales' habit of entering shallow bays and inlets of the coast for the purpose of..calving. 1947A. H. Clark in H. Belshaw New Zealand 32 Fur seals and bay whales (i.e., the right whales) which once frequented the island are now virtually extinct.
▪ III. bay, n.3|beɪ|
Forms: 6 baie, 6–7 baye, 4– bay.
[a. F. baie, OF. baée (L. type badāta), f. bayer, OF. baer, béer to gape, stand open = Pr. and It. badare, as to which see Diez. See prec.]
1. An opening in a wall; esp. the space between two columns.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1392 Heȝe houses withinne þe halle to hit med, So brod bilde in a bay, þat blonkes moȝt renne. c1400Sowdone Bab. 940, O Thow rede Marz ..That in the trende baye hase made thy trone. 1849Freeman Archit. 371 The division into bays by a marked vertical line seems everywhere rigidly preserved. 1870F. Wilson Ch. Lindisf. 102 The last two bays of the nave..are unoccupied. 1884Manch. W. Times 11 Oct. 5/6 The replacing of the tracery of the cloisters..proceeding bay by bay.
2. ‘The division of a barn or other building, generally from fifteen to twenty feet in breadth,’ Gwilt. (See the dialect Glossaries.) Applied to a house, it appears to be the space lying under one gable, or included between two party-walls.
1557Richmond Wills (1853) 101 Ij bayes of rye, bye est. xxxqu. xvb. 1577Holinshed Chron. III. 1198/2 Two and fortie baies of houses. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. ii. i. 255 Ile rent the fairest house in it after three pence a Bay. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Countr. Farm 18 One of the sides of your Barne, all along for the space of three Bayes, shall serue to put your Rie and Wheat in. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict., Bay, a rural Word used to signify the Bigness of a Barn; for if a Barn consists of a Floor and two Heads, wherein they lay Corn, they say a barn of two Bays. 1759Ann. Reg. 127/2 Ten bay of Buildings.
3. Applications of the idea of ‘recess’: e.g. horse-bay, the stall for a horse; sick-bay, part of the fore-part of a ship's main-deck, used as a hospital (see also sick a. 10 a); bomb bay: see bomb n. 6.
1582Wills & Inv. N.C. (1860) II. 47 Iij swalles for a horse baye 8d. 1851Art. Jrnl. Hist. Gt. Exhib. 20/1 The crowding of the bays of the galleries. 1863Man-of-War in Cornh. Mag. Feb., Their ‘sick-bay’ probably does not differ from any hospital ward. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Bay, the fore part of a ship between decks before the bitts. 1885Pall Mall G. 31 Mar. 6/1 The ‘bays’ between the gun stations..afford shelter to the gunners.
4. Applications of ‘intervening space’, usually receding, as bay in plastering, of joists, of roofing.
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 384 Bay, a strip or rib of plaster between screeds, for regulating the floating rule. 1842Gwilt Archit. (1875) 1193 Bay of joists, the joisting between two binding joists, or between two girders, when binding joists are not used. Bay of roofing, the small rafters and their supporting purlins between two principal rafters.
5. a. An internal recess formed by causing a wall to project outwardly beyond the general line, for the reception of a window or other feature.
1428–1741 [see bay-window]. 1805H. Repton Landsc. Gard. 178 Large recesses or bays, sometimes called bowre windows, and now bow windows. 1855Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VI. xlviii. 60 Projecting the bay of the tribune from the flat wall of the basilica. 1877E. Walford Our Gt. Fam. I. 76 A substantial brick house, the front diversified by two bays.
b. Mil. A section of a trench in which the line is modified in order to allow more space for passing.
1916‘Boyd Cable’ Action Front 73 The trenches..with bays and niches cut deep in the side to permit the passing of anyone meeting a line of pack-burdened men in the shoulder-wide alley-way. a1917E. A. Mackintosh War, the Liberator (1918) 154 ‘Don't put it in so high up, boys,’ he said. ‘They'll see it and knock this bay to hell.’
6. A side or subordinate line of railway at a station; also attrib. in bay-line, a line at the side of, and terminating in, a railway station.
1906Westm. Gaz. 20 Sept. 7/1 A bay line out of Grantham Station crosses some of the roads. 1907Ibid. 10 June 9/1 The passenger station has not been interfered with, except in No. 1 bay-line. 1939A. Christie Murder is Easy i. 13 A train..came slowly puffing in and deposited itself in a modest bay.
7. A series of racks in a telephone exchange on which equipment is mounted.
1906J. Poole Pract. Telephone Handbk. (ed. 3) xxi. 291 The incoming and outgoing junction and other..lines are also accommodated on the arrester frame, special bays being reserved for them. 1920Post Office Electr. Engin. Jrnl. Jan. 205 The apparatus is placed on the various bays of the racks.
▪ IV. bay, n.4|beɪ|
Also 4 baie, 5 baye.
[Two different words seem to be here inextricably confused. Originally, the phrase to hold at bay seems ad. OF. tenir a bay (Godefroy) = It. tenere a bada, where bay, bada, means the state of suspense, expectation, or unfulfilled desire, indicated by the open mouth (late L. badare to open the mouth); but to stand at bay, be brought to bay, correspond to mod.F. être aux abois, meaning to be at close quarters with the barking dogs, and bay is here aphetically formed from abay, a. OF. abai barking. See bay v.1 In the phrase at a bay, some early quotations may read at abay.]
I. Barking or baying.
1. The deep prolonged barking of a dog when pursuing or attacking.
1530Palsgr. 196/2 Bay of houndes, aboyement de chiens. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. ii. ii. 3 Vncouple heere, and let vs make a bay, And wake the Emperour. 1784Cowper Task i. 230 The bay of curs. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. i, The deep-mouthed bloodhounds' heavy bay. 1849C. Brontë Shirley xv. 230 Formidable-looking dogs..all bristle and bay.
2. esp. The chorus of barking raised by hounds in immediate conflict with a hunted animal; hence, the final encounter between hounds and the prey they have chased.
c1300K. Alis. 200 Of liouns chas, of beore baityng, And bay of bor. a1400Cov. Myst. 180 Tyl a beggere blede be bestys baye. 1575Turberv. Venerie 125 That there are Bayes in the water and bayes on the lande. 1876G. J. Whyte-Melville Katerfelto xxiii. 261 Soon would burst on his ear that loud and welcome chorus called the ‘bay.’
†b. transf. applied to the singing of birds. Obs.
1513Douglas æneis xii. Prol. 232 Dame naturis menstralis..Thayr blyssfull bay entonyng euery art.
II. Most commonly, and often figuratively, in hunting phrases relating to the position of a hunted animal when, unable to flee farther, it turns, faces the hounds, and defends itself at close quarters.
3. Of the position of the hunted animal: to stand, be (abide obs.) at bay, turn to bay; and of the relative action of the hounds: to hold or have at bay, bring or drive to bay, make a bay at (obs.)
c1314Guy Warw. 245 He stod at a bay, And werd him while that he may. c1350Will. Palerne 35 He gan to berke on þat barn and to baie it hold. 1530Palsgr. 586/2 Yonder stagge is almoste yelden, I here the houndes holde hym at a beye, je os les chiens laboyer, or le tenyr a laboy. 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 309/1 He shall be sette uppon on all sides, they make a bay at him, they will bite him, if it bee possible. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, ii. iii. 128 To rowze his Wrongs, and chase them to the bay. 1611Cotgr., s.v. Acculé..the wild Bore, who, brought vnto a bay, sets him on his Gammons, and..is forced to defende himselfe against both dogs, and men. 1735Somerville Chase iii. 535 He stands at Bay against yon knotty Trunk. 1879Froude Cæsar xxiv. 422 To fight to the last and die at bay.
b. fig. In phr. at a or to the bay: at or to close quarters; in great straits, in distress, at or to one's last extremity. Cf. F. aux abois.
1596Spenser State Irel. 510 a, All former purposes were blanked, the governor at a bay, and, etc. 1599Pass. Pilgr. xi, Ah! that I had my lady at this bay, to kiss and clip me till I run away. 1642Rogers Naaman 17 Shall God haue us at so great a bay as he hath, and shall we wax carelesse. 1682Dryden Medal, Epistle, In utter Despair of your own Satyr, make me Satyrize myself. Some of you have been driven to this Bay already.
4. Of the effective action of the hunted animal: to hold or keep at (a) bay (the assailing hounds); to give the bay to (obs.); and (rarely) of the corresponding position of the hounds: to be at bay.
c1532Ld. Berners Huon (1883) 395 As the wyld bore doth kepe a baye agaynst the mastyues and bayynge houndes. 1553–87Foxe A. & M. III. 239 Whereat the Chancellor was much offended: but Bradford still kept him at the bay. 1577Fenton Guicciard. i. (1599) 35 With his industry..he had giuen the bay to his aduersaries. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 973 She hears the hounds are at a bay. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. 111 620 Thy faithful Dogs..who..hold at Bay The Mountain Robbers. 1711F. Fuller Med. Gymn. Pref., By Riding..keep Death as it were at a Bay. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. III. xiv. 256 The spoils of the church furnished the arms by which the Pope..could be held at bay.
▪ V. bay, n.5|beɪ|
Also 7 baye.
[A word of doubtful standing and origin: it may be questioned whether senses 1 and 2 are really connected, and whether the word in the Promp. Parv. is not bay n.4, but sense 2 does not fall easily under any other of the words spelt bay. For the etymology, the ON. bág-r ‘opposition,’ has been compared, with its derived vb. bægja ‘to push back, hinder’; the latter might be the direct source of the related bay v.4, if we could assume the n. to have been taken from the vb. But if, as seems more likely, the vb. is from the n., the origin of the latter has still to be discovered.]
†1. ‘Obstacle.’ Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 21 Bay, or withstondynge, obstaculum.
2. An embankment or dam to retain water, or divert its course into a mill stream, etc.
1581Lambarde Eiren. iv. iv. (1588) 421 If any persons..have bene assembled..to cut downe any houses, Barnes, Milles, or Bayes. 1604Fr. Bacon's Proph. 507 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 286 The Ducke must have a Bay, the Hawke must have a stone. 1607Cowell Interpr., Baye..is a pond head made vp of a great heith, to keep in a great quantitie or store of water. 1632Sherwood, Bay of plankes, to breake the force of water, moile. 1879Jefferies Wild Life S.C. 126 A strong bay or dam crosses..[the brook], forcing the water into a pond for the cattle.
▪ VI. bay, n.6|beɪ|
Also 7 (in comb.) be-.
[short for bay-antler, earlier be- or bes-antlier, f. OF. bes twice, second, secondary + antler.]
The second branch of a stag's horn, formerly also called the sur-antlier, being next above the ‘antler’ proper, or (as it is now called) brow-antler.
[1611Cotgr, Surandoillier, the beankler or second branch of a Deere's head.] 1863Kingsley Water-Bab. ii. 67 You may..know..what his rights mean, if he has them, brow, bay, tray, and points. 1884Jefferies Red Deer iv. 69 This is a full horn; brow, bay, tray, and three on top, or six points a side. Ibid. 71 The ancient terms..next the bez-antlier, now the bay.
▪ VII. † bay, n.7 Obs. exc. Hist.|ˈbeɪ|
Also 7 baye.
[a. F. baie, or its Du. repr. baai, f. F. bai, baie, the colour bay: see baize.]
1. Baize; originally a fabric of a finer lighter texture than now, the manufacture of which was introduced into England in the 16th c. by fugitives from France and the Netherlands. Usually in the pl., whence the modern corruption baize, q.v.
1581Act 23 Eliz. ix. §1. Pennestones, Bays, Cottons, Hose-Yarn..and other Things. 1648in Rushworth Hist. Coll. iv. II. 1152 In making of Bays and Says. 1660Act 12 Chas. II, xxii, None shall weave in Colchester any bay known by the names of four-and-fifties, sixties..but within two days after weaving shall carry it to the Dutch Bay Hall to be viewed. 1713Guardian No. 170 (1756) II. 344 Colchester bays, Exeter serges. 1727–51Chambers Cycl., Bay is also a sort of woollen stuff, made chiefly in Colchester, where there is a hall, called the Dutch Bay-hall.
2. Comb., as bay-maker, bay-making, bay-market, bay-trade, bay-yarn; bay-hall a hall in Colchester used as an exchange by traders in this commodity.
1684Lond. Gaz. No. 1988/3 The Moot-Hall and Bay-Hall hung with the same. 1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4501/4 Zacheus Skingsley of Colchester..Baymaker. 1753Scots Mag. Nov. 538/1 Woollen or bay yarn. 1858People's Hist. Gt. Brit. 104 The Protestants..fled many to this country bringing with them the art of Bay and say making.
▪ VIII. bay, n.8
[Of uncertain origin and sense: cf. beck.]
1593Peele Edward I 381 (D). Friar, I am at beck and bay, And at thy commandment to sing and say.
▪ IX. bay, a.1 (and n.1)|beɪ|
Also 5–6 baye, 6–7 baie.
[a. F. bai bay-coloured:—L. badius, mentioned by Varro in a list of colours appropriate to horses.]
1. A reddish brown colour;
a. generally used of horses, and taken to include various shades. Hence qualified as bright-bay, light-bay, blood-bay, golden-bay.
c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 1072 His stede bay. 1420E.E. Wills (1882) 53 A bay hors þat was Gerards my son. 1460Lybeaus Disc. 462 An stedes baye brown. 1551T. Wilson Logike 79 All horses bee not of one colour, but..some baye, some daple. 1622Peacham Compl. Gentl. i. xxiv. (1634) 85 A Bay or a Chesnut Colour, of all others it is most to be commended in Horses. 1671Lond. Gaz. No. 636/4 Stoln..a Bay Ball Nag. 1715Addison Drummer v. i. concl., I have a horse..a bay gelding. 1823Lockhart Vow of Reduan xi. in Sp. Ball., He spurred his bright bay mare. 1860J. Brown Horæ Subs., My Father's Mem., His little blood bay horse.
b. rarely used otherwise.
1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xii. (1694) I. 45 He made him also change his colour of Hair..from Bay, Brown, to Sorrel..gingioline. 1839Lady Lytton Cheveley II. v. 143 Mrs. Tymmons had been a blonde, and consequently had subsided into a bay wig.
2. as n., ellipt. for ‘bay horse.’
1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 187 Occa..Vpoun ane bay out of the feild him bair. a1600Came you not fr. N. in Furnivall Percy Folio I. 253 Met yee not my true loue ryding on a bony bay. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. I. 327 The horse was of a Palm colour, which is a bright red. We call such horses bays. 1781Cowper Retirem. 392 Lolls at his ease behind four handsome bays. 1884Times 27 Feb. 7/6 The compact, black-legged bays of Essex.
b. The Bays: see quots.
1837R. Cannon Hist. Records Brit. Army, Second Dragoon Guards 64 About this period [sc. 1767] the regiment was mounted on Bay Horses; and as the other regiments of heavy cavalry were mounted on black horses (except the Scots Greys) the Queen's Dragoon Guards were commonly styled the Queen's Bays. 1878R. Trimen Regiments Brit. Army 14 Second Dragoon Guards... Being mounted on bay horses about 1767 caused it to be called the ‘Queens Bays’... It is now commonly called ‘the Bays’.
3. Comb., as bay-brown, bay-coloured.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Vayo, baye coloured. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Countr. Farm 675 The baie coloured ones haue the second place for goodnesse. 1852T. Harris Insects New Eng. 85 [An insect] of a light bay-brown color, with the head and antennæ darker.
▪ X. bay, v.1|beɪ|
Also 5–6 baye.
[Partly a. OF. baye-r, more frequently occurring in the deriv. abayer (see Littré s.v. aboyer; cf. It. bajare, abbajare to bark) of uncertain origin; but influenced in later Eng. use by bay n.4, in phrases ‘at bay, to bay,’ so that the two notions were even more inextricably blended than in the n.
(Diez's reference of abayer to L. *ad-baubāre ‘to bark at’ is now rejected; recently it has been proposed to connect it with badāre, in which case both words would ultimately be from the same source.)]
1. To bark, properly applied to the deep voice of a large dog, as a hound or mastiff. Const. on, at (with indirect passive ‘to be bayed at’).
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1142 Braches bayed þerfore & breme noyse maked. 1486Bk. St. Albans E viij, They. houndes all Bayen and cryen. 1530Palsgr. 442/2 This hounde bayeth at somwhat: ce chien aboye a quelque choses 1596Spenser F.Q. i. v. 30 The wakefull dogs did never cease to bay. a1771Gray Poems (1775) 50 Hoarse he bays with hideous din. 1805Scott Last. Minstr. i. vi, They watch to hear the blood hound baying.
†b. (said of other animals.) Obs.
c1450Holland Houlat, Sum bird will bay at my beke, and sum will me byte.
2. fig. Applied (depreciatively) to the noise of human assailants.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeless iii. 235 And alle þe berdles burnes bayed on him euere. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. Pref. 18 Zoilvs crew, Who'le dayly at thee bay. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. ii. iii. 99 What moves Ajax thus to bay at him?
3. trans. To bark at, to assail with barking.
c1420Avow. Arth. vii, The raches comun reuynyng him by And bayet him fulle boldely. 1596Drayton Leg. iii. 669 Some againe did bay me, As hungrie Wolves at Passengers doe howle. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iv. iii. 27, I had rather be a dog, and bay the moon, Than such a Roman. c1800K. White Clift Gr. 166 The deep-mouth'd mastiff bays the troubled night. 1866Howells Venet. Life (1883) I. iv. 75 Sleepless youths who there melodiously bayed the moon in chorus.
b. fig. of persons.
1796–7Coleridge Poems (1862) 34 Though superstition and her wolfish brood Bay his mild radiance. 1839Bailey Festus v. (1848) 36 Millions..bay a mind Which drives the darkness out of them, like hounds.
4. To give forth, utter, or express by baying.
1591Spenser Virg. Gnat xliv, Cerberus, whose many mouthes doo bay And barke out flames. 1856Kane Arct. Exp. I. xxii. 279 These faithful servants generally bayed their full-mouth welcome from afar off.
5. To pursue with barking like a pack of hounds; to drive to bay with barking.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. iv. i. 118 In a wood of Creete they bayed the Beare With hounds of Sparta. 1597― 2 Hen. IV, i. iii. 80 He leaves his backe vnarm'd, the French, and Welch Baying him at the heeles. 1661Hickeringill Jamaica 17 The whole Herd making homewards so soon as ever the Doggs do Bay them. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. vii. (1879) 136 The jaguar is killed by the aid of dogs baying and driving him up a tree.
6. To bring to bay, hold at bay. (The notion of barking disappears.)
1575Turberv. Bk. Venerie 239 We tree and baye both Martern and wild Catte. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iv. i. 49 We are at the stake, And bayed about with many Enemies. 1713Guardian No. 125 (1756) II. 164 He taught to turn the hare, to bay the deer. 1795Southey Joan of Arc vi. 96 The men of Orleans, Long by their foemen bay'd.
▪ XI. bay, v.2|beɪ|
[A later deriv. of the n. in the expression ‘at bay,’ due to the ambiguity with which that was said both of the pursued and of the pursuing animal: see bay n.4]
1. intr. To turn to bay, stand at bay.
1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Rich II, civ, They knew Hee Bay'd to their Destruction. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. ii. v. 325 When a stag turns his head against the hounds, he is said to bay.
2. trans. To stand at bay against. rare.
1848G. Ruxton in Blackw. Mag. LXIII. 719 Baying his enemies like the hunted deer.
▪ XII. † bay, v.3 Obs. rare—1.
[a. OF. baye-r, bée-r to gape, seek with open mouth:—late L. badāre to gape, be open.]
To seek with open mouth, as the young of animals for the dugs.
1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong., Bayer á la mamelle, to seeke or baye for the dugge.
▪ XIII. bay, v.4|beɪ|
[Immediately connected with bay n.5, but whether as its source or derivative does not appear; the latter is more likely. Supposing the vb. to be the source, it has been conjecturally derived from ON. bægjan ‘to push back, hinder’; it might also be referred to ‘hold at bay’ in some of its uses (see bay n.4): or even to bay n.2 or n.3 in some of their applications.]
trans. To obstruct, dam (water): often with up, back.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas i. ii. (1641) 18/2 He, whose pow'rfull hand Bay'd-up the Red-Sea with a double Wall. 1635Carpenter Geog. Del. ii. x. 177 By baying vp the Riuers into certaine Artificiall Channells. 1883Sir A. Hobhouse Law Rep. IX. Appeal 177 The defendants' barrier has been found to bay back the water to a maximum depth of twenty-two inches.
▪ XIV. † bay(e, v.5 Obs. rare—1.
[app. a pseudo-archaism; cf. the similar use of embay in same work i. vii. 3.]
? To bathe, immerse.
1596Spenser F.Q. i. vii. 3 He..bayes His sweatie fore⁓head in the breathing wind.
▪ XV. bay, v.6
[f. bay n.2]
intr. To spread out in a bay-like form.
1906‘A. Hope’ Sophy of Kravonia viii, The town was no more than one long street, which bayed out at the farther end into a market-place. |