| 释义 |
royalty|ˈrɔɪəltɪ|
Forms: 4–6 royalte, 5–6 -tee, 6 -tye (5 royalltye), 6–7 -tie, 6– royalty; 5 ro(i)alte, 5–6 roialtie.
[a. OF. roialté: see royal a. Cf. also realty1 and rialty.]
1. a. The office or position of a sovereign; royal dignity; royal power, sovereignty.
c1398Chaucer Fortune 60 Whi sholdist thou my Roialte oppresse? 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 151 Of the roialte and riches of goode men comyth goodnys. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 156 b, Though the kynge were before hym in his robes of golde, he wolde lytell regarde his royalte. 1595Shakes. John v. ii. 130 Heare our English King, For thus his Royaltie doth speake in me. 1605Camden Rem. (1623) 47 Vpon which name of Basilides, deriued from Basilius, signifying a King, he assured himselfe of royalty. 1704Trapp Abra-Mulé ii. i, Exert your Royalty, and be your self. 1769Goldsm. Hist. Rome (1786) I. 39 Tarquin..added also the ensigns of royalty, in imitation of the Lydian kings. 1813Ann. Reg., Hist. 16 He might live many years, though incapable of the functions of royalty. 1860Ruskin Unto this Last (1862) 79 All true royalty is ruling power.
transf. and fig.1844Kinglake Eothen xvii, The Arab superbly stalking under his striped blanket that hung like royalty upon his stately form. 1873Hamerton Intell. Life x. ix. 382 The splendour of a recognized intellectual royalty.
†b. The personality of a sovereign; (his or her) majesty. Obs.
1581J. Derricke Image Irel. D iij, Her Maiestie.., whose royaltie not only wisheth them good, but also doth them good. c1590Greene Fr. Bacon ix, I came to have your royalties to dine With Friar Bacon here in Brazen-nose. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. i. ii. 15, I haue stay'd To tyre your Royaltie.
†c. The sovereignty or sovereign rule of (a state).
1592Nobody & Somebody C iv b, Which of you will perswade my Elidure To take vpon him Englands royaltie? 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iii. iv. 42 His Masters Child, as worshipfully he tearmes it, Shall lose the Royaltie of Englands Throne.
†d. Authority or warrant to do something. Obs.
1633Ford Broken Ht. iii. ii, Your fiery metal, or your springal blaze Of huge renown, is no sufficient royalty To print upon my forehead the scorn, cuckold.
2. a. Magnificence, pomp, splendour. ? Obs.
c1400Sowdone Bab. 54 He roode tho vppon a Foreste stronde With grete rowte and roialte. 1470–85Malory Arthur iii. i. 101 And so they rode fresshly with grete royalte..tyl that they came nyghe vnto london. 1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. cxlii. Wks. (1876) 249 Salomon in all his royalte was neuer cladde with so fayre a colour and beaute. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. i. 9 Nature, which dooth heere present hir selfe in all hir royaltie. 1642J. Eaton Honey-c. Free Justif. 465 Who is able to value the royalty of this marriage accordingly?
†b. pl. Royal qualities. Obs.—1
1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. 171 As manie as have written of the praises and roialties of that vertue.
3. Kinglike or majestic character or quality; greatness, lordliness; munificence, generosity.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 74 b, The Frenchemen made bokes, shewyng the triumphant doynges of the Cardinalles royaltie. 1605Shakes. Macb. iii. i. 50 In his Royaltie of Nature reignes that Which would be fear'd. 1611― Cymb. iv. ii. 178 'Tis wonder That an inuisible instinct should frame them To Royalty vnlearn'd. 1629Gaule Holy Madn. 102 In a certaine royalty of Speech. 1769Gray Ode Installat. 81 Profane thy inborn royalty of mind. 1836Lytton Athens (1837) II. 522 He ascribes her fears to the royalty of her spirit. 1878Simpson Sch. Shaks. I. 51 A notorious spendthrift, without money of his own, but famous for his royalty to men at arms.
4. a. Royal persons collectively or individually.
1480Robt. Devyll 496 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 238 There lyeth the Duches of Normandye, With many a lorde of her counsell, Of all thys greate lande the royalltye. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, v. ii. 5 As a branch and member of this Royalty, By whom this great assembly is contriu'd. 1605― Macb. iv. iii. 155 To the succeeding Royalty he leaues The healing Benediction.
1743R. Blair Grave 133 Proud Royalty! how altered in thy looks! 1752Mason Elfrida let. i, Affections rais'd rather from the impulse of common humanity, than the distresses of royalty and the fate of kingdoms. 1809Malkin Gil Blas viii. xi. ⁋4, I had to beat the hoof so long, that I began to suspect..royalty had gone another way. 1865Kingsley Herew. iv, Treating him very much, in fact, as English royalty during the last generation treated another Irish bard.
b. pl. Royal persons; members of the royal family. Also transf.
1813Lady Burghersh Lett. (1893) 51 They are just like the Windsor Royalties, for they literally know every thing. 1865Ruskin Sesame i. §42 If less than this, they are..dramatic royalties. 1885Rider Haggard K. Solomon's Mines xvi. 269 This long line of departed royalties (there were twenty-seven of them).
c. pl. Anecdotes about royal persons. nonce-use.
1748H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 221, I have told you royalties enough!
5. a. pl. Prerogatives, rights, or privileges pertaining to, or enjoyed by, the sovereign. Also rarely in sing.
a1400Morte Arth. 4005, I salle neuer..regnne in my royaltez, ne halde my Rownde Table. 1480Caxton Chron. vii. (1520) 85 b, Other royaltees that perteyne unto the crowne. 1585Abp. Sandys Serm. xv. 260 Forgetting quite the losse of all other royalties whatsoeuer, he maketh mone for nothing, but onely this. 1595Shakes. John ii. i. 176 Thou and thine vsurpe The Dominations, Royalties, and rights Of this oppressed boy. 1633Burroughs Sov. Brit. Seas (1651) 6 It were strange to thinke that Princes..will relinquish the possession of those Royalties which they and their Ancestors have held beyond all memory. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 451 Wherefore do I assume These Royalties, and not refuse to Reign? c1670Hobbes Dial. Com. Laws (1681) 75 The Wages heretofore shall stand, so as the Kings Royalty be saved. 1855W. H. Mill Applic. Panth. Princ. (1861) 185 The heir to the deserted throne and lost royalties of David.
†b. pl. Emblems or insignia of sovereignty. Obs.
1607R. C[arew] tr. Estienne's World of Wonders 122 This iolly Iupiter clothed in his royalties. 1716B. Church Hist. Philip's War (1865) I. 173 He told Capt. Church, these were Philips Royalties which he was wont to adorn himself with when he sat in State. 1769Goldsm. Hist. Rome (1786) I. 39 He assumed a crown of gold..and robes of purple. It was, perhaps, the splendour of these royalties that first raised the envy of the late king's sons.
6. a. A royal prerogative or right, esp. in respect of jurisdiction, granted by the sovereign to an individual or corporation.
1483Rolls of Parlt. VI. 255/2 Seased of the Lordships and Mannours of Coverton, and the Roialtie of the Hundred of Penwith. 1576in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 383 The Maior and Burgesses of Oxon do stande so muche..uppon theire right and royaltie of the Thames. 1634–5Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) I. 151 Sir Henry Wallope..hath a very brave command and royalty and revenue hereabout. 1708Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. (1710) 333 Its Royalty was transmitted to Jedburgh, the Chief Royal Burgh of the Shire. 1767Ann. Reg. i. 92 The bill for extending the royalty of the city of Edinburgh over certain adjoining lands. 1849Greenwell Coal-trade Terms 45 Royalty, the minerals, with the right of working them... Beneath copyhold land, the royalty is vested in the lord of the manor. 1878Stubbs Const. Hist. III. xx. 433 The lordship of Man was accounted as a royalty and conveyed within the island itself certain sovereign rights.
b. pl. (In later use chiefly denoting rights over minerals.) Also fig.
1580Dee Diary (Camden) 8, Sept. 10th Sir Humfry Gilbert graunted me my request to him made by letter, for the royalties of discovery all to the North above the parallell of the 50 degree of latitude. 1598Bp. Hall Sat. v. iii. 81 Buy out the remnant of his royalties. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 589 The Kings authority hath..abrogated all those royalties, prerogatives, and priviledges, which the Lords Marchers enjoyed. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xvi. (1739) 32 Mines of Gold and Silver, Treasure trove, Mulcts for offences, and other privileges, which being originally in the Kings, were by them granted, and made Royalties in the hands of Subjects. 1676Marvell Gen. Councils Wks. (Grosart) IV. 145 The sufferings of the Laity were become the royalties of the Clergy.
1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxi. IV. 647 With the property were inseparably connected extensive royalties. 1878F. S. Williams Midl. Railw. 580 Landed proprietors here as elsewhere became anxious to lease their royalties.
c. A payment made to the landowner by the lessee of a mine in return for the privilege of working it. Also, a payment made, or a portion of the production given, by a producer of minerals, oil, or natural gas to the owner of the site or of the mineral rights over it. Also attrib.
1839Penny Cycl. XV. 231/1 This payment, which is denominated ‘dues’ or ‘royalty’,..is..a matter of right, and claimed..whether the mine is profitable to the parties working it or not. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining 1 Royalty or rent paid by the lessee for working and disposing of minerals. 1896B. Redwood Petroleum I. v. 250 Such leases are often transferred at a larger royalty, especially after the territory has been proved productive. 1949Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) i. 8 Oil companies wishing to prospect in a foreign country have first to make an agreement with the Government of that country... This agreement determines the royalties payable. 1971Williams & Meyers Oil & Gas Terms (ed. 3) 390 The landowner's royalty is typically 1/8th of production.
attrib.1892Daily News 15 Mar. 6/1 The enormous royalty rents paid..for the right to get coal. 1977Time 5 Dec. 59/1 What had really blown was a giant natural-gas well that probably will make Lucy and her husband, Walter Parlange, royalty rich.
d. A sum paid to the proprietor of a patented invention for the use of it.
1864in Webster. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 103 For share of royalties given by a foreign patentee to his agent in England.
e. A payment made to an author, editor, or composer for each copy of a book, piece of music, etc., sold by the publisher, or for the representation of a play. Also attrib.
1857Mrs. Gaskell Let. 26 Nov. (1966) 484 He was to have the sale of them for three years..paying me a royalty of 3d on each copy sold. 1867J. Spedding Publishers & Authors 25 In order to translate the substance of the bargain into a percentage upon the sale, (or a ‘royalty’, as we call it,) it is only necessary to divide the total estimated profit by the number of copies through the sale of which it is to be made. 1875Hardy Let. 4 Nov. (1978) I. 40 Name of book. Copies sold in the half year. Retail price of same. 10 per cent royalty. 1880Scribner's Mag. May 138 Houses which..paid no royalty to authors. 1883Manch. Exam. 22 Nov. 5/3 If people could not sing these songs in private houses,..the publisher would lose his trade and the author his royalty. 1885Times 3 April 4/4 Abt's compositions..seldom rise above the level of what in England is called the ‘royalty song’. 1894Daily News 6 June 2/4 The royalties, that is to say the payments made during the year 1893 for permission to represent the play. 1974R. Rendell Face of Trespass iv. 43 He began worrying about his royalty statement. a1976A. Christie Autobiogr. (1977) VI. iv. 318, I had not kept any of the royalty statements sent me.
f. A periodic payment for the right or privilege of using another person's know-how under a know-how or trade secrets agreement.
1962Conveyancer XXVI. 368 Some sort of lump-sum payment on the signing of the agreement will usually be appropriate, since it must be recognised that the seller runs a risk when he hands over the initial batch of information and documents. Beyond that, it is common to provide for some sort of royalty on turnover. Ibid. 369 The seller..will be willing to accept a reasonably widely drawn royalty clause on the basis that if the seller's methods turn out to be usable..they are certain to incorporate a good deal of indispensable information. 1973J. P. Cunningham Competition Law of E.E.C. viii. 172 The know-how agreements between Happich and Gallino and between Happich and Maglum contained provisions requiring the licensees to pay royalties to Happich.
7. a. Sc. = rialty 2 c.
1597Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Schireff, The indwellers within the schireff-dom and royaltie thereof. 1765–8Erskine Inst. Law Scot. i. iv. §7 Royal palaces, though locally situated in boroughs of regality, were adjudged to be no part of the regality, but of the royalty. 1839Blackw. Mag. XLVI. 299 There are within the city of Glasgow, properly so called, technically named ‘the royalty’, one hundred and two thousand inhabitants. 1860Cairns Mem. J. Brown vi. 179 All beyond the bounds of what is called the royalty were exempted.
b. A domain, manor, etc., in possession of royal rights or privileges. ? Obs.
1652Needham Selden's Mare Cl. 94 For a man to bee forbidden to Fish before my Hous or Royaltie is the common custom, although grounded upon no Law. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 202 An ancient Custom of the Royalty of Ensham. 1710Steele Tatler No. 169 ⁋5, I have bought that little Hovel which borders upon his Royalty.
c. Mining. (See quots.)
1867W. W. Smyth Coal & Coal-mining 120 The roads which should remain open as thoroughfares for the working of the distant parts of the ‘royalty’ or field of operations. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining 207 Royalty, the mineral estate or area of a colliery, or a portion of such property. A field of mining operations.
d. Ir. (See quot.)
App. a nonce-use based on Ir. Ráth na Ríoghradh the rath of the royalty, a name for the rath at Tara (A. J. Bliss).
1893W. B. Yeats Celtic Twilight 104 They came to a royalty (a name for the little circular ditches, commonly called raths or forts, with which Ireland is covered since Pagan times).
8. a. A royal domain; a kingdom, realm; a monarchical state.
1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 88 In quondam times her royalties were more spacious, as soveranizing over many Townes of quality a great way removed. 1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. ii. (1840) 38 This petty royalty,..raised upon the foot of chance, rather than blood. a1754Carte Hist. Eng. (1755) IV. 3 All republicks were formed upon the ruin of such little royalties. 1758Ann. Reg. 6 She raised herself..to an electorate, and at last to a royalty, not only in name but in power. 1878Stubbs Lect. Mod. Hist. (1886) 204 The titles of the several royalties which thus came to an end were claimed..by other competitors.
transf.1812Southey in Q. Rev. VII. 72 Each [raven] taking a particular district as their peculiar royalty.
b. Monarchical government.
1878Stubbs Const. Hist. III. xviii. §365 The politic royalty of England, distinguished from the government of absolute kingdoms by the fact that it is rooted in the desire and institution of the nation. 1898Bodley France II. iii. i. 1 While the Chief of the Executive has..been called King or Emperor, there has been no royalty in France. |