Kallarn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈkalɑː/, U.S.

/ˈkɑlɑr/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, Kallars.

Forms:

α. 1700s–1900s Collery, 1800s Colaree, 1800s Kallari, 1800s Kallary, 1800s Koleree, 1800s–1900s Collary.

β. 1700s Caller, 1700s–1800s Kaller, 1800s Culler, 1800s Kolar, 1800s– Kalla, 1800s– Kallar, 2000s– Kalar.

γ. 1800s– Kallan Brit. /ˈkalən/, U.S. /ˈkɑlən/.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Malayalam. Partly a borrowing from Tamil. Etymons: Malayalam Kallāri; Tamil kaḷḷar.

Etymology: Partly (in α. forms) < Malayalam Kallāri, apparently reflecting a self-designation, perhaps ultimately related to Kol , the name of a Munda people (see Kol n.), and partly (in β. and γ. forms) < Tamil kaḷḷar (singular kaḷḷaṉ), although the relationship (if any) with the Malayalam word is unclear.The Tamil name is sometimes associated with Tamil kaḷḷaṉ thief, deceitful person (compare quot. 1763 at sense A.α. ), but that is apparently a folk etymology.

A. n.

A member of a Tamil-speaking caste or people inhabiting an area of south-eastern Tamil Nadu in southern India.Although the Kallar group is often referred to as a caste, the term Kallar was probably originally applied to a much looser grouping of people, and is still often used as a self-designation which is not regarded as part of a caste system; see e.g. quot. 2022 at sense B.β. .Quots. in the 18th and 19th centuries often reflect a former reputation for robbery and lawlessness under colonial rule (cf. note in Etymology); the Kallar are also often associated with warfare (esp. as mercenaries), and have been a dominant group or caste in parts of Tamil Nadu.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > Kolarian peoples

Collery1763

Santal1852

Korkua1863

Korwa1865

α.

1757 Let. in Rec. Fort St. George (1913) 103 Cap^t Caillaud..entered the Fort in a brave manner by the assistance of the Colleries of Darsangnat.

1763 R. Orme Hist. Mil. Trans. Brit. Nation I. 212 The Polygar Tondeman..likewise sent 400 horse and 3000 Colleries; these are a people..who..inhabit the woods between Tritchanapoly and Cape Comarin; their name in their own language signifies Thieves.

1794 C. F. Schwartz Let. 13 Feb. in Acct. Soc. for Promoting Christian Knowl. (1795) 121 When the Collaries committed great Outrages, in their plundering Expeditions, Seapoys were sent out to adjust Matters.

1811 C. Buchanan Two Disc. preached before Univ. Cambr. 27 The Esquimaux Indians of Labrador; the Colarees of the Decan in India; the African slaves of several islands in the West Indies; and the natives of Caffaria.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. iv. 143 1120 colleries (irregular troops of the southern Polygars).

1899 Boy's Own Paper 23 Dec. 114/1 Up came a native trooper to report that the wounded Koleree ‘prayed to speak with the Major Sahib, having a certain communication to make to him’.

β. 1757 Let. 17 May in Rec. Fort St. George (1913) 92 On the 10^th at 3 O'Clock in the Afternoon, the Kallers seiz'd the Cattle at Sarangam and brought them to the Fort.1794 C. F. Schwartz Let. 13 Feb. in Acct. Soc. for Promoting Christian Knowl. (1795) 120 First of all, the Kaller, (or as they are commonly called, Collaries) believed my Word.1838 Madras Jrnl. Lit. & Sci. 7 22 The Kallars ravaged the country even to the gates of the fort.1862 W. Taylor tr. in Catal. Raisonné Oriental Manuscripts III. 359 He fought with the Védars and Kallars of those districts; and put them to the sword.1990 Indian Express (Madurai) 19 Jan. 3/3 Seventeen Harijans were injured in a clash between Harijans and Kallars at Kaarakottai village near Vaduvur on Wednesday night.2007 D. P. Behera Childhoods in S. Asia 121 The Kallar are the dominant caste throughout the region [sc. Tamil Nadu], they are big landowners for whom the Muthuraja and the Vagri work.γ. 1868 J. H. Nelson Madura Country ii. ii. 44 Some Kallans belonging to the Vella..Nâdu..came down south with a number of dogs on a grand hunting expedition.1912 E. B. Denham Ceylon Census 1911 viii. 229 There is a Tamil proverb that ‘A Kallan may become a Maravan; by respectability he may develop into an Ayamudaiyan, [etc.].’1935 Census of India 1931 I. iii. b. 12 A Kallan chief..would..provide a Kallan girl to accompany the party as a guide; so long as they were so accompanied no other Kallan will touch them.1991 G. A. Oddie Hindu & Christian in S.-E. Asia vi. 135 Valaiyans, vaniyans and kallans were beginning to employ brahman priests (thus opening the way for further changes in ritual and religious ideas).

B. adj.

Designating the Kallars of south-eastern Tamil Nadu; of or relating to the Kallars.See notes at A.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > Kolarian peoples

Kolarian1866

Santali1969

α.

1779 J. P. Fabricius Tamiḻum aṅkilēcum māyirukkiṟu akarāti: Malabar & Eng. Dict. 47/2 One of the Collery-tribe.

1808 Christian Observer Apr. 263/1 Of these new converts, the majority were of the Collary caste, and proprietors of lands cultivated by themselves.

1847 W. Taylor Mem. 1st Centenary Earliest Protestant Mission Madras 87 Mr. Kohlhoff had given like aid in the Collary villages, between Trichinopoly and Tanjore.

1899 Boy's Own Paper 23 Dec. 114/1 The day went by..but still there was no sign of the Koleree messenger's return, or of the missing horses.

β. 1835 W. Taylor tr. in Oriental Hist. MSS Tamil Lang. II. 253 Narasingama-Naicker went into the country of the Kallar (Collary) people, assembled and brought with him a small body of men, and..assaulted the camp of Valapaiyer.1896 Independent (N.Y.) 22 Oct. 11/2 When a man loses..a pair of bullocks a sum of money to his Kalla watchman will almost surely secure his bullocks.1917 H. Dodwell in tr. A. R. Pillai Diary V. 325 [The Visanganâdu Kallars are] a sub-division of the Kallar caste.1990 Indian Express (Madurai) 19 Jan. 3/3 Two huts one each from Harijan and Kallar communities were burnt.2022 @UmapathymM 12 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 11 Apr. 2022) [Responding to You're just defending zoho based upon caste preferences uncle] No. I am kallar..here caste doesn't matter.γ. 1874 J. T. Wheeler Hist. India III. viii. 391 In the present day a Kallan boy of fifteen must marry a cousin, even if she is thirty or forty, if the father of the woman insists upon it.1883 R. Sewell Sketch Dynasties Southern India 85 He fell in love with a girl of the Kaḷḷan caste, married her, and appointed her brother chief of the district of Pudukōṭṭai.1935 Census of India 1931 I. iii. b. 12 Traders going through their country used..to pay blackmail to a Kallan chief, who would then provide a Kallan girl to accompany the party as a guide.2008 I. V. Peterson in M. A. Selby & I. V. Peterson Tamil Geographies iii. 62 The principal characters..are respectively a nomadic Kuṟavar couple, Paḷḷar agricultural laborers, and a Kaḷḷaṉ horse thief who travels the Tamil countryside.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022).

单词	kallar
释义	Kallarn.adj. Brit. /ˈkalɑː/, U.S. /ˈkɑlɑr/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, Kallars. Forms: α. 1700s–1900s Collery, 1800s Colaree, 1800s Kallari, 1800s Kallary, 1800s Koleree, 1800s–1900s Collary. β. 1700s Caller, 1700s–1800s Kaller, 1800s Culler, 1800s Kolar, 1800s– Kalla, 1800s– Kallar, 2000s– Kalar. γ. 1800s– Kallan Brit. /ˈkalən/, U.S. /ˈkɑlən/. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Malayalam. Partly a borrowing from Tamil. Etymons: Malayalam Kallāri; Tamil kaḷḷar. Etymology: Partly (in α. forms) < Malayalam Kallāri, apparently reflecting a self-designation, perhaps ultimately related to Kol , the name of a Munda people (see Kol n.), and partly (in β. and γ. forms) < Tamil kaḷḷar (singular kaḷḷaṉ), although the relationship (if any) with the Malayalam word is unclear.The Tamil name is sometimes associated with Tamil kaḷḷaṉ thief, deceitful person (compare quot. 1763 at sense A.α. ), but that is apparently a folk etymology. A. n. A member of a Tamil-speaking caste or people inhabiting an area of south-eastern Tamil Nadu in southern India.Although the Kallar group is often referred to as a caste, the term Kallar was probably originally applied to a much looser grouping of people, and is still often used as a self-designation which is not regarded as part of a caste system; see e.g. quot. 2022 at sense B.β. .Quots. in the 18th and 19th centuries often reflect a former reputation for robbery and lawlessness under colonial rule (cf. note in Etymology); the Kallar are also often associated with warfare (esp. as mercenaries), and have been a dominant group or caste in parts of Tamil Nadu. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > Kolarian peoples Collery1763 Santal1852 Korkua1863 Korwa1865 α. 1757 Let. in Rec. Fort St. George (1913) 103 Cap^t Caillaud..entered the Fort in a brave manner by the assistance of the Colleries of Darsangnat. 1763 R. Orme Hist. Mil. Trans. Brit. Nation I. 212 The Polygar Tondeman..likewise sent 400 horse and 3000 Colleries; these are a people..who..inhabit the woods between Tritchanapoly and Cape Comarin; their name in their own language signifies Thieves. 1794 C. F. Schwartz Let. 13 Feb. in Acct. Soc. for Promoting Christian Knowl. (1795) 121 When the Collaries committed great Outrages, in their plundering Expeditions, Seapoys were sent out to adjust Matters. 1811 C. Buchanan Two Disc. preached before Univ. Cambr. 27 The Esquimaux Indians of Labrador; the Colarees of the Decan in India; the African slaves of several islands in the West Indies; and the natives of Caffaria. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. iv. 143 1120 colleries (irregular troops of the southern Polygars). 1899 Boy's Own Paper 23 Dec. 114/1 Up came a native trooper to report that the wounded Koleree ‘prayed to speak with the Major Sahib, having a certain communication to make to him’. β. 1757 Let. 17 May in Rec. Fort St. George (1913) 92 On the 10^th at 3 O'Clock in the Afternoon, the Kallers seiz'd the Cattle at Sarangam and brought them to the Fort.1794 C. F. Schwartz Let. 13 Feb. in Acct. Soc. for Promoting Christian Knowl. (1795) 120 First of all, the Kaller, (or as they are commonly called, Collaries) believed my Word.1838 Madras Jrnl. Lit. & Sci. 7 22 The Kallars ravaged the country even to the gates of the fort.1862 W. Taylor tr. in Catal. Raisonné Oriental Manuscripts III. 359 He fought with the Védars and Kallars of those districts; and put them to the sword.1990 Indian Express (Madurai) 19 Jan. 3/3 Seventeen Harijans were injured in a clash between Harijans and Kallars at Kaarakottai village near Vaduvur on Wednesday night.2007 D. P. Behera Childhoods in S. Asia 121 The Kallar are the dominant caste throughout the region [sc. Tamil Nadu], they are big landowners for whom the Muthuraja and the Vagri work.γ. 1868 J. H. Nelson Madura Country ii. ii. 44 Some Kallans belonging to the Vella..Nâdu..came down south with a number of dogs on a grand hunting expedition.1912 E. B. Denham Ceylon Census 1911 viii. 229 There is a Tamil proverb that ‘A Kallan may become a Maravan; by respectability he may develop into an Ayamudaiyan, [etc.].’1935 Census of India 1931 I. iii. b. 12 A Kallan chief..would..provide a Kallan girl to accompany the party as a guide; so long as they were so accompanied no other Kallan will touch them.1991 G. A. Oddie Hindu & Christian in S.-E. Asia vi. 135 Valaiyans, vaniyans and kallans were beginning to employ brahman priests (thus opening the way for further changes in ritual and religious ideas). B. adj. Designating the Kallars of south-eastern Tamil Nadu; of or relating to the Kallars.See notes at A. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > Kolarian peoples Kolarian1866 Santali1969 α. 1779 J. P. Fabricius Tamiḻum aṅkilēcum māyirukkiṟu akarāti: Malabar & Eng. Dict. 47/2 One of the Collery-tribe. 1808 Christian Observer Apr. 263/1 Of these new converts, the majority were of the Collary caste, and proprietors of lands cultivated by themselves. 1847 W. Taylor Mem. 1st Centenary Earliest Protestant Mission Madras 87 Mr. Kohlhoff had given like aid in the Collary villages, between Trichinopoly and Tanjore. 1899 Boy's Own Paper 23 Dec. 114/1 The day went by..but still there was no sign of the Koleree messenger's return, or of the missing horses. β. 1835 W. Taylor tr. in Oriental Hist. MSS Tamil Lang. II. 253 Narasingama-Naicker went into the country of the Kallar (Collary) people, assembled and brought with him a small body of men, and..assaulted the camp of Valapaiyer.1896 Independent (N.Y.) 22 Oct. 11/2 When a man loses..a pair of bullocks a sum of money to his Kalla watchman will almost surely secure his bullocks.1917 H. Dodwell in tr. A. R. Pillai Diary V. 325 [The Visanganâdu Kallars are] a sub-division of the Kallar caste.1990 Indian Express (Madurai) 19 Jan. 3/3 Two huts one each from Harijan and Kallar communities were burnt.2022 @UmapathymM 12 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 11 Apr. 2022) [Responding to You're just defending zoho based upon caste preferences uncle] No. I am kallar..here caste doesn't matter.γ. 1874 J. T. Wheeler Hist. India III. viii. 391 In the present day a Kallan boy of fifteen must marry a cousin, even if she is thirty or forty, if the father of the woman insists upon it.1883 R. Sewell Sketch Dynasties Southern India 85 He fell in love with a girl of the Kaḷḷan caste, married her, and appointed her brother chief of the district of Pudukōṭṭai.1935 Census of India 1931 I. iii. b. 12 Traders going through their country used..to pay blackmail to a Kallan chief, who would then provide a Kallan girl to accompany the party as a guide.2008 I. V. Peterson in M. A. Selby & I. V. Peterson Tamil Geographies iii. 62 The principal characters..are respectively a nomadic Kuṟavar couple, Paḷḷar agricultural laborers, and a Kaḷḷaṉ horse thief who travels the Tamil countryside. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022). < n.adj.1757
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