mizzenn.

Brit.

/ˈmɪzn/, U.S.

/ˈmɪz(ə)n/

Forms:

α. late Middle English mesan, late Middle English mesayn, late Middle English meseyn, late Middle English mesyn, late Middle English–1600s meson, 1500s mesen, 1600s meisseine, 1600s meysen; Scottish pre-1700 mesant, pre-1700 mesene, pre-1700 mesent, pre-1700 meson.

β. late Middle English myssyn, late Middle English–1600s myson, 1500s mizine, 1500s myssen, 1500s mysson, 1500s myssyne, 1500s 1700s misson, 1500s–1600s missonne, 1500s–1700s misen, 1500s–1700s misne, 1500s–1700s mizon, 1500s–1700s 1900s– missen, 1500s– mizzen, 1600s mison, 1600s miszen, 1600s mizan, 1600s mizane, 1600s mizzon, 1600s– mizen, 1700s misene, 1700s mizin; Scottish pre-1700 misond, pre-1700 missan, pre-1700 missen, pre-1700 missin, pre-1700 mysȝen.

γ. late Middle English muson, late Middle English musyn; Scottish pre-1700 mozan.

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Italian mezzana, mezzano.

Etymology: Ultimately < Italian mezzana mizzen-mast (a1348), mizzen-sail (a1484; 1481 as mezana ), use as noun of feminine of mezzano middle, medium (see mezzanine n. and adj.); compare post-classical Latin medianum mizzen (1441 in this sense in an Italian source). The precise mode of transmission into English is uncertain (a Genoese three-masted carrack came into the hands of the English Crown in 1410). Compare Middle French migenne (1382 in a Norman source, denoting the smallest sail on a galley), mejane mizzen (1552 in Rabelais in an isolated borrowing < Old Occitan mejano (1525)), Middle French (Marseilles) mesane , mesianne (1525), Catalan mitjana (1467), Spanish mezana mizzen-mast (1493; attested earlier with the sense ‘a sail, possibly a foresail’ (1444)), mesana mizzen sail (1561), Portuguese mezena mizzen (15th cent.). Compare also early modern Dutch mesane , mezane , early modern German missan (1487), meisan (1636), Danish mesan , Swedish mesan all in sense ‘mizzen’. Forms with -u- and -o- (compare γ. forms above) also occur in other Germanic languages, e.g. early modern German moysahn (16th cent.), Swedish mösan, Danish mussan.Compare also, with sense ‘foresail’, Middle French misane (1463), mysayne (1530), mysenne (1531), misaine (1573), mizzane (1582), French †miseine (1636), †misene (1669), †mizaine (1680; French misaine foresail, foremast). The sense ‘mizzen’ is now supplied by French artimon . Italian mezzana has never (as sometimes suggested) denoted the mast ‘in the middle’, instead it originally (as in English) stands for the mast behind the main mast; in French it subsequently comes to denote the foremast. A more likely interpretation of the original sense in Italian is ‘a medium-sized sail’, as the mizzen was between the mainsail and the bowspritsail in size, when each mast only carried a single sail; the term then becomes associated with the position of the sail. Such an interpretation is supported by words for ‘mizzen’ in some languages being used to translate Latin epidromos (the stern sail in a classical ship), which is defined as [velum] secundae amplitudinis (a636 in Isidore Origines 19. 3. 3); compare also:OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 232 Epitrono, se medemesta segl. In Dutch forms in m- were gradually replaced by forms with initial b- (perhaps with dissimilation of the initial consonants, or perhaps influenced by the prefix be- ), e.g. besane (1480; Dutch bezaan (compare bezan n.); > Middle French, French †besane (1599 in Middle French; compare also Middle French, French †bassenne , and French †basenne (1611 in Cotgrave), †bezane (1659)), early modern German Besan (1664)). A proposed derivation from (Egyptian) Arabic mazzān mast whose sail holds the ship in balance (as if < Arabic mīzān balance, scales, noun of instrument < wazana to weigh; compare wazzān weighman) appears implausible; (Egyptian) Arabic mazzān is itself probably ultimately < Italian. It is uncertain whether the forms mesall , mesell , and myssyll s.v. main-mizzen n. show variants of the present word or contractions of mizzen sail n.; compare also musall n.

Nautical.

a. The principal sail on the mizzen-mast of a ship; spec. (a) the lowest sail on the mizzen-mast in a square-rigged vessel; (b) the sail set on the after part of the mizzen-mast in a fore-and-aft rigged vessel. Formerly also: †a similarly shaped principal sail in certain small craft (obsolete). Cf. mizzen sail n.Often used as synonymous with spanker, but more correctly applied to the ‘mizzen trysail’ which is set instead of the spanker in adverse weather.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > mizzen

mizzen1416

mizzen sail1419

main-mizzen sail1486

bonaventure?1518

musalla1600

1416 in S. Rose Navy of Lancastrian Kings (1982) 227 [For a certain small] sailyerd [to be used for the same] mesan [price 2s 4d].

1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 200 Item, for a yerde for a meseyn, xvj.d.

1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 37 Blokkes for the meson with iij sheves of brasse.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 32 Heise the mysȝen and change it ouer to leuart.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 1 Yet are not wee content with a single maine saile..vnlesse..we haue fore-sailes and sprit-sailes in the Prow, misnes also hoised vp..in the Poupe;..and all to set vs more forward vpon our death, and to hasten our end.

1609 John Dory vii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1894) V. ix. 132/2 They hoist their sailes, both top and top, The meisseine and all was tride-a.

1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lix. 138 To fight with sprit-saile, and myson, and top-sayles loose.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 352 The Tempest..forced us..to lye by the Lee..no saile but the mizzen daring to oppose.

1670 J. Covel Diary in J. T. Bent Early Voy. Levant (1893) ii. 130 A small vessel with a meson and stay sail.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. vii. 73 We were obliged..to continue under a reefed mizen till eleven at night.

1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 83 A trysail, used instead of a mizen,..is extended towards the stern, and..fastened by hoops round a small mast, called a trysail mast, fixed near the aft-side of the main-mast in a block of wood in the quarter deck.

1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxiii. 233 The mate then took his place between the knight-heads to ‘twig’ the fore,..and at the foot of the mainmast, for the mizen.

1886 R. C. Leslie Sea-painter's Log vi. 130 The Dean is correct in his description of what was known in those days as bagpiping the mizen, by hauling the mizen-sheet to windward.

1951 H. Benham Down Tops'l v. 71 ‘Jackass’ schooners..were so called because they were square rigged forward like a tops'l schooner, but had a ketch's mizzen.

1974 W. E. May in Maritime Monogr. & Rep. (National Maritime Museum) No. 15. 18 This boat [sc. the Montagu whaler]..had a fuller body aft and was rigged with a standing-lug mainsail, triangular foresail and small triangular mizen.

1985 R. Huntford Shackleton xlv. 549 The mizzen kept the James Caird so much into the wind that the rudder was always dragging across her.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1579 G. Puttenham Partheniades in J. Nichols Progresses Queen Elizabeth III. 477 Thou strike mizzen, and anker in his porte.

a1625 J. Fletcher Wit without Money (1639) i. sig. B4^v My sister is a goodly portly Lady,..she spreads satten, as the Kings ships doe canvas, every where she may spare me her misen, and her bonnets strike her maine petticoate, and yet outsaile me.

1702 J. Vanbrugh False Friend iii. ii There may be foul weather there too. I reckon at present he may be lying by under a mizen at the street door.

1988 J. Brodsky To Urania 93 A sleep-crumpled cloud unfurls mealy mizzens.

2. Short for mizzen-mast n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast > mizzen-mast

mizzen-mast1413

mizzen1589

1589 E. Hayes in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 685 The Golden hinde succeeded in the place of Vizadmirall, and remoued her flagge from the mizon unto the fore toppe.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 357 Streamers that belonged to the Main-Mast, the Misne, and other fitting places for them.

1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 13 In great ships they haue two misens, the latter is called the boneauentuer misen.

a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 169 This carries four masts..4. the mizen, which is placed in the stern almost over the helm.

1699 in T. C. Smout Sc. Trade 292 Our mainmast is brok under deck..and my misond is lost altogether.

1806 A. Duncan Life Nelson 72 Sir Horatio Nelson, as rear-admiral of the blue, carried the blue flag at the mizen.

1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick cxxx. 591 Nor, at any time,..could the mariners now step upon the deck, unless Ahab was before them;..pacing the planks between two undeviating limits,—the main-mast and the mizen.

1898 Argosy May 218 Her mizzen is tottering and now it falls far out into the water.

1902 Boston Evening Transcript 23 July 20/3 The name of the masts, by the way, are in order, fore, main, mizzen, spanker, jigger, driver, and pusher.

1950 E. Goudge Gentian Hill i. i. 10 Flags fluttered from each foremast, mainmast and mizzen.

Compounds

General attributive with the sense ‘relating to, connected with, or situated near the mizzen-mast or mizzen sail’, as mizzen boom, mizzen-rigging, mizzen-sheet, mizzen-shroud, mizzen-staysail, etc.

ΚΠ

1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 36 Meson shrowdes.

1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 49 Meson lyftes..Meson halyers..Meson perell..Meson shetes..Meson tyes.

1589–1600 Acct. Bk. W. Morton f. 53 For one mesene reye xlvi s 8 d.

1600 Court Rec. 26 Sept. in H. Stevens Dawn Brit. Trade E. Indies (1886) 17 1 mizen course and bonnett.

1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 14 The mison stay.

1630 J. Winthrop Jrnl. 15 Apr. (1996) 11 We hanged out a light vpon our meysen shrouds.

1660 T. Allin Jrnl. 30 Oct. (1939) (modernized text) I. 3 Set..our mizzen staysail.

1670 J. Dryden & W. Davenant Shakespeare's Tempest i. 3 Get the Misen-tack aboard. Haul aft Misen-sheat!

1692 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 456 Hanging white flags..on the mizen peak.

1757 in J. S. McLennan Louisbourg (1918) 209 Fore stay sail, Main and Mizen stay sail all blown away.

1768 J. Byron Narr. Patagonia 206 Which he desired might be hung up in the mizen-shrouds.

1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage xlvi. 594 Carrying away the mizen-boom.

1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. i. i. 4 Mizen royal yard 16 ft. Mizen skysail yard 10 ft... Mizen pole 9 ft.

1879 Harper's Mag. Dec. 81/2 Angus Sutherland, who was hoisting himself up by means of the mizzen boom.

1905 Daily Graphic 17 Jan. 4/4 Watching the mizzen truck swing among the stars.

1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Jan. 30/1 Thrice Bill hung head-downwards over the eyeplate below the shackles of the mizzen rigging.

1964 R. E. Lloyd in Roving Commissions 1963 228 On again next day with, to our joy, a mizzen staysail breeze.

1999 Ventura County (Calif.) Star (Nexis) 14 Feb. E2 It's 103 feet long from the tip of the bowsprit to the end of the mizzen boom.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mizzen
释义	mizzenn. Brit. /ˈmɪzn/, U.S. /ˈmɪz(ə)n/ Forms: α. late Middle English mesan, late Middle English mesayn, late Middle English meseyn, late Middle English mesyn, late Middle English–1600s meson, 1500s mesen, 1600s meisseine, 1600s meysen; Scottish pre-1700 mesant, pre-1700 mesene, pre-1700 mesent, pre-1700 meson. β. late Middle English myssyn, late Middle English–1600s myson, 1500s mizine, 1500s myssen, 1500s mysson, 1500s myssyne, 1500s 1700s misson, 1500s–1600s missonne, 1500s–1700s misen, 1500s–1700s misne, 1500s–1700s mizon, 1500s–1700s 1900s– missen, 1500s– mizzen, 1600s mison, 1600s miszen, 1600s mizan, 1600s mizane, 1600s mizzon, 1600s– mizen, 1700s misene, 1700s mizin; Scottish pre-1700 misond, pre-1700 missan, pre-1700 missen, pre-1700 missin, pre-1700 mysȝen. γ. late Middle English muson, late Middle English musyn; Scottish pre-1700 mozan. Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Italian mezzana, mezzano. Etymology: Ultimately < Italian mezzana mizzen-mast (a1348), mizzen-sail (a1484; 1481 as mezana ), use as noun of feminine of mezzano middle, medium (see mezzanine n. and adj.); compare post-classical Latin medianum mizzen (1441 in this sense in an Italian source). The precise mode of transmission into English is uncertain (a Genoese three-masted carrack came into the hands of the English Crown in 1410). Compare Middle French migenne (1382 in a Norman source, denoting the smallest sail on a galley), mejane mizzen (1552 in Rabelais in an isolated borrowing < Old Occitan mejano (1525)), Middle French (Marseilles) mesane , mesianne (1525), Catalan mitjana (1467), Spanish mezana mizzen-mast (1493; attested earlier with the sense ‘a sail, possibly a foresail’ (1444)), mesana mizzen sail (1561), Portuguese mezena mizzen (15th cent.). Compare also early modern Dutch mesane , mezane , early modern German missan (1487), meisan (1636), Danish mesan , Swedish mesan all in sense ‘mizzen’. Forms with -u- and -o- (compare γ. forms above) also occur in other Germanic languages, e.g. early modern German moysahn (16th cent.), Swedish mösan, Danish mussan.Compare also, with sense ‘foresail’, Middle French misane (1463), mysayne (1530), mysenne (1531), misaine (1573), mizzane (1582), French †miseine (1636), †misene (1669), †mizaine (1680; French misaine foresail, foremast). The sense ‘mizzen’ is now supplied by French artimon . Italian mezzana has never (as sometimes suggested) denoted the mast ‘in the middle’, instead it originally (as in English) stands for the mast behind the main mast; in French it subsequently comes to denote the foremast. A more likely interpretation of the original sense in Italian is ‘a medium-sized sail’, as the mizzen was between the mainsail and the bowspritsail in size, when each mast only carried a single sail; the term then becomes associated with the position of the sail. Such an interpretation is supported by words for ‘mizzen’ in some languages being used to translate Latin epidromos (the stern sail in a classical ship), which is defined as [velum] secundae amplitudinis (a636 in Isidore Origines 19. 3. 3); compare also:OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 232 Epitrono, se medemesta segl. In Dutch forms in m- were gradually replaced by forms with initial b- (perhaps with dissimilation of the initial consonants, or perhaps influenced by the prefix be- ), e.g. besane (1480; Dutch bezaan (compare bezan n.); > Middle French, French †besane (1599 in Middle French; compare also Middle French, French †bassenne , and French †basenne (1611 in Cotgrave), †bezane (1659)), early modern German Besan (1664)). A proposed derivation from (Egyptian) Arabic mazzān mast whose sail holds the ship in balance (as if < Arabic mīzān balance, scales, noun of instrument < wazana to weigh; compare wazzān weighman) appears implausible; (Egyptian) Arabic mazzān is itself probably ultimately < Italian. It is uncertain whether the forms mesall , mesell , and myssyll s.v. main-mizzen n. show variants of the present word or contractions of mizzen sail n.; compare also musall n. Nautical. 1. a. The principal sail on the mizzen-mast of a ship; spec. (a) the lowest sail on the mizzen-mast in a square-rigged vessel; (b) the sail set on the after part of the mizzen-mast in a fore-and-aft rigged vessel. Formerly also: †a similarly shaped principal sail in certain small craft (obsolete). Cf. mizzen sail n.Often used as synonymous with spanker, but more correctly applied to the ‘mizzen trysail’ which is set instead of the spanker in adverse weather. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > mizzen mizzen1416 mizzen sail1419 main-mizzen sail1486 bonaventure?1518 musalla1600 1416 in S. Rose Navy of Lancastrian Kings (1982) 227 [For a certain small] sailyerd [to be used for the same] mesan [price 2s 4d]. 1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 200 Item, for a yerde for a meseyn, xvj.d. 1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 37 Blokkes for the meson with iij sheves of brasse. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 32 Heise the mysȝen and change it ouer to leuart. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 1 Yet are not wee content with a single maine saile..vnlesse..we haue fore-sailes and sprit-sailes in the Prow, misnes also hoised vp..in the Poupe;..and all to set vs more forward vpon our death, and to hasten our end. 1609 John Dory vii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1894) V. ix. 132/2 They hoist their sailes, both top and top, The meisseine and all was tride-a. 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lix. 138 To fight with sprit-saile, and myson, and top-sayles loose. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 352 The Tempest..forced us..to lye by the Lee..no saile but the mizzen daring to oppose. 1670 J. Covel Diary in J. T. Bent Early Voy. Levant (1893) ii. 130 A small vessel with a meson and stay sail. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. vii. 73 We were obliged..to continue under a reefed mizen till eleven at night. 1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 83 A trysail, used instead of a mizen,..is extended towards the stern, and..fastened by hoops round a small mast, called a trysail mast, fixed near the aft-side of the main-mast in a block of wood in the quarter deck. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxiii. 233 The mate then took his place between the knight-heads to ‘twig’ the fore,..and at the foot of the mainmast, for the mizen. 1886 R. C. Leslie Sea-painter's Log vi. 130 The Dean is correct in his description of what was known in those days as bagpiping the mizen, by hauling the mizen-sheet to windward. 1951 H. Benham Down Tops'l v. 71 ‘Jackass’ schooners..were so called because they were square rigged forward like a tops'l schooner, but had a ketch's mizzen. 1974 W. E. May in Maritime Monogr. & Rep. (National Maritime Museum) No. 15. 18 This boat [sc. the Montagu whaler]..had a fuller body aft and was rigged with a standing-lug mainsail, triangular foresail and small triangular mizen. 1985 R. Huntford Shackleton xlv. 549 The mizzen kept the James Caird so much into the wind that the rudder was always dragging across her. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1579 G. Puttenham Partheniades in J. Nichols Progresses Queen Elizabeth III. 477 Thou strike mizzen, and anker in his porte. a1625 J. Fletcher Wit without Money (1639) i. sig. B4^v My sister is a goodly portly Lady,..she spreads satten, as the Kings ships doe canvas, every where she may spare me her misen, and her bonnets strike her maine petticoate, and yet outsaile me. 1702 J. Vanbrugh False Friend iii. ii There may be foul weather there too. I reckon at present he may be lying by under a mizen at the street door. 1988 J. Brodsky To Urania 93 A sleep-crumpled cloud unfurls mealy mizzens. 2. Short for mizzen-mast n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast > mizzen-mast mizzen-mast1413 mizzen1589 1589 E. Hayes in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 685 The Golden hinde succeeded in the place of Vizadmirall, and remoued her flagge from the mizon unto the fore toppe. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 357 Streamers that belonged to the Main-Mast, the Misne, and other fitting places for them. 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 13 In great ships they haue two misens, the latter is called the boneauentuer misen. a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 169 This carries four masts..4. the mizen, which is placed in the stern almost over the helm. 1699 in T. C. Smout Sc. Trade 292 Our mainmast is brok under deck..and my misond is lost altogether. 1806 A. Duncan Life Nelson 72 Sir Horatio Nelson, as rear-admiral of the blue, carried the blue flag at the mizen. 1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick cxxx. 591 Nor, at any time,..could the mariners now step upon the deck, unless Ahab was before them;..pacing the planks between two undeviating limits,—the main-mast and the mizen. 1898 Argosy May 218 Her mizzen is tottering and now it falls far out into the water. 1902 Boston Evening Transcript 23 July 20/3 The name of the masts, by the way, are in order, fore, main, mizzen, spanker, jigger, driver, and pusher. 1950 E. Goudge Gentian Hill i. i. 10 Flags fluttered from each foremast, mainmast and mizzen. Compounds General attributive with the sense ‘relating to, connected with, or situated near the mizzen-mast or mizzen sail’, as mizzen boom, mizzen-rigging, mizzen-sheet, mizzen-shroud, mizzen-staysail, etc. ΚΠ 1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 36 Meson shrowdes. 1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 49 Meson lyftes..Meson halyers..Meson perell..Meson shetes..Meson tyes. 1589–1600 Acct. Bk. W. Morton f. 53 For one mesene reye xlvi s 8 d. 1600 Court Rec. 26 Sept. in H. Stevens Dawn Brit. Trade E. Indies (1886) 17 1 mizen course and bonnett. 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 14 The mison stay. 1630 J. Winthrop Jrnl. 15 Apr. (1996) 11 We hanged out a light vpon our meysen shrouds. 1660 T. Allin Jrnl. 30 Oct. (1939) (modernized text) I. 3 Set..our mizzen staysail. 1670 J. Dryden & W. Davenant Shakespeare's Tempest i. 3 Get the Misen-tack aboard. Haul aft Misen-sheat! 1692 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 456 Hanging white flags..on the mizen peak. 1757 in J. S. McLennan Louisbourg (1918) 209 Fore stay sail, Main and Mizen stay sail all blown away. 1768 J. Byron Narr. Patagonia 206 Which he desired might be hung up in the mizen-shrouds. 1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage xlvi. 594 Carrying away the mizen-boom. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. i. i. 4 Mizen royal yard 16 ft. Mizen skysail yard 10 ft... Mizen pole 9 ft. 1879 Harper's Mag. Dec. 81/2 Angus Sutherland, who was hoisting himself up by means of the mizzen boom. 1905 Daily Graphic 17 Jan. 4/4 Watching the mizzen truck swing among the stars. 1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Jan. 30/1 Thrice Bill hung head-downwards over the eyeplate below the shackles of the mizzen rigging. 1964 R. E. Lloyd in Roving Commissions 1963 228 On again next day with, to our joy, a mizzen staysail breeze. 1999 Ventura County (Calif.) Star (Nexis) 14 Feb. E2 It's 103 feet long from the tip of the bowsprit to the end of the mizzen boom. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1416
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