patriarchaladj.

Brit.

/ˌpeɪtrɪˈɑːkl/,

/ˌpatrɪˈɑːkl/, U.S.

/ˌpeɪtriˈɑrk(ə)l/

Forms: late Middle English patriarcal, 1500s–1600s patriarchall, 1500s– patriarchal, 1600s patriarcall; Scottish pre-1700 patriarchall, 1700s– patriarchal.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin patriarchalis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin patriarchalis of or relating to a patriarch (5th cent. with reference to both Christian and biblical patriarchs) < patriarcha patriarch n. + classical Latin -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare Spanish patriarcal (1220–50), Italian patriarcale (a1396), Middle French, French patriarcal (1378 or earlier as †patriarchal , 15th cent. as patriarcaus (plural); subsequently from 1680), all earliest in sense 1a.With sense 1b compare French croix patriarcale (1690). With sense 4 compare earlier patriarchical adj.

a. Christian Church. Of or relating to a patriarch; ruled by a patriarch. Also: of the nature or rank of a patriarch. patriarchal church n. each of the five great basilicas of Rome, namely St John Lateran, St Peter's, St Paul's outside the Walls, Santa Maria Maggiore, and St Laurence outside the Walls.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > patriarch > [adjective]

patriarchalc1450

patriarchical1606

patriarched1632

society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > principal place of worship > [noun] > Roman

title1429

cardinal church1610

patriarchal church1670

titulus1681

Liberian1792

Liberian basilica1814

c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 41 (MED) It is neythir on of þe uii cherches ne non of þe patriarcal cherchis whech be clepe staciones.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 11/2 The cause why the sea of Rome, emong all other patriarchall seas, is numbred for the first sea by the auncient fathers.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vii. 324 This City [sc. Alexandria]..in the Nycen Councell was ordayned to bee one of the foure Patriarchall seas.

1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) ii 162 [St Lawrence] is one of..the fiue Patriarchal Churches, and therfore is not titular of any Cardinal.

1716 J. Perry State of Russia 206 The Greek Patriarch, did..come to Mosco, and there resign his Patriarchal See to the Metropolitan of Mosco.

1756 A. Butler Lives Saints II. 31 St. Nicephorus a layman..was preferred to the patriarchal dignity by the emperour of the same name.

1854 J. E. A. Gosselin Power of Pope during Middle Ages 114 The increase in the wealth of the clery was especially remarkable in the patriarchal churches.

1870–4 R. Anderson Hist. Missions Amer. Board III. iii. 42 Letters were addressed from Rome to the Patriarchal Vicar of Mount Lebanon.

1905 A. Goodrich-Freer In Syrian Saddle i. iii. 57 Italian, the official language of the patriarchal clergy.

1986 J. M. Hussey Orthodox Church in Byzantine Empire ii. 345 It cut across diocesan and often patriarchal authority.

b. Heraldry. Designating a cross with two transverse pieces, the upper one being shorter than the lower (an emblem of the patriarchs of the Orthodox Church). Also as postmodifier.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > cross > [adjective] > other types of cross

anchored1525

urdee1562

resarcelée1586

resarcelled1586

quarterly pierced1662

patriarchal1682

anserated1688

aquilated1688

globical1688

recercelée1688

quadrate1780

1682 J. Gibbon Introd. ad Latinam Blasoniam 78 Cross Patriarchal... As the Staves of the Popes are thrice crossed, so those of Patriarchs and Cardinals are but twice.

1830 T. Robson Brit. Herald III. Gloss. Cross patriarchal or double cross, (French, croix double) composed of one piece in pale, and two transverse horizontal pieces.

1866 J. E. Cussans Gram. Heraldry 16 Patriarchal Cross is a Greek Cross of which the upper limb is traversed by a shorter.

1952 Coat of Arms 2 112/1 A modern coat of Hungary is Gules, on a mount of three coupeaux in base vert a patriarchal cross argent.

1959 L. H. Appleton & S. Bridges Symbolism in Liturg. Art 25 Its origin [sc. that of the Papal Cross] is an artistic or heraldic development from the patriarchal Cross with two bars.

1998 J. A. Bernstein Music Printing in Renaissance Venice vi. 143 Another printer's mark, illustrating an eagle atop a globe with..the letters ‘A V’ surmounted by a patriarchal cross.

2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the biblical patriarchs or their times; of or involving a patriarch.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > ancestor > [adjective] > of patriarchs

patriarchal1606

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > family > [adjective] > relating to a family or household > patriarchal

patriarchal1606

paterfamiliar1650

patricentric1939

1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall xix. sig. F3 Althogh Jacob seeme to..entertaine his posterity in full hope to returne (whereof the thre patriarchall burials were a special pledg).

1687 J. Norris To Dr. Plot in Coll. Misc. 125 Who could to Patriarchal years live on.

a1763 J. Byrom Disinterested Love of God iv This Love the patriarchal Eye, And that of Moses could descry.

1821 Ld. Byron Sardanapalus i. ii. 36 The shepherd kings of patriarchal times.

1884 J. Hall Christian Home 110 Servants, indeed, do not now stand to their masters as they did in patriarchal times.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 388/2 The nomads of the patriarchal ages, whilst mainly dependent upon their flocks and herds, practised also agriculture proper.

2001 U.S. News & World Rep. (Nexis) 131 38 Some scholars say that archaeology provides ‘circumstantial evidence’ of the historical backdrop of the patriarchal stories.

a. Of a facial feature: like that of a patriarch; (of a person) resembling or reminiscent of a patriarch in appearance or behaviour; venerable, aged.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > old person > old man > [adjective]

fatherly1548

patriarchical1645

patriarchal1732

old gentlemanly1819

old-mannish1865

madala1980

1645 J. Bastwick 2nd Pt. Independency not God's Ordinance 57 All the Puritans in all the foregoing generations..usually went in a great Patriarchicall beards [sic].

1732 J. Mitchell Royal Hermitage 12 In Honour's Temple, pleas'd she place An Image of my Patriarchal Face!

1792 W. Gilpin Three Ess. i. 10 Would you see the human face in it's highest form of picturesque beauty, examine that patriarchal head.

1862 J. H. Burton Book-hunter i. 43 The patriarchal head of an agreeable and elegant household.

1898 Voice (N.Y.) 21 Apr. 3/2 Abraham..is a splendid figure with his long, white, patriarchal beard.

1929 J. B. Priestley Good Compan. i. vi. 222 Mr. Grudy..surveyed them with a benevolent patriarchal stare.

1992 G. Hancock Sign & Seal i. i. 15 An elderly Abyssinian gentleman wearing a slightly threadbare three-piece suit and a most splendid patriarchal beard.

b. Of a thing, esp. an animal or plant: very old, ancient; venerable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adjective] > older than an age > eldest

eldestc1000

mostc1275

heldesta1400

oldest1478

greatest1535

patriarchal1806

aîné1831

the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective] > ancient or of early origin

oldeOE

olden daysa1400

for-oldc1400

ancient1475

(as) old as Adama1599

antiquary1599

high1601

primal1604

hoary1609

grandeval1650

Noachal1661

patriarchal1806

(as) old as the hills1819

world-old1837

eld1854

age-old1860

far-back1869

Noachian1874

pornial1883

1806 R. Polwhele Sir Allan iii, in Poems II. 94 Many a mighty patriarchal oak Across the glens the extensive shadow flung.

1837 F. Palgrave Merchant & Friar (1844) i. 15 To limp..through primitive ruts and patriarchal bridle-paths.

1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. II. xxix. 258 Along the spoor of the patriarchal old black buck.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. 296 The commendatore's patriarchal sombrero,..has been in the possession of his family since the revolution of Rienzi.

1986 Michigan Business (Nexis) Sept. 38 Patriarchal trees send roots so deep that the fiercest winds cannot sway them.

a. Of, relating to, or of the nature of a patriarchy; based on patriarchy. Also: designating a male head of a people, tribe, or family.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > [adjective] > patriarchal

patriarchical1643

patriarchal1706

patriarchic1776

patripotestal1906

1706 D. Defoe Jure Divino 6 Subjects are Called Children, from Monarchy being Patriarchal in its Original.

1740 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature III. ii. 144 Patriarchal government, or the authority of a father, which is said first to take place in one family.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 112 To testify their acceptance of the patriarchal Chief who claimed their allegiance.

1883 H. S. Maine Diss. Early Law & Custom vii. 196 The Patriarchal theory of society is..the theory of its origin in separate families, held together by the authority and protection of the eldest valid male ascendant.

1902 A. MacBain in W. F. Skene Highlanders Scotl. 402 The succession among the Scots was Patriarchal.

1963 J. A. Hostetler Amish Society vii. 148 Family organization among the Amish has always been strictly monogamous and patriarchal.

1991 Elle (U.S. ed.) Aug. 62/1 The allure of goddess worship lies..in its ability to provide an empowering feminist alternative to patriarchal, monotheistic religions.

b. Relating to, characteristic of, or designating a society or culture in which men tend to be in positions of authority and cultural values and norms are seen as favouring men. Frequently with pejorative connotation.

ΚΠ

1970 Times 21 Nov. 13/1 Among the manifestations of patriarchal power exercised by men over women are inequality in job-opportunities, [etc.].

1972 H. Papanek in A. M. Freedman & H. I. Kaplan Interpreting Personality iii. 127 The term ‘masculine protest’ refers to the attitude of a boy or girl who is raised in a patriarchal culture, in which the real man is respected and admired and the feminine role connotes submissiveness and immaturity.

1986 New Socialist Sept. 31/3 The politics of childbirth are a challenge to patriarchal assumptions about how the individual is to be viewed by the medical professional.

1997 M. M. Delgado in C. Reid Plays: 1 Introd. p. xv Reid's work..presents Northern Ireland as a deeply patriarchal society where women are unequivocally subordinated.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	patriarchal
释义	patriarchaladj. Brit. /ˌpeɪtrɪˈɑːkl/, /ˌpatrɪˈɑːkl/, U.S. /ˌpeɪtriˈɑrk(ə)l/ Forms: late Middle English patriarcal, 1500s–1600s patriarchall, 1500s– patriarchal, 1600s patriarcall; Scottish pre-1700 patriarchall, 1700s– patriarchal. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin patriarchalis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin patriarchalis of or relating to a patriarch (5th cent. with reference to both Christian and biblical patriarchs) < patriarcha patriarch n. + classical Latin -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare Spanish patriarcal (1220–50), Italian patriarcale (a1396), Middle French, French patriarcal (1378 or earlier as †patriarchal , 15th cent. as patriarcaus (plural); subsequently from 1680), all earliest in sense 1a.With sense 1b compare French croix patriarcale (1690). With sense 4 compare earlier patriarchical adj. 1. a. Christian Church. Of or relating to a patriarch; ruled by a patriarch. Also: of the nature or rank of a patriarch. patriarchal church n. each of the five great basilicas of Rome, namely St John Lateran, St Peter's, St Paul's outside the Walls, Santa Maria Maggiore, and St Laurence outside the Walls. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > patriarch > [adjective] patriarchalc1450 patriarchical1606 patriarched1632 society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > principal place of worship > [noun] > Roman title1429 cardinal church1610 patriarchal church1670 titulus1681 Liberian1792 Liberian basilica1814 c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 41 (MED) It is neythir on of þe uii cherches ne non of þe patriarcal cherchis whech be clepe staciones. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 11/2 The cause why the sea of Rome, emong all other patriarchall seas, is numbred for the first sea by the auncient fathers. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vii. 324 This City [sc. Alexandria]..in the Nycen Councell was ordayned to bee one of the foure Patriarchall seas. 1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) ii 162 [St Lawrence] is one of..the fiue Patriarchal Churches, and therfore is not titular of any Cardinal. 1716 J. Perry State of Russia 206 The Greek Patriarch, did..come to Mosco, and there resign his Patriarchal See to the Metropolitan of Mosco. 1756 A. Butler Lives Saints II. 31 St. Nicephorus a layman..was preferred to the patriarchal dignity by the emperour of the same name. 1854 J. E. A. Gosselin Power of Pope during Middle Ages 114 The increase in the wealth of the clery was especially remarkable in the patriarchal churches. 1870–4 R. Anderson Hist. Missions Amer. Board III. iii. 42 Letters were addressed from Rome to the Patriarchal Vicar of Mount Lebanon. 1905 A. Goodrich-Freer In Syrian Saddle i. iii. 57 Italian, the official language of the patriarchal clergy. 1986 J. M. Hussey Orthodox Church in Byzantine Empire ii. 345 It cut across diocesan and often patriarchal authority. b. Heraldry. Designating a cross with two transverse pieces, the upper one being shorter than the lower (an emblem of the patriarchs of the Orthodox Church). Also as postmodifier. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > cross > [adjective] > other types of cross anchored1525 urdee1562 resarcelée1586 resarcelled1586 quarterly pierced1662 patriarchal1682 anserated1688 aquilated1688 globical1688 recercelée1688 quadrate1780 1682 J. Gibbon Introd. ad Latinam Blasoniam 78 Cross Patriarchal... As the Staves of the Popes are thrice crossed, so those of Patriarchs and Cardinals are but twice. 1830 T. Robson Brit. Herald III. Gloss. Cross patriarchal or double cross, (French, croix double) composed of one piece in pale, and two transverse horizontal pieces. 1866 J. E. Cussans Gram. Heraldry 16 Patriarchal Cross is a Greek Cross of which the upper limb is traversed by a shorter. 1952 Coat of Arms 2 112/1 A modern coat of Hungary is Gules, on a mount of three coupeaux in base vert a patriarchal cross argent. 1959 L. H. Appleton & S. Bridges Symbolism in Liturg. Art 25 Its origin [sc. that of the Papal Cross] is an artistic or heraldic development from the patriarchal Cross with two bars. 1998 J. A. Bernstein Music Printing in Renaissance Venice vi. 143 Another printer's mark, illustrating an eagle atop a globe with..the letters ‘A V’ surmounted by a patriarchal cross. 2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the biblical patriarchs or their times; of or involving a patriarch. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > ancestor > [adjective] > of patriarchs patriarchal1606 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > family > [adjective] > relating to a family or household > patriarchal patriarchal1606 paterfamiliar1650 patricentric1939 1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall xix. sig. F3 Althogh Jacob seeme to..entertaine his posterity in full hope to returne (whereof the thre patriarchall burials were a special pledg). 1687 J. Norris To Dr. Plot in Coll. Misc. 125 Who could to Patriarchal years live on. a1763 J. Byrom Disinterested Love of God iv This Love the patriarchal Eye, And that of Moses could descry. 1821 Ld. Byron Sardanapalus i. ii. 36 The shepherd kings of patriarchal times. 1884 J. Hall Christian Home 110 Servants, indeed, do not now stand to their masters as they did in patriarchal times. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 388/2 The nomads of the patriarchal ages, whilst mainly dependent upon their flocks and herds, practised also agriculture proper. 2001 U.S. News & World Rep. (Nexis) 131 38 Some scholars say that archaeology provides ‘circumstantial evidence’ of the historical backdrop of the patriarchal stories. 3. a. Of a facial feature: like that of a patriarch; (of a person) resembling or reminiscent of a patriarch in appearance or behaviour; venerable, aged. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > old person > old man > [adjective] fatherly1548 patriarchical1645 patriarchal1732 old gentlemanly1819 old-mannish1865 madala1980 1645 J. Bastwick 2nd Pt. Independency not God's Ordinance 57 All the Puritans in all the foregoing generations..usually went in a great Patriarchicall beards [sic]. 1732 J. Mitchell Royal Hermitage 12 In Honour's Temple, pleas'd she place An Image of my Patriarchal Face! 1792 W. Gilpin Three Ess. i. 10 Would you see the human face in it's highest form of picturesque beauty, examine that patriarchal head. 1862 J. H. Burton Book-hunter i. 43 The patriarchal head of an agreeable and elegant household. 1898 Voice (N.Y.) 21 Apr. 3/2 Abraham..is a splendid figure with his long, white, patriarchal beard. 1929 J. B. Priestley Good Compan. i. vi. 222 Mr. Grudy..surveyed them with a benevolent patriarchal stare. 1992 G. Hancock Sign & Seal i. i. 15 An elderly Abyssinian gentleman wearing a slightly threadbare three-piece suit and a most splendid patriarchal beard. b. Of a thing, esp. an animal or plant: very old, ancient; venerable. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adjective] > older than an age > eldest eldestc1000 mostc1275 heldesta1400 oldest1478 greatest1535 patriarchal1806 aîné1831 the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective] > ancient or of early origin oldeOE olden daysa1400 for-oldc1400 ancient1475 (as) old as Adama1599 antiquary1599 high1601 primal1604 hoary1609 grandeval1650 Noachal1661 patriarchal1806 (as) old as the hills1819 world-old1837 eld1854 age-old1860 far-back1869 Noachian1874 pornial1883 1806 R. Polwhele Sir Allan iii, in Poems II. 94 Many a mighty patriarchal oak Across the glens the extensive shadow flung. 1837 F. Palgrave Merchant & Friar (1844) i. 15 To limp..through primitive ruts and patriarchal bridle-paths. 1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. II. xxix. 258 Along the spoor of the patriarchal old black buck. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. 296 The commendatore's patriarchal sombrero,..has been in the possession of his family since the revolution of Rienzi. 1986 Michigan Business (Nexis) Sept. 38 Patriarchal trees send roots so deep that the fiercest winds cannot sway them. 4. a. Of, relating to, or of the nature of a patriarchy; based on patriarchy. Also: designating a male head of a people, tribe, or family. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > [adjective] > patriarchal patriarchical1643 patriarchal1706 patriarchic1776 patripotestal1906 1706 D. Defoe Jure Divino 6 Subjects are Called Children, from Monarchy being Patriarchal in its Original. 1740 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature III. ii. 144 Patriarchal government, or the authority of a father, which is said first to take place in one family. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 112 To testify their acceptance of the patriarchal Chief who claimed their allegiance. 1883 H. S. Maine Diss. Early Law & Custom vii. 196 The Patriarchal theory of society is..the theory of its origin in separate families, held together by the authority and protection of the eldest valid male ascendant. 1902 A. MacBain in W. F. Skene Highlanders Scotl. 402 The succession among the Scots was Patriarchal. 1963 J. A. Hostetler Amish Society vii. 148 Family organization among the Amish has always been strictly monogamous and patriarchal. 1991 Elle (U.S. ed.) Aug. 62/1 The allure of goddess worship lies..in its ability to provide an empowering feminist alternative to patriarchal, monotheistic religions. b. Relating to, characteristic of, or designating a society or culture in which men tend to be in positions of authority and cultural values and norms are seen as favouring men. Frequently with pejorative connotation. ΚΠ 1970 Times 21 Nov. 13/1 Among the manifestations of patriarchal power exercised by men over women are inequality in job-opportunities, [etc.]. 1972 H. Papanek in A. M. Freedman & H. I. Kaplan Interpreting Personality iii. 127 The term ‘masculine protest’ refers to the attitude of a boy or girl who is raised in a patriarchal culture, in which the real man is respected and admired and the feminine role connotes submissiveness and immaturity. 1986 New Socialist Sept. 31/3 The politics of childbirth are a challenge to patriarchal assumptions about how the individual is to be viewed by the medical professional. 1997 M. M. Delgado in C. Reid Plays: 1 Introd. p. xv Reid's work..presents Northern Ireland as a deeply patriarchal society where women are unequivocally subordinated. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1450
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