affiancen.

Brit.

/əˈfʌɪəns/, U.S.

/əˈfaɪəns/

Forms: Middle English adffyawnce, Middle English affiawnce, Middle English affyanse, Middle English affyauns, Middle English affyaunse, Middle English afyaunce, Middle English–1500s affyaunce, Middle English–1600s affiaunce, Middle English–1600s affyance, Middle English– affiance, 1500s affians, 1500s affyans (Scottish).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French affiance.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman afiaunce, affiaunce, Anglo-Norman and Middle French afiance, affiance (French affiance ) pledge, solemn promise (late 12th cent. in Old French; 1323 or earlier in Anglo-Norman in specific sense ‘oath of allegiance’), confidence, trust (13th cent.), action of pledging one's intent to marry, betrothal (1268 or earlier in Anglo-Norman; 14th cent. in continental French) < afier , affier affy v. + -ance -ance suffix. Compare Old Occitan afizansa treaty.With to make affiance (see sense 2) compare Old French or Middle French faire affiance to conclude a marriage agreement (14th cent.). Sense 3b may result partly from association with (etymologically unrelated) affinity n.

Now archaic.

a. Trust or faith in a person or thing. Frequently with in (also †on, †to, etc.). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > [noun]

ylevec888

levec950

hopec1000

trothc1175

trusta1200

trutha1200

tristc1200

beliefa1225

tresta1300

traistinga1340

traistnessa1340

fiance1340

affiancec1350

affyc1380

tristening1382

credencea1393

faitha1393

levenessc1400

confidencec1430

credulity?a1439

trustingc1450

confiance1490

credit1533

fiduce1582

confidency1606

confidingness1682

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) 188 (MED) Where ben her goddes in which hij had affiaunce [L. fiduciam]?

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 87 (MED) He þam hight..þe coroune at his myght to maynten with lawe, & þat he so suld, þe barons had affiance.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 642 (MED) Alle his afyaunce vpon folde watz in þe fyue woundez.

c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 41 That ever we shulde put affiaunce and trust to the Frenshe partie.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Heb. xi. f. xxi Puttyng his affyaunce in God.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 125 Repose the whole affiance of your hearts upon me.

1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace ix. 210 'Tis a blessed life to live as a poor recumbent, by acts of trust and affiance.

1739 Burkitt's Expos. Notes N.T. (ed. 11) John i. 12 Faith is..a divine affiance, and such an Affiance in Christ..as is the Parent and Principle of Obedience to him.

1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 285 How well I did, to put my Affiance in his Goodness.

1850 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles (ed. 3) Prelim. Ess. vi. 89 A true affiance on him who is the Giver of this faith.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 218 My Lancelot, thou in whom I have Most love and most affiance.

1931 L. Binyon Coll. Poems v. 374 I burn like a seed that in burial forgotten Pushes its hope up, growing in blind affiance Toward the light.

†b. Confidence in oneself, one's abilities, etc.; assurance, boldness; confidence in someone or something else. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > [noun]

sickerlaika1225

sickerness?c1225

sickerheadc1250

boldness1330

certaintya1340

traistc1340

assurancec1374

certain138.

sureness1419

surancea1450

affiancec1460

certitude?a1475

resting?a1475

security1535

firmancec1540

confidence1555

assuredness1561

resolution1590

plerophory1598

reliance1606

undoubtfulness1619

positiveness1711

positivity1741

decidedness1800

positivism1842

undoubtingness1857

inexpugnability1864

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > [noun]

to-hopec888

tristc1200

trusta1398

confidencec1430

affiancec1460

confiance1490

confidency1606

securitya1620

c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Fabula Duorum Mercatorum (Harl.) l. 387 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 499 (MED) Ful wys she was..Nat frel, fadyng, but ful of affiaunce.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. xvj^v/2 Who is he that is not rauysshid to hope of affyaunce?

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John ix. f. 34 The Phariseis beyng sore prouoked with the beggars great affyaunce, made no aunswere.

1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn ii. sig. C3 ^v Theres no affiance after periurie.

1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 365 Raualling of a Confederacie, where affiance is placed in Number, is a tormenting discouragement.

1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 2) 436 Abraham in affiance of this Truth, ventured to forsake his Countrey.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxxix. 282 My prayers..have not that affiance with them that they used to be attended with.

†2. Allegiance; solemn agreement. Only in to make affiance: to pledge faith or allegiance; to make a solemn agreement or promise (to do something). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > pledge or assurance

wordOE

costOE

earnest1221

fayc1300

certainty1303

wager1306

plighta1325

pledge1371

assurancec1386

undertaking?a1400

faithc1405

surementc1410

to make affiancec1425

earnest pennya1438

warrant1460

trow1515

fidelity1531

stipulation1552

warranty1555

pawn1573

arrha1574

avouchment1574

assumption1590

word of honour1598

avouch1603

assecurance1616

preassurance1635

tower-stamp1642

parole of honour1648

spondence1657

honour1659

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 3985 (MED) Her ȝong lord..To whom echon þei maden affiaunce, And wern eke sworn by bonde & assurance.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1913) II. l. 10087 (MED) They sworen and maden affyance, there-on to ben avenged.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. iv. sig. Pvii^v Not sayeng trouthe of hys promesse and affyaunce made [Fr. Non bon disant de sa promesse & affiance].

1529 Malory's Mort Darthur (de Worde) i. iii. sig. aij^v/2 He made affyaunce to the kyng for to nourysshe the chylde.

a. The action of pledging one's intent to marry; the fact of being engaged to be married by making such a pledge; engagement, betrothal. Also: an instance of this; a marriage contract. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > marriage vows or bonds > [noun] > vow > act of taking

affiancea1450

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1932) III. l. 21549 (MED) This mayden þere trowthe hym plyhte..and he of hire took þat affiance.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xliiij^v The sayde mariage was by writinges and instrumentes couenaunted, condiscended and agreed, and affiances made and taken by procters and deputies on bothe partes.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Spouse, or make affiaunce or betrougthen, sponso.

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. i. v. §39 34/2 After affiance & troth plight betweene them.

1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. v. §442. 191 Endowment ought to bee made immediately after affiance made betwixt them at the Church doore.

1701 W. Kennett Cowell's Interpreter (new ed.) Affiance, is the plighting of Troth betwixt a Man and a Woman.

1783 W. F. Martyn Geogr. Mag. 1 20 The affiance is compleated by a prayer.

1845 J. H. Ingraham Cruiser of Mist vi. 28 That secret hope..that she might not regard so seriously..the change in his fortunes, and would generously refuse to receive back her pledge of affiance.

1895 G. Allen Woman who Did vi. 77 Some dim survival of ancestral ideas made Herminia Barton so array herself in the white garb of affiance for her bridal evening.

1957 Crisis Feb. 124/2 The circumstances surrounding Mariana's love and death break up the affiance.

1996 C. Orsman South 82 We renew the generalities and earthy affiances that buoyed us on the inward journey and turn us on our tracks again.

†b. Close relationship, affinity. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > affinity or closeness

cousinagea1398

alliancea1475

affinityc1485

propinquitya1500

societya1513

kindred1528

cognationa1555

affinitive1579

sympathya1586

vicinity1594

affiance1597

contingence1612

contingency1612

congeniality1620

umbilicality1646

consanguinity1651

congeneracy1664

gossipred1674

congenerousness1677

closeness1692

intimacy1720

proximity1762

liaison1809

cousinship1848

affiliation1870

kinship1876

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxv. 167 Religion and superstition haue more affiance..then superstition and prophanesse.

1601 R. Chester Loves Martyr 45 Merlin (that did alwaies loue the King, As bearing chiefe affiance to his countrey).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

affiancev.

Brit.

/əˈfʌɪəns/, U.S.

/əˈfaɪəns/

Forms: late Middle English affiaunse, 1500s affiaunce, 1500s affyance, 1500s affyaunce, 1500s affyaunse, 1500s–1600s affians, 1500s– affiance.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French affiancer.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman afiauncer, affyancer, Anglo-Norman and Middle French afiancer, affiancer to promise (something) solemnly to (a person) (12th cent. in Old French as afiancier ), in Anglo-Norman also to betroth (a person) (a1321 or earlier) < afiance affiance n. Compare earlier fiance v., and also earlier affiance n.

Now somewhat archaic.

†1.

a. transitive (reflexive). To pledge oneself to do something. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > bind by a promise [verb (reflexive)]

plighta1325

affiancec1487

undertakea1715

commit1782

c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 292 Affiaunsyng theym-self vppon theire liegeaunce all thyng to doo at her commaundement.

b. transitive. With direct and indirect object. To promise (something) solemnly to (a person). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > pledge or undertake to give or do

sweara1154

fast?a1160

plightc1275

givec1300

undertake1393

strokea1400

warranta1400

foldc1400

pledge?a1439

affiance1523

pass1528

betroth1573

assume1602

impawna1628

gagea1642

spond1698

guarantee1820

vouch1898

1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 545 Affyaunsynge her myne hole assuraunce.

a. transitive. To arrange or set up the marriage of; to betroth. Frequently with to (now chiefly in passive).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > betroth [verb (transitive)]

handfastlOE

spousea1225

spousec1300

truthc1330

sickerc1384

assure1393

ensurea1450

fiancea1450

affya1500

insure1530

affiance1531

promise1548

betroth1566

espouse1581

contract1599

engage1728

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xvii. f. 219 She was affianuced [sic] to a gentill man.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. xii. 288 Aftre that he [sc. the Prieste] affiaunceth them both with one ringe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 225 I am affianced this mans wife, as strongly As words could make vp vowes.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. x. 210 To affiance their young Queen to his son the Dauphin.

1797 T. Langley Hist. & Antiq. Desborough & Wycombe 442 George earl of Shrewsbury, who affianced him [sc. Peter Compton] before he was 19 years of age to his daughter, lady Ann Talbot.

1847 B. Disraeli Tancred III. vi. vii. 227 Tancred was affianced to the daughter of Besso.

1861 E. E. Stuart Let. 16 Oct. in R. Stuart et al. Stuart Lett. (1961) II. 961 Mary, not you, can enter into all this..at a time when all the world affianced him to Miss Ladue!

1904 H. Adams Mont-Saint-Michel & Chartres v. 81 Almost at birth he was affianced to Mahaut, Countess of Boulogne, and the marriage was celebrated in 1216.

1947 H. Johnson Soviet Russia since War viii. 220 Later he discovers that she is affianced to his friend.

2010 Guardian (Nexis) 15 Oct. 2 He is apparently entirely untrammeled by self-doubt, affianced to a gorgeous popstar, and milking a period in which misguided folk keep giving him lucrative movie roles.

b. transitive (reflexive). To betroth oneself; to become engaged to be married. Usually with to (also †unto).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > betroth [verb (reflexive)]

affiance1609

handfast1611

1609 T. Pickering tr. W. Perkins Christian Oeconomie v. 64 A free woman had affianced her selfe to him that was a bond-man to another.

1627 W. Duncomb tr. V. d'Audiguier Tragi-comicall Hist. our Times v. 87 Argire..determined to affiance her selfe unto him.

1740 tr. Le Fèvre de Morsan Manners & Customs Romans i. xix. 122 Another ceremony.., which was to put yoke upon the necks of those who affianced themselves to each other, to signify that marriage is a real yoke.

1807 W. Coxe Hist. House of Austria I. vii. 102 He..sought a more intimate connection with the Austrian family by affiancing himself to Catherine, sister of Leopold.

1898 Argosy Feb. 161 It seems that you have been in a great hurry to affiance yourself.

1917 A. Marshall Abington Abbey xiv. 210 I have come now to ask your permission—to affiance myself to your daughter.

2011 ‘O. Drake’ Scandal of Year xviii. 192 Blythe wanted to affiance herself to the duke.

†3. transitive (in passive). In extended use: to be related or connected. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 9 Yet is their head and typ of their tayle yellowe, so that the Martines before mentioned, seeme to be affianced vnto these.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	affiance
释义	affiancen. Brit. /əˈfʌɪəns/, U.S. /əˈfaɪəns/ Forms: Middle English adffyawnce, Middle English affiawnce, Middle English affyanse, Middle English affyauns, Middle English affyaunse, Middle English afyaunce, Middle English–1500s affyaunce, Middle English–1600s affiaunce, Middle English–1600s affyance, Middle English– affiance, 1500s affians, 1500s affyans (Scottish). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French affiance. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman afiaunce, affiaunce, Anglo-Norman and Middle French afiance, affiance (French affiance ) pledge, solemn promise (late 12th cent. in Old French; 1323 or earlier in Anglo-Norman in specific sense ‘oath of allegiance’), confidence, trust (13th cent.), action of pledging one's intent to marry, betrothal (1268 or earlier in Anglo-Norman; 14th cent. in continental French) < afier , affier affy v. + -ance -ance suffix. Compare Old Occitan afizansa treaty.With to make affiance (see sense 2) compare Old French or Middle French faire affiance to conclude a marriage agreement (14th cent.). Sense 3b may result partly from association with (etymologically unrelated) affinity n. Now archaic. 1. a. Trust or faith in a person or thing. Frequently with in (also †on, †to, etc.). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > [noun] ylevec888 levec950 hopec1000 trothc1175 trusta1200 trutha1200 tristc1200 beliefa1225 tresta1300 traistinga1340 traistnessa1340 fiance1340 affiancec1350 affyc1380 tristening1382 credencea1393 faitha1393 levenessc1400 confidencec1430 credulity?a1439 trustingc1450 confiance1490 credit1533 fiduce1582 confidency1606 confidingness1682 c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) 188 (MED) Where ben her goddes in which hij had affiaunce [L. fiduciam]? ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 87 (MED) He þam hight..þe coroune at his myght to maynten with lawe, & þat he so suld, þe barons had affiance. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 642 (MED) Alle his afyaunce vpon folde watz in þe fyue woundez. c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 41 That ever we shulde put affiaunce and trust to the Frenshe partie. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Heb. xi. f. xxi Puttyng his affyaunce in God. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 125 Repose the whole affiance of your hearts upon me. 1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace ix. 210 'Tis a blessed life to live as a poor recumbent, by acts of trust and affiance. 1739 Burkitt's Expos. Notes N.T. (ed. 11) John i. 12 Faith is..a divine affiance, and such an Affiance in Christ..as is the Parent and Principle of Obedience to him. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 285 How well I did, to put my Affiance in his Goodness. 1850 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles (ed. 3) Prelim. Ess. vi. 89 A true affiance on him who is the Giver of this faith. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 218 My Lancelot, thou in whom I have Most love and most affiance. 1931 L. Binyon Coll. Poems v. 374 I burn like a seed that in burial forgotten Pushes its hope up, growing in blind affiance Toward the light. †b. Confidence in oneself, one's abilities, etc.; assurance, boldness; confidence in someone or something else. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > [noun] sickerlaika1225 sickerness?c1225 sickerheadc1250 boldness1330 certaintya1340 traistc1340 assurancec1374 certain138. sureness1419 surancea1450 affiancec1460 certitude?a1475 resting?a1475 security1535 firmancec1540 confidence1555 assuredness1561 resolution1590 plerophory1598 reliance1606 undoubtfulness1619 positiveness1711 positivity1741 decidedness1800 positivism1842 undoubtingness1857 inexpugnability1864 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > [noun] to-hopec888 tristc1200 trusta1398 confidencec1430 affiancec1460 confiance1490 confidency1606 securitya1620 c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Fabula Duorum Mercatorum (Harl.) l. 387 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 499 (MED) Ful wys she was..Nat frel, fadyng, but ful of affiaunce. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. xvj^v/2 Who is he that is not rauysshid to hope of affyaunce? 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John ix. f. 34 The Phariseis beyng sore prouoked with the beggars great affyaunce, made no aunswere. 1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn ii. sig. C3 ^v Theres no affiance after periurie. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 365 Raualling of a Confederacie, where affiance is placed in Number, is a tormenting discouragement. 1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 2) 436 Abraham in affiance of this Truth, ventured to forsake his Countrey. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxxix. 282 My prayers..have not that affiance with them that they used to be attended with. †2. Allegiance; solemn agreement. Only in to make affiance: to pledge faith or allegiance; to make a solemn agreement or promise (to do something). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > pledge or assurance wordOE costOE earnest1221 fayc1300 certainty1303 wager1306 plighta1325 pledge1371 assurancec1386 undertaking?a1400 faithc1405 surementc1410 to make affiancec1425 earnest pennya1438 warrant1460 trow1515 fidelity1531 stipulation1552 warranty1555 pawn1573 arrha1574 avouchment1574 assumption1590 word of honour1598 avouch1603 assecurance1616 preassurance1635 tower-stamp1642 parole of honour1648 spondence1657 honour1659 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 3985 (MED) Her ȝong lord..To whom echon þei maden affiaunce, And wern eke sworn by bonde & assurance. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1913) II. l. 10087 (MED) They sworen and maden affyance, there-on to ben avenged. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. iv. sig. Pvii^v Not sayeng trouthe of hys promesse and affyaunce made [Fr. Non bon disant de sa promesse & affiance]. 1529 Malory's Mort Darthur (de Worde) i. iii. sig. aij^v/2 He made affyaunce to the kyng for to nourysshe the chylde. 3. a. The action of pledging one's intent to marry; the fact of being engaged to be married by making such a pledge; engagement, betrothal. Also: an instance of this; a marriage contract. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > marriage vows or bonds > [noun] > vow > act of taking affiancea1450 a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1932) III. l. 21549 (MED) This mayden þere trowthe hym plyhte..and he of hire took þat affiance. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xliiij^v The sayde mariage was by writinges and instrumentes couenaunted, condiscended and agreed, and affiances made and taken by procters and deputies on bothe partes. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Spouse, or make affiaunce or betrougthen, sponso. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. i. v. §39 34/2 After affiance & troth plight betweene them. 1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. v. §442. 191 Endowment ought to bee made immediately after affiance made betwixt them at the Church doore. 1701 W. Kennett Cowell's Interpreter (new ed.) Affiance, is the plighting of Troth betwixt a Man and a Woman. 1783 W. F. Martyn Geogr. Mag. 1 20 The affiance is compleated by a prayer. 1845 J. H. Ingraham Cruiser of Mist vi. 28 That secret hope..that she might not regard so seriously..the change in his fortunes, and would generously refuse to receive back her pledge of affiance. 1895 G. Allen Woman who Did vi. 77 Some dim survival of ancestral ideas made Herminia Barton so array herself in the white garb of affiance for her bridal evening. 1957 Crisis Feb. 124/2 The circumstances surrounding Mariana's love and death break up the affiance. 1996 C. Orsman South 82 We renew the generalities and earthy affiances that buoyed us on the inward journey and turn us on our tracks again. †b. Close relationship, affinity. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > affinity or closeness cousinagea1398 alliancea1475 affinityc1485 propinquitya1500 societya1513 kindred1528 cognationa1555 affinitive1579 sympathya1586 vicinity1594 affiance1597 contingence1612 contingency1612 congeniality1620 umbilicality1646 consanguinity1651 congeneracy1664 gossipred1674 congenerousness1677 closeness1692 intimacy1720 proximity1762 liaison1809 cousinship1848 affiliation1870 kinship1876 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxv. 167 Religion and superstition haue more affiance..then superstition and prophanesse. 1601 R. Chester Loves Martyr 45 Merlin (that did alwaies loue the King, As bearing chiefe affiance to his countrey). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). affiancev. Brit. /əˈfʌɪəns/, U.S. /əˈfaɪəns/ Forms: late Middle English affiaunse, 1500s affiaunce, 1500s affyance, 1500s affyaunce, 1500s affyaunse, 1500s–1600s affians, 1500s– affiance. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French affiancer. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman afiauncer, affyancer, Anglo-Norman and Middle French afiancer, affiancer to promise (something) solemnly to (a person) (12th cent. in Old French as afiancier ), in Anglo-Norman also to betroth (a person) (a1321 or earlier) < afiance affiance n. Compare earlier fiance v., and also earlier affiance n. Now somewhat archaic. †1. a. transitive (reflexive). To pledge oneself to do something. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > bind by a promise [verb (reflexive)] plighta1325 affiancec1487 undertakea1715 commit1782 c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 292 Affiaunsyng theym-self vppon theire liegeaunce all thyng to doo at her commaundement. b. transitive. With direct and indirect object. To promise (something) solemnly to (a person). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > pledge or undertake to give or do sweara1154 fast?a1160 plightc1275 givec1300 undertake1393 strokea1400 warranta1400 foldc1400 pledge?a1439 affiance1523 pass1528 betroth1573 assume1602 impawna1628 gagea1642 spond1698 guarantee1820 vouch1898 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 545 Affyaunsynge her myne hole assuraunce. 2. a. transitive. To arrange or set up the marriage of; to betroth. Frequently with to (now chiefly in passive). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > betroth [verb (transitive)] handfastlOE spousea1225 spousec1300 truthc1330 sickerc1384 assure1393 ensurea1450 fiancea1450 affya1500 insure1530 affiance1531 promise1548 betroth1566 espouse1581 contract1599 engage1728 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xvii. f. 219 She was affianuced [sic] to a gentill man. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. xii. 288 Aftre that he [sc. the Prieste] affiaunceth them both with one ringe. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 225 I am affianced this mans wife, as strongly As words could make vp vowes. View more context for this quotation 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. x. 210 To affiance their young Queen to his son the Dauphin. 1797 T. Langley Hist. & Antiq. Desborough & Wycombe 442 George earl of Shrewsbury, who affianced him [sc. Peter Compton] before he was 19 years of age to his daughter, lady Ann Talbot. 1847 B. Disraeli Tancred III. vi. vii. 227 Tancred was affianced to the daughter of Besso. 1861 E. E. Stuart Let. 16 Oct. in R. Stuart et al. Stuart Lett. (1961) II. 961 Mary, not you, can enter into all this..at a time when all the world affianced him to Miss Ladue! 1904 H. Adams Mont-Saint-Michel & Chartres v. 81 Almost at birth he was affianced to Mahaut, Countess of Boulogne, and the marriage was celebrated in 1216. 1947 H. Johnson Soviet Russia since War viii. 220 Later he discovers that she is affianced to his friend. 2010 Guardian (Nexis) 15 Oct. 2 He is apparently entirely untrammeled by self-doubt, affianced to a gorgeous popstar, and milking a period in which misguided folk keep giving him lucrative movie roles. b. transitive (reflexive). To betroth oneself; to become engaged to be married. Usually with to (also †unto). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > betroth [verb (reflexive)] affiance1609 handfast1611 1609 T. Pickering tr. W. Perkins Christian Oeconomie v. 64 A free woman had affianced her selfe to him that was a bond-man to another. 1627 W. Duncomb tr. V. d'Audiguier Tragi-comicall Hist. our Times v. 87 Argire..determined to affiance her selfe unto him. 1740 tr. Le Fèvre de Morsan Manners & Customs Romans i. xix. 122 Another ceremony.., which was to put yoke upon the necks of those who affianced themselves to each other, to signify that marriage is a real yoke. 1807 W. Coxe Hist. House of Austria I. vii. 102 He..sought a more intimate connection with the Austrian family by affiancing himself to Catherine, sister of Leopold. 1898 Argosy Feb. 161 It seems that you have been in a great hurry to affiance yourself. 1917 A. Marshall Abington Abbey xiv. 210 I have come now to ask your permission—to affiance myself to your daughter. 2011 ‘O. Drake’ Scandal of Year xviii. 192 Blythe wanted to affiance herself to the duke. †3. transitive (in passive). In extended use: to be related or connected. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 9 Yet is their head and typ of their tayle yellowe, so that the Martines before mentioned, seeme to be affianced vnto these. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1350v.c1487
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